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 FILOLOG

Izdava7 Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci

Publisher Filološki fakultet

Glavni urednik Mladenko Sadžak

General Editor

Odgovorni urednik Petar Penda

Editor-in-chief

Redakcija Terry Eagleton

Editorial Board Tatjana Bijeli
Andy Mousley
Ross Posnock
Dijana Crnjak
Radana Lukaji
Danilo Capasso
Kristina Mirni

Lektor Mijana Kuburi -Macura

Proofreading

Sekretar redakcije Igor Simanovi

Editorial Board Secretary Dijana Tica

Priprema za štampu Vedran !i"i

Prepress

Štampa Art-print, Banja Luka

Print

Rješenjem Ministarstva prosvjete i kulture Republike Srpske br: 07.030-053-160-

7/10, od 20. 04. 2010. godine, „Filolog” Banja Luka, upisan je u Registar javnih glasila
pod rednim brojem 593.
2
SADRŽAJ
Rije" urednika.....................................................................................................................5

KULTUROLOŠKE STUDIJE

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak:

Replika: sa osvrtom na prošlost i pogledom u budu8nost................................................. 9
Christopher Norris:
Deconstruction, logic, and ‘ordinary language’: Derrida on the limits of thought … ..... 18
Christine de Gemeaux :
Mort de la rhétorique et émergence de l’éloquence romantique en Allemagne?
La révolution du discours, de Kant au romantisme politique (179091815) ......................57

KNJIŽEVNOST

Svetozar Koljevi :
Orvelova 1984. – nau na fantastika, proro anstvo ili upozorenje? ...................................67
Saša Šmulja:
Antun Gustav Matoš i srpska kultura ................................................................................83
Sanja Macura:
Tipologija likova u romanima Slobodana Seleni8a ......................................................... 100
Biljana Doj!inovi -Neši :
Teaching feminist literary theory: a postcard from Serbia .............................................. 115
Roberto Russi:
Marcel Proust e la musica come modello per la letteratura ...........................................122
Elisabeth Gavoille:
Qui est donc l’eunuque? Ruse d’amour et art parasitique dans
L’Eunuque de Terence .......................................................................................................134

JEZIK I PRIMIJENJENA LINGVISTIKA

Tatjana Marjanovi :
Noun phrases in news reports in Serbian: words tightly packed ................................... 151
Jelena Šajinovi :
Odnos lingvistike i logike na polju modalnosti ............................................................. 162
Dijana Crnjak:
Turcizmi u leksici ku8e i poku8stva ................................................................................. 169 3
 Vanja Staniši :
Egejska pismenost i njeni dogr7ki koreni........................................................................ 182

PRIKAZ

Petar Penda:
Lingvostilisti7ka prou7avanja književnosti ..................................................................... 193
Željka Babi :
Leksi7ka semantika unutar lingvisti7ke teorije............................................................... 195

INTERVJU

Priredila Željka Babi :

Granica izme:u politike i lingvistike ............................................................................... 201
BiograÞje autora .............................................................................................................. 211
Uputstva za autore ..........................................................................................................215

