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2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution 1

Study on the measurement of power-transmission-line parameters


with induced voltage
Hui Fu, Zhicheng Zhou, Xu Wei, Fengbo Tao
(Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute Corporation Ltd. Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu Province, China)

Abstract -- Parameters of the power transmission line are zero sequence impedance will be reduced under the large
the gist of the power system load flow calculation as well voltage amplitude dispersion.
as the protection setting value, which are important in the Keywords: -- multi-circuit lines on same tower, induced
proper arrangement of power system operation mode, the voltage, power-transmission-line parame- ter, sequence
reliability and sensitivity improvement of the relay component decomposition
protection, etc. However, the measurement of the power
1. INTRODUCTION
transmission line parameters will be affected easily by the
induced voltage when the traditional meter-method or the As an important part of the power transmission
non-power frequency method is employed, and the line in the power system, whose power frequency
measurement methods mentioned above are also limited parameters are the gist of the power system load
by the additional power supply. Due to the induced flow calculations, the protection setting value, the
voltage, the open circuit voltage and the short circuit operation mode and so on. Power frequency
current of the power transmission line can be measured, parameters of the transmission line are important in
furthermore, the sequence parameters of the linear the proper arrangement of power system operation
transmission lines are independent when the lines have the mode, the reliability and sensitivity improvement of
symmetrical parameters of the triple-phase, i.e. the the relay protection, etc.[1]-[3].
certain sequence current (voltage) will only bring the The traditional meter-method(TMM) and the
same sequence voltage (current). As a result, the sequence non-power frequency method(NPFM) are usually
impedance of the power transmission line can be solved by used in the line parameters measurement nowadays.
decomposing the induced voltage (current) into positive, The TMM is simple, but the measurement will be
negative and zero sequence respectively. By simulating the affected easily by the induced voltage. In order to
sequence impedance of the transmission line with lumped reduce the measurement error caused by the induced
parameters in the PSCAD, the results indicate that the voltage, method of phase inversion based on TMM is
error between the induction-method and the proposed to improve the accuracy[4]-[6], however,
meter-method is less than 10%. Sequence impedance which has the defects including complicated process,
simulation of quadruple circuit lines on same tower by big equipment volume, heavy weight. The
induction-method was also carried out, it reveals that the anti-interference ability of NPFM is better than the
sequence impedance of the transmission lines can be TMM’s, but the non-power frequency induced
accurately calculated by the induction-method. A voltage will also influence the measurement[7]-[9].
sequence impedance measuring instrument was also Tens of volts of the applied voltage is enough in
developed based on the induction-method, sequence the line parameters’ measurement by the TMM when
impedance of the analog lines as well as the quadruple there is no interference. Generally, the amplitude of
circuit lines on same tower was measured, and the result induced voltage on the transmission line is hundreds
shows that the instrument is fit for the measurement of the to thousands of volts under the condition of
transmission lines. Effect of the voltage amplitude multi-circuit lines on same tower, and which is
dispersion on the induction-method-measurement is also enough to measure the transmission line
discussed in this paper, results reveal that the error of the parameters[10], [11]. Furthermore, the induced
2 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution

voltage and induced current is employed in this impedance and zero sequence impedance could be
paper to measure the line parameters, the power calculated by sequence decomposition, the results
supply can be omitted and the equipment weight can are shown in table 1.
be reduced under the induction-method(IM). Sequence impedance calculation was also
carried out by the TMM in the PSCAD, the results
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
are listed in table2.
The sequence parameters of the linear
r [ohm]

transmission lines are independent when the lines E0

#1
#2
have the symmetrical parameters of the triple-phase, Ka

Ca [uF]
Ia
Ea Ra [ohm] La [H]

i.e. the certain sequence current (voltage) will only


bring the same sequence voltage (current). As a
r [ohm]
result, the sequence impedance of the power
transmission line can be solved by decomposing the

#1
#2
induced voltage (current) into positive, negative and
Kb

Cb [uF]
Ib
Eb Rb [ohm] Lb [H]

zero sequence respectively.


r [ohm]
A transmission line model with the lumped
parameters is illustrated in figure 1, the induced

#1
#2
voltage is applied by the isolation transformer. By Kc

Cc [uF]
Ic
Ec Rc [ohm] Lc [H]

grounding one terminal of the three phases and


measuring the open circuit voltage as well as the Figure 1 Model of the transmission line with lumped
short circuit current, the positive sequence parameters

