BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA

Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica

CAM
Practice no. 1
Members of team number 3
Arroyo Islas Jesús 201534687
Ballarte Del Moral Jorge Leonardo 201411812
Bautista Lázaro Santos 201421093
Corona Gómez Guadalupe 201401965
Espinoza Cortés Luis Manuel 201417775
Méndez Melo Guadalupe Saraí 201419843
Sánchez Córdova Carlos Arturo 201416868
Sastre Justiniano Eduardo 201518541
Soto Márquez Gabriela 201418556

Profesor: José Héctor Martin Loranca Regules

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

 Learn how to use a lathe.

 Know and use the language properly to program in CNC.
 Make a piece from a technical drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 That the student develops skills in the handling of the winch.

 That the student knows the programming language and can develop it.

2.0 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION.

The lathe is a machine-tool that realizes the fast turning of pieces of revolution of
metal, wood and plastic. It is also used on many occasions to polish pieces.

Basic concepts:

 Turning is to remove part of a piece by a blade or other cutting tool to shape

(mold).
 Revolution pieces: cylinders, cones and propellers. Polish: Smooth a piece to
leave it soft and shiny.

Turning is, possibly, the first machining operation (shaping a part) that gave rise to
a machine- tool.

Apart from turning the lathe can be used for grooving (making grooves in pieces),
for cutting, sanding and polishing. Then we will see the most common jobs with the
winch.

How Shape a Lathe?

Starting from a piece called "base", parts are eliminated with the blade to the base
piece until leaving it with the shape we want.

The main movement in the turning is the rotation and is carried by the piece to which
we are going to give shape. The movements of advance of the blade and of
penetration (put the blade on the piece to cut it) are generally rectilinear and are the
movements that the cutting tool carries.
 Figure 1. Parts of a lathe

A lathe has 3 basic movements:

 Movement of rotation: The piece is placed on an axis that turns it on itself.

 Advance Movement: The blade advances parallel to the piece in a straight
movement.
 Penetration Movement: The blade penetrates the piece cutting part of it
forming shavings.

The control of these 3 movements is basic to shape the piece without errors. You
can turn parts in many ways, with threads, gears, concave, convex, etc.

3.0 SAFETY ASPECTS

In the development of the practice, the following security measures were taken:

 Use of robe
 Use of protective glasses
 Keep the lathe closed while performing the piece.
Take into account the emergency button in case of being needed

4.0 CALCULATIONS
In the following figure the plane of the figure to be made is shown.

Figure 2. Sketch
In the following table you can see the points that will guide you to make the code.

Table. 1
Ptos X Z
P1 0 0
P2 ½
P3 -1
P4 0.9 -1.0
P5 -2.0

5.0 SIMULATIONS

To check that the code that was made works properly, it is simulated in a software for lathe
HaasWin_Lathe.

The code is as follows:

 Figure 3. Code

The piece that is generated from the code is the following:

Figure 4. Piece generated

A SolidWorks design was also created to see the prototype of the piece and to obtain the
sketch digitally.
 Figure 5. Sketch

Figure 4. Prototype
6.0 EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

MATERIAL, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED

Material
1) 1-inch diameter aluminum part
2) Vernier
Tools
1.) Lathe

Development

The first thing that was done was to generate the code both in the simulator as well
as in the lathe.
Our piece was measured in order to have exact measurements of its diameter.
The piece of aluminum in the lathe was secured.
Then we configure our lathe to be able to have the proper calibration and have an
adequate use.
The program was tried without cutting the piece, it was only on air.
Having checked that the program worked correctly, it was reconfigured to start
cutting the piece.
Having finished the program we obtained the desired piece.

7.0 RESULTS
7.1) methodology
Once the design and programming is approved, you can continue machining on the
CNC lathe to explain the way in which the equipment and its component parts should
be handled.
1.-First we must turn on the machine, for this we activate the central switch which
is in the back of the machine, and we can verify that the machine is energized and
that the fans are heard to work.

Central switch
2.-Later we can press the switch of ignition of the machine which is in the frontal part
in the control panel of the machine. 3.-If we press the green power button on the top
of the control board, at this moment the machine is ready to receive any instruction.
3.- We remove the emergency stop and put the key to write on the CNC monitor

4.- We load the program

We can capture a work program or a machining program. If the MDI function is activated
with the operation selector of the control panel also activated in the MDI mode, a work
program will be captured.
If the EDIT function is activated with the operation selector on the control panel, preferably
activated in the MEMORY mode, a machining program will be captured.

Function: EDIT - MDI.EDIT

MDI

When activating the function, the following menus are displayed: 1. If in the control panel,
the operating mode selector knob is in the MDI mode, the MDI menu will be displayed
directly with the option to select the MDI - ENT menu.

5. If the operation selector knob is in the HANDLE, ZERO - RTN, JOG or MEMORY modes
on the control panel, the SEARCH, PROGRAM, SMALL / LARGE, FILE menus will be
displayed.

6. When you finish writing the program, press INPUT to save the program.

7.- We measure our material and we put the measurements in the specifications of z, y, and
x.

8.-Mount the aluminum bar in the chuck and adjust with the chuck key

9.- calibrate in zrn inside the machine with the help of the teacher, we hold a paper with the
tool and our material, once done we send the turret home.
10.-We face the piece, once we return to home and then start the program of the piece we
want to make

11.-We press the start button and wait for it to finish

12.- Since the turret is in home, press the emergency stop, and dismantle the piece.

http://www.ehowenespanol.com/operar-torno-cnc-como_4820/

7.2) Briefly 2 alternatives to solve the same problem.

Actually, there were 2 methods to make the code of the piece around,
1.- Make the code manually, with the notes provided by the teacher.
2.- Make the piece in Solidworks and with the CAM option, HSM works, generate the code.
We made the code manually

7.3 EVIDENCES (Pictures, diagrams, drawings, videos, etc.)

7.3.1. Verification of the figure by means of the graph.

7.3.2. realization of measurements

 7.3.3 Adjusting the piece

7.3.4 Calibrating the zero piece

 7.3.5 Face of the piece

7.3.6 Realization of the piece

 7.3.7 Finished piece

Questionnaire
1. What teaching did I leave today's practice?
Since it was the first practice, it was learned: the calibration at zero, the facing, the programming
around, starting it to make a piece so far simple.
2. How do I interact with your work team?
Among all, we divided the work, some median, others programmed, among all we work.
3. How did you feel before, during and after practice?
Before, with a little fear since we did not know how to use the machines, for any accident that
happened to happen and then; more calm in every aspect, since we learned to use the
machines and safety standards that should always be kept in the laboratory
4. What difficulties do you have during practice and how do you deal with them?
There were several difficulties that were presented to us, such as calibration at zero, when the
program began, very large cuts were made that did not have to be done; so we had to use another
part of the material to redo the piece.
5. How do I react to peer criticism?
I think the same, since we learned the same thing and we always share the work in each practice
6. Based on what you see on what topic (s) you would like to know more?

Really if we would like to learn more about the cnc lathe, improve the jobs we do, perform more
practices so we do not have so many mistakes.

8.0 CONCLUSIONS
To conclude this practice, we can say that when we tried it for the second time, we
were left with the piece that we had to carry out for this practice, since the first one,
due to errors in calculation and measurement, was getting a bit smaller but in the
same way , we can also say that you should never forget to always use safety
equipment such as protective glasses since when cutting with the lathe, a lot of small
material is shot that can damage our eyes if we do not take the necessary
precautions.
9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] CORONA LUIS. (2013). «LA FRESADORA Y SUS PARTES ED MANERA SENCILLA. BLOGGER». CONSULTADO EL 23 DE MAYO DE
2018. http://lafresadora.blogspot.mx/2012/10/la-fresadora-y-sus-partes.html

[2] LASHERAS, JOSÉ MARÍA (2002). «MÁQUINAS HERRAMIENTAS: FRESADORAS». TECNOLOGÍA MECÁNICA Y METROTECNIA (8ª
ED EDICIÓN). ESPAÑA: EDITORIAL DONOSTIARRA.