Optical Electronics 光電子學 (Final Exam 期末考)

OPEN BOOK, Calculator Use. Total 100 points.

June/26/2015. (Exam Time 9:00-11:30 AM)

1. AlGaAs LED emitter (20 Points)

An AlGaAs LED emitter for use in a local optical fiber network has the output spectrum shown in
Figure 1. It is designed for oeak emission at 820 nm at 25 ℃.
(a) When is the linewidth △λ between half power points at temperatures -40 ℃, 25℃, and 85℃?
What is the empirical relationship between △λ and T given three temperatures and how does this
compare with △(hv) ≈ 2.5 kBT－3 kBT ?
(b) What is the bandgap of AlGaAs in the LED ?
(c) The bandgap, Eg, of the ternary alloys AlxGa1-xAs follows the empirical expression,
Eg(ev)=1.424 +1.266x + 0.266x2
What is the composition of the AlGaAs in this LED ?
(d) When the foreard current is 40 mA, the voltage across the LED is 1.5 V, and the optical power
that is coupled into a multimode fiber through a lens is 25 µW. What is the overall efficiency ?

Fig. 1 The output spectrum from AlGaAs LED. Values normalized to peal emission at 25℃.

2. Open circuit voltage and Shunt resistance (20 Points)

(a) A solar cell under an illumination of 100 Wm-2 has a short circuit current Isc of 50 mA and an
open circuit output voltage Voc, of 0.55V. What are the short circuit current and open circuit
voltages when the light intensity is halved?
(b) Consider the equivalent circuit of a solar cell as shown in Fig.2
(i) Show that
𝑉 𝑒𝑉 𝑉
I = −𝐼𝑝ℎ + 𝐼𝑑 + = −𝐼𝑝ℎ + 𝐼𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝 ( ) − 𝐼𝑜 +
𝑅𝑝 𝑛𝑘𝐵 𝑇 𝑅𝑝
(ii) Plot I vs. V for a polycrystalline Si solar cell that has n = 2 and Io = 3x10-4 mA, for an
illumination such that Iph=5mA. Use Rp =∞, 1000 Ω and then Rp 100 Ω. What is your
conclusion?
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 Fig.2 The equivalent circuit of a solar cell (a) Ideal pn junction solar cell (b) Parallel and series
resistances.

3. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. A laser diode is an

electrically pumped semiconductor laser in which the active laser medium is formed by a p-n
junction of a semiconductor diode similar to that found in a light-emitting diode. Please describe
the operation theory of LED and Laser diode. Please describe the advantages and disadvantages of
LED and Laser diode. (20 Points)

4. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which

the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which emits light in response
to an electric current. A typical OLED is composed of a layer of organic materials situated
between two electrodes, the anode and cathode, all deposited on a substrate. Please describe the
working principle of OLED. Please describe the advantages and disadvantages of OLED and LED.
(20 Points)

5. Solar cells are running on junction effect principle. To understand junction effect, we should
understand n-type and p-type material. Doping process is needed to obtain n-type or p-type
material. Doping means inserting another atom into the bulk crystal. Consider silicon crystal: each
silicon atom has four electrons in its valance band and these electrons make bonds with other
Silicon atom. You can see the silicon crystal in the left side with valance electrons of each Si atom.
Note that we call that structure as crystal since all Si atoms are perfectly aligned. We can convert
this structure in to n-type or p-type by doping different atoms. Explaining the working principle of
photovoltaic cells. Please describe the photovoltaic I-V characteristics. (20 Points)

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