Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2018
Draft Annex E
Hazard Analysis
Introduction
The Essential Safety Requirements [ESRs] of Directive 97/23/EC, the Pressure Equipment Directive [PED] place the following obligations
on the manufacturer of the pressure equipment throughout the processes of design, manufacture, conformity assessment, and as
applicable assembly and installation of the pressure equipment, viz.
To analyse the Hazards in order to identify those which apply to his equipment on account of pressure and then design and construct
the equipment taking into account this analysis.
To eliminate or reduce these Hazards as far as is reasonably practicable.
To apply appropriate protection measures against those Hazards that cannot be eliminated.
To advise the user(s) of the equipment of residual Hazards and indicate whether it is necessary to take appropriate special measures to
reduce the risks art the time of installation and/or use.
The results of the analysis needs be recorded and to be included in the technical documentation which should form part of the submission,
if applicable, to the Notified Body responsible for appraising the design against the ESRs of the PED.
Following is a checklist of typical Hazards which may be applicable to Pressure Equipment. The manufacturer may use the Hazard
checklist as an aide-memoire for eliminating, reducing, specifying protection measures and determining where to apply special
instructions /procedures during construction, test, commissioning, operation and maintenance.
The list of Hazards to be considered outlined in the aide-memoire is not exhaustive, other Hazards may need to be considered by the
manufacturer in certain circumstances.
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Yes / NoRelevant
Hazard Prevention Measures Applied
PED Warnings,
Examples of Hazard and Consequence Annex I Special
ESRs Operating
Eliminat Reduce Protection and/or
e Inspection
Design Considerations Procedures
Internal Chambers and parts of Pressure Equipment
Fluid
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Flow: e.g.
Excessive / insufficient, high level carry-over; N Design as per ASME, Sec.VIII, Div.1
low level over-heating etc. 2.9/.10/.11 N
Transient conditions surge; noise; water 2.2.1/.3 N
hammer etc. fracture/fatigue 6 N
Pulsations reciprocating machines 2.5 N
fracture/fatigue 2.2.1/.3 N
Cavitation wear 2.7 / 6
N
2.2.1/.3
Erosion wear N
4.1
Abrasion wear N
2.7
Fouling blockage
Testing Media: e.g.
Material compatibility/resistance 4 Y MOC as per chemical resistance to testing media.
Weight density – mass consideration 2 / 3.2.2 Y Content load considered in design
Venting and draining 2.9 Y Appropriate vent and drain provided.
Pneumatic additional considerations 3.2.2 / 7.4 Y
Equipment
Machinery: e.g.
Stirrers, shakers, percussive device, paddles, 2.2.1/.3 Y Stirrer. Dynamic loads consider in design
pumps; vibration fatigue shock load
fracture
Supports local loads Y Designed for Seismic load
Baffles local loads fatigue N
Material compatibility 4.1/4.2 N
Means of examination 2.4 Y Adequate opening provided
Quick opening doors interlocks 2.3 N
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NOT APPLICABLE
Trays, Downcomers, Deflectors,
Anti-syphon device, sieves, anti-vortex device 2.9 / 6 c
Internal pipework
penetrations leakage 6
local loads fatigue 2.2.1/.3
Material compatibility 4.1/4.2
Means of examination 2.4
Equipment
NOT APPLICABLE
local loads
Electrical charge
Short Circuit etc.
material compatibility 4
Penetrations
leakage 6
thermal shock 2
fracture / fatigue
Means of examination
2.4
Sprays: e.g.
injection points N
steam out 2.2.1/3 N
vacuum
high pressure
material compatibility
Penetrations NOT -
APPLICABLE
leakage
thermal shock
fracture / fatigue
Supports
local loads Manhole provided
means of examination 2.4 Y
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Heating/cooling: e.g.
coils / panels freedom to expand leakage 2.4 / 2.8 N
contamination fire/explosion
electrical over-heating short circuit etc.
Means of examination 2.4 N
Penetrations
leakage
MOC suitable for process fluid with relevant
thermal shock
testing as per PED.
fracture / fatigue
4.1/4.2 Y
Material compatibility
Equipment
Linings: e.g.
Refractory / Brickwork 2.2.1/3
NOT APPLICABLE
glass / glass reinforced plastic 2.3
enamel 2.4
other metal 2.5
rubber
freedom to expand 2.2.1/3
additional loading
leakage
material compatibility
means of examination 2.4
Design Considerations
External parts of Pressure Equipment
Equipment
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APPLICABLE
Fluid heating – panels , limpets etc
Fired heating – solid, gas, oil Vessel design considered with design
Electrical heating – immersion, strip temperature
Nuclear – National Regulations
thermal stresses 2.2.1/.3
Material compatibility / resistance 4
Location
NOT APPLICABLE
Seismic loads dynamic mechanical load
anchoring vibration etc.
Fire/explosion: e.g. oil refinery / gas storage
engulfment BLEVE*
2.12
Snow /ice loads additional mass / wind
2.2.1/.3
area low temp. wind chill material
compatibility etc.
Rain loads additional mass drainage
material compatibility etc.
Flooding: raised platform anti-buoyancy:
anchors: bunding etc
Lightening fire damage earthing. 2.2.1/.3 N
Ambient temperature(s) N
Altitude – see also wind load & temperature N
(process considerations)
NOT APPLICABLE
material compatibility / resistance
Buried: e.g. protection from fire, blast, solar
radiation etc.
geotechnical effects
material compatibility / resistance
Conducted / radiated heat
Mounted on or part of dynamic structure e.g.
tanker vehicle, moving platform
acceleration forces wind forces 2.3
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CSPRS = Controlled Safety Pressure Relief System: ** SRMCR = Safety Related Measurement and Control Regulation
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