4
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PD;T, @CNHE@;F; B;DH<, PD;T =HIAV @;T;,
SHRA LC @;T LI;I@A= BHT;=;, A @C BICD>IC=
HRA=; T; L;= OUAE> JA?;, T; L> HB; =H-
TD; A =CS;@; ODT; LUHOHT; A 4DOAI;.“ (IV,
264). 4UAR;@ C@F>EAI;E;= A L@;Q@C C=H-
JAIC L>LDCWC=H A > N>FHNAL> „+T &;PDC-
O; TH (CHPD;T;“, > SH=C M;FH< LUHOHT@H
SUARC: „(CHPD;T – ICTB; ICT;DCT! 1;H AE
HPDH=@C F;=@AJC THZHV > PD;T PTIC L;=
LUHOHT;@ A PTIC A SD;? PHBHDA OH?C
VDB;FLSA HT – =@HPAV VDB;FLSAV ’N;FDAH-
F;’“ (XI, 158). (CHPD;T IC E; M;FH<; LA=-
OHUAEHB;H LBC THODH <FH => LC TCLAUH >
FHS> TB;I> OHD;B;S; > HBH= PD;T>. 3CLFH
IC NCDLH@AXASHB;@ > GCPHBA= N>FHNAL-
@A= NAL=A=;, ; LUASC (CHPD;T; L> L@;Q-
@C A A=;PHFANAR@H-L>PCLFAB@C. FCSLF>
NAL=; AE MA@VC@;3 X>@SJAH@A<> S;H
LICW;G; SHIA=; L> NDHQCFA @AEHBA M;-
FH<CBAV A@XHD=;FAB@H-S>UF>DHUH<SAV
HNLCDB;JAI; H LDNLSHI >=ICF@HLFA A
UAFCD;D@HI NDHT>SJAIA > 4DOAIA. +B;SH
LC M;FH< LICW;H (CHPD;T;:
!; U;ZA =A LC RA@AUH T; IC S;?;BA (CH-
PD;T @CS; =AU; HLHO; SHI> @C =HP> T; E;PDUA=.
-;N;BAJ; A =;PU; =A @C T;I> T; IHI LC E;PUCT;= >
THODHW>T@H UAJC. K>PH, T>PH L;= NHL=;FD;H
(AICUA 2D;T SHIA LC NHT SAB@AIC= A LABAIC= @C-
OH= SHIC S;H T; A=;Z;<C FHP; T;@; SAI;BAJ>
E;BA > =;PUC@> O>@T>. " A<RCE@><C > F=><A
S;=C@AF; HDUHBLS; SDAU; TDBC@C FBDZ;BC,
NDCT HRA=; =A NHF;B@A KHDWHU, ; HT BCLCUHP
(AHPD;T; HLF;TC L;=H >LNH=C@;, >LNH=C@;
BA<C LU;FS; @CPH PHDS; (III, 82).
M;FH< LC BCH=; ODEH ;T;NFAD;H @;
(CHPD;T A ;F=HLXCD> SHI; IC BU;T;U; >
GC=>, @;DHRAFH @; H@C HSHU@HLFA >
SHIA=; LC HLICW;H S;H SHT S>WC – =HQT; A
3 ). 2. M;FH<: „ MA@VC@>, SD;IC= I;@>;D;
1898“, H&'&, IV, OD. 5, LFD. 76–77, 4;D;ICBH,
86 1. =;DF 1898. (III, 79–82).
BA<C @CPH > LHNLFBC@HI TH=HBA@A. M;-
FH<; IC HT><CBAU; @C>LA?C@; UCQCD-
@HLF S;H LFAU QABHF; NHICTA@AV OCH-
PD;TLSAV A@FCUCSF>;U;J; A >=ICF@AS;,
LUHOHT; SHIH= IC PU;B@A PD;T 4DOAIC HTA-
L;H LB;SA= LBHIA= T;=;DH= A SHI; IC OAU;
M;FH<CB UAR@A, ?>TLSA A UAFCD;D@A
ATC;U. !;IBA<C IC JAIC@AH A BHUAH D;L@>
C@CDPAI> A HDAPA@;U@HLF NHICTA@AV
LDNLSAV SGAQCB@AS; SHIA L> => A NHLF;-
UA OUALSA NDAI;FC?A, R;S A THODHFBHDA
> GCPHBA= T;@A=; HLS>TAJC, S;T; LC S;H
=U;T A LADH=;<;@, ;UA D;L;@ A C@CDPA-
R;@ UAFCD;F; NHI;BAH > (CHPD;T>. ,;@SH
#CLCUA@HBAW, 4FCB;@ 4DC=;J, ,HB;@
"UAW A TD>PA LDNLSA SGAQCB@AJA BCH-
=; ODEH L> >BATICUA T; IC M;FH< AE>EC-
F;@ =HTCD;@ SGAQCB@AS. " M;FH< IC
>BATAH AE>ECF@HLF LDNLSAV SGAQCB@AS;,
<FH IC K. ,CURAW BCH=; LUASHBAFH ALFA-
J;H:
\>TA S;H 6;DSH "UAW A (D;@ALU;B !><AW,
@C>=HD@A <;?ABRA@C A O>DPAI;@FA SHIA @AL> NH-
E@;B;UA @A NDAE@;B;UA @A<F; HSH LCOC <FH @C
OA, OCE NDCTH=A<?;G;, L=ICLF; QDFBHB;UA E;
ICT;@ THO;D BAJ SHIA WC >R;L NDHLFD>IAFA SDHE
JAICUA (CHPD;T FC AE;EB;FA CSLNUHEAIC L=AICV; –
F;SBA ?>TA A=NH@AD;UA L> M;FH<> BA<C HT LBC-
P; HLF;UHP;, ICD A L;= OAI;<C F;S;B. ", S;H F;S;B,
PHFHBH HL;=?C@ > NDCHEOA?@H= &;PDCO>, PD;T>
SHIA IC – >ND;BH NH M;FH<CBA= DAICRA=; – O;<
EOHP FC LBHIC BCUASC HEOA?@HLFA @;IL=IC<@AIA.
(1984: 113–114).
1HUASH LC M;FH< OAH LDHTAH L; (C-
HPD;TH= A OCHPD;TLSH= LDCTA@H=, PHBH-
DC @;= A C=HJAIC SHIC IC E;OA?CQAH @;
HTU;LS> AE (CHPD;T; A AE 4DOAIC S;H
LBHIC „TD>PC =;ISC“. M;FH< LC @AIC U;PHT-
@H HLICW;H, @C L;=H EOHP HSHU@HLFA NHT
SHIA=; IC OAH NDA@>ZC@ T; HTC AE (CH-
PD;T; A AE 4DOAIC <FH NDAIC, @CPH A E;FH
<FH IC HLICW;H S;H T; LC D;LF;IC L; OUA-
LSH= A NDAI;FC?LSH= HLHOH=. 4ICW;H LC
ODHI@AV NDAI;FC?; SHIC IC F> LFCS;H,
=ICLF; A >LNH=C@;, BICDHB;F@H A @C
LU>FCWA T; WC LC ICT@HP T;@; NH@HBH BD;-
FAFA A @;LF;@AFA > (CHPD;T>. !; FH=
D;LF;@S> M;FH< LC @C=A@HB@H =HD;H
 8/,(/ 9(+,&# :&,"; - +%)+5& 5(0,(%&
NDALICFAFA A OHU@HP D;LF;@S; L; LBHIH=
VDB;FLSH= TH=HBA@H= A L; &;PDCOH=,
PD;TH= LBHIAV @;I?CN<AV L@HB; A
@;INUC=C@AFAIAV ATC;U;. 'H NDALICW;GC
LC UAFCD;DAEHB;UH > ICT;@ HT @;I?CN<AV
M;FH<CBAV A=;Q; H LDNLSH-VDB;FLSHI
OUALSHLFA H SHIHI @;IRC<WC @AIC PHBHDAH
;XAD=;FAB@H:
+FAWA AE &;PDCO; > (AHPD;T – FH IC HFAWA
AE HF;YOA@C > HF;YOA@>. MA A 4DOA L=H S;H
H@A I;P;GJA SHIA =HP> T; LAL;I> TBAIC =;ISC.
+LF;B?;= A TD>P> =;IS>. 3>T@HB;FH =A IC NDC=-
T; O;< @AICL;= ’>=A?;FH I;PGC’. 4ICW;I>WA LC
=CZ> A@AIC= A <SHUC, RA@A =A LC SHT LB;SHP
N?>LS; T>@;BLSAICV B;UHB; T; IC TH=HBA@LS;
?>O;B > SB;TD;F@H= D;E=ICD> L >T;?C@H<W> HT
HF;YOA@C (III, 82).
1HUCSFAB@H N;=WCGC LDNLSHP @;DH-
T;, SHIC IC LBHI> LBICQA@> L;R>B;UH FHSH=
@CSHUASH BAICSHB; O>D@C @;JAH@;U@C
ALFHDAIC, @; NHRCFS> 20. BAICS; >EO;<FA-
@AUH IC A LICW;GC @; AE>ECF@H E@;R;I@C
THP;Z;IC > PHTA@;=; OHDOC E; N>@> @CE;-
BAL@HLF A HLUHOHZCGC. M;FH< IC OAH
LBICTHS FAV BCUASAV THP;Z;I; > 4DOAIA,
;UA IC ALFHDAILSH A S>UF>D;U@H N;=WCGC
H SH=C T;@;L RAF;=H > GCPHBH= TICU> TH-
LCE;UH FCS TH (;US;@LSAV D;FHB;. 'A D;-
FHBA L> NHL?CTGA HT BCUASAV THP;Z;I; H
SHIA=; IC M;FH< NHLBICTHRAH > LBH=C
TICU>, O>T>WA T; IC >=DH @CSHUASH =IC-
LCJA NDAIC 4;D;ICBLSHP ;FC@F;F;, HT@H-
L@H NDAIC NHRCFS; 5DBHP; LBICFLSHP D;F;.
M;FH<CBC SH@FDHBCDE@C OA?C<SC S;-
D;SFCDA<C LF;U@H NDAL>F@; FCQG; T; Tâ
HNAN?ABC THS;EC A T; LFBHDA N;D;TAP=>
> SHIHI WC LC NHS;E;FA „HPUCT;UH ATC@FA-
FCF;“ 4DO; A [DB;F;. 5DA FH=C IC M;FH<
RCLFH A@LALFAD;H @; CF@H@;JAH@;U@H=
;UFCDAFCF> A @; S>UF>D@H-ALFHDAILSHI
;LA=CFDAIA LDNLSHP A VDB;FLSHP CF@AJA-
FCF;, @;IRC<WC ALFAJ;@HI > SHDALF VDB;F-
LSHP @;JAH@;U@HP OAW;. 'C HN<FC HTUA-
SC M;FH<CBHP NHA=;G; LDNLSHP CF@AJA-
FCF; A ATC@FAFCF;, NHFN>@H L> SH=N;FA-
OAU@C L; H@A=; SHIC IC AED;Q;B;H >
LBHIA= A=;QA=; H LDNLSHI ALFHDAIA A
S>UF>DA. 5DHFABDAICRI; A L>SHOA, @;LFH-
I;GC T; LC HTDCZC@A ;LNCSFA LDNLSHP @;-
JAH@;U@HP OAW; NDCBDCT@>I> A NHICT@H-
LF;BC, LBC FH IC >PD;ZC@H > GCPHBC HN<FC
A NHICTA@;R@C LUASC H 4DOA=;. 4BC FC
LUASC L> AE>ECF@H E@;R;I@C NDA A=;PH-
UH<SH= A S>UF>DHUH<SH= L;PUCT;B;G>
M;FH<CBHP TICU;, ; E@;R;I@C L> A > A@-
FCDNDCF;FAB@H= @;LFHI;G> T; LC <FH
NHFN>@AIC L;PUCT; UAFCD;D@A ;LNCSF
GCPHBHP HN>L;. 5; AN;S, FDCO; @;PU;LA-
FA T; L> LFCDCHFANA, S;H FC=;FLSH-=H-
FABLSC ICTA@AJC > M;FH<CBA= FCSLFHBA-
=;, X>@SJAH@AL;UA > GA=; S;H FC=C?@A
LALFC= >LNHLF;B?;G; NHCFARSHP ;UFC-
DAFCF;. 4FCDCHFANA S;H UAFCD;D