Table 1 Calculation results of the sequence impedance by IM


Lumped parameters Impedance
No.
R(Ω) L(mH) C(μF) Positive Negative Zero
1 7.5 35 1 9.17+j13.30 9.17+j13.30 9.69+j13.94
2 7.5 17.5 1 8.93+j6.91 8.93+j6.91 9.55+j7.13
3 7.5 35 3 9.71+j13.82 9.71+j13.82 9.91+j14.01
4 2.5 35 1 4.67+j13.45 4.67+j13.45 4.96+j13.52

Table2 Calculation results of the sequence impedance by TMM


Lumped parameters Impedance
No.
R(Ω) L(mH) C(μF) Positive Negative Zero
1 7.5 35 1 9.21+j13.12 9.21+j13.12 9.23+j13.44
2 7.5 17.5 1 8.75+j7.04 8.75+j6.94 8.62+j6.43
3 7.5 35 3 9.97+j13.89 9.97+j13.89 9.53+j13.32
4 2.5 35 1 4.53+j13.17 4.53+j13.17 5.24+j12.98
From table 1 and table 2, it can be seen that is 19.7km, the length of the four lines on the same
there are little difference of the calculation results tower is 11.65km. The TMM was employed here to
between the IM and the TMM when the lumped measure the positive sequence impedance and the
parameters are employed. zero sequence impedance, results are shown in table
Figure 2 is the line connection schematic 3. In table 3, Rp1 is the positive sequence resistance,
diagram of quadruple circuit lines on same tower. In Rp2 is the positive sequence reactance, Rz1 is the zero
figure 2, A, B, and C are three substations, the length sequence resistance, Rz2 is the zero sequence
of line 2Y01 and line 2Y02 on same tower is 54.6km, reactance.
the length of line 2Y05 and line 2Y06 on same tower
2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution 3

line impedance by induction-method was developed


based on the embedded industrial computer. By
decomposing the open circuit voltage and short
circuit current, the sequence impedance can be
solved automatically. This instrument mainly
contains voltage divider unit, current detector,
automatic switchover circuit, signal processing
circuit, industrial computer processing system, etc.
Figure 2 line connection schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 3.
quadruple circuit lines on same tower

Table 3 Impedance of quadruple circuit lines on


same tower calculated by the TMM
Line Rp1/Ω Rp2/Ω Rz1/Ω Rz2/Ω
2Y01 1.542 15.812 15.74 49.522
2Y02 3.396 24.591 20.33 77.619
2Y05 1.71 8.521 6.09 27.535
2Y06 1.32 7.917 5.554 25.182

Impedances of the transmission line in figure 2


were also calculated by the IM, the positive sequence
impedance and the zero sequence impedance are Figure 3 Transmission line impedance measurement
listed in table 4. The meanings of the Rp1, Rp2, Rz1, instrument based on induction-method
Rz2 are the same as which in table 3. Impedances of a transmission lines composed
Table 4 Impedance of quadruple circuit lines on of lumped elements were measured by the
same tower calculated by the IM instrument. The transmission lines are illustrated in
figure 4, which have the symmetrical parameters of
Line Rp1/Ω Rp2/Ω Rz1/Ω Rz2/Ω
the triple-phase, and the endings of the three phases
2Y01 1.68 17.84 16.43 47.55
were grounded. The lumped elements include the
2Y02 2.98 26.63 18.93 81.34
adjustable resistance, inductance and capacitance.
2Y05 1.52 8.91 6.76 29.15
One winding of the isolation transformer was series
2Y06 1.13 7.53 4.82 27.04
connected into the line, another winding was
From table 3 and table 4, it can be seen that the connected to the output terminal of the voltage
difference between the calculation results by IM and regulator, consequently, the induced voltage on the
the experiment results by TMM is small, the line can be adjusted. As the interference in the lab
induction-method is fit for the measurement of was small and the amplitude of the induced voltage
transmission line parameters. The error of the on the line was low, impedance of this line measured
impedance between table 3 and table 4 mainly comes by NPFM is employed here as the reference.
from: (1) Interference, reading error in the field
experiment leads to the inaccuracy of the traditional
meter-method measurement; (2) The height, space
length of the transmission lines, and the soil
resistivity in the simulation is not the same as the
practical situation, which results in the error.

3. EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSS Figure 4 schematic diagram of the measurement


An instrument measuring power transmission circuit
4 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution

In this experiment, the line’s positive sequence it can be seen that the measurement results of the
impedance and zero sequence impedance were positive sequence impedance are almost the same by
measured by both the NPFM and the IM under the two methods. Difference between the results of
different values of the resistance, inductance and the zero sequence impedance is not larger than 5%.
capacitance, which is listed in table 5. From table 5,
Table 5 Impedance of the transmission line under different measuring method
Method Rp / Ω R z/ Ω C/ μF R/ Ω L/ mH
NPFM 10.17+j14.50 10.69+ j14.76
1 7.5 35.5
IM 10.02+j14.38 10.30+ j14.10
NPFM 9.63+j9.64 10.07+ j9.79
1 7.5 23.3
IM 9.65+j9.33 9.71+ j8.41
NPFM 6.94+j7.25 7.37+ j7.45
1 5 17.5
IM 6.94+j7.07 6.74+j6.20
NPFM 4.34+j7.15 4.83+ j7.52
1.5 2.5 17.5
IM 4.42+j7.44 4.59+j7.41
NPFM 4.23+j4.78 4.54+j5.03
3 2.5 11.67
IM 4.28+j4.81 4.76+j4.17
Xy ——Sequence reactance by NFPM.
Effect of the voltage amplitude dispersion on
the induction-method-measurement is also
researched in this paper, which is illustrated in figure
5. In figure 5, Rp1 is the positive sequence resistance,
Rp2 is the positive sequence reactance, Rz1 is the zero
sequence resistance, Rz2 is the zero sequence
reactance. De is the voltage amplitude dispersion,
which is defined as:

De = (U A − U B ) 2 + (U B − U C ) 2 + (U C − U A ) 2

Where:
UA ——Induced voltage amplitude of A
Figure 5 Effect of the voltage amplitude dispersion
phase;
on the IM measurement
UB ——Induced voltage amplitude of B
phase; From figure 5, it can be seen that under
UC ——Induced voltage amplitude of C different voltage amplitude dispersion, the relative
phase. error of the positive sequence impedance between
σ is the relative error of the sequence resistance IM and NPFM is less than 7.6%. However, when the
or the sequence reactance, which is defined as: difference between the voltage amplitude is small,
Rg − R y the max relative error of the zero sequence resistance
σ= is up to 59%, and which of the zero sequence
Ry reactance is up to 44%. The large error is because
or: that when the voltage amplitude of the three phases
Xg − Xy is close to each other, the amplitude of zero sequence
σ= current is very small, any small error caused by
Xy sampling or calculation will bring a strong influence
Where: to the result. In the practical condition, due to the
Rg ——Sequence resistance by IM; different position of the three phase lines, probability
Ry ——Sequence resistance by NFPM; of the induced voltage amplitude closing to each
Xg ——Sequence reactance by IM; other is very small, it will not influence the accuracy
2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution 5

of the results in the practical application. And if the due to the strong interference, whereas the
voltage amplitude dispersion is increased, the instrument based on IM could overcome the
relative error of the zero sequence impedance will be influence by the strong interference.
less than 10%. From figure 5, it also can be seen that
4. CONCLUSIONS
the error of zero sequence impedance is larger than
that of positive sequence impedance, this is due to The induction-method for measuring the
that the common mode interference will be impedance of power transmission line is proposed in
superposed when calculate the zero sequence this paper, by simulating the parameters of the
parameters, nevertheless, if increase the amplitude of transmission line with the induction-method and the
the induced voltage, i.e. reduce the ratio of the traditional meter-method, it reveals that the
common mode interference, the accuracy of the induction-method is feasible.
measurement results will be improved. A transmission line impedance measurement
Impedances of line 2Y02 in figure 2 were also instrument was developed, by comparing the
measured, the measurement methods include TMM, measurement results with that measured by other
NFPM and IM, results are listed in table 6. In figure methods, it reveals that the instrument based on
6, Rp1 is the positive sequence resistance, Rp2 is the induction-method is fit for the impedance
positive sequence reactance, Rz1 is the zero sequence measurement of the transmission line.
resistance, Rz2 is the zero sequence reactance.
REFERENCES
Table 6 Measurement results of line Impedance
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NFPM Electrical Engineering, 2005, 25(4): 1-3.
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6 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution

overhead transmission lines based on


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Biographies
Hui Fu was born in Nantong, Jiangsu province, she
received the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering
from the Shanghai Jiaotong University. She is
currently the senior engineer at Jiangsu Electric
Power Research Institute Corporation Ltd. Her
research interests include the technology of
distribution network and overvoltage.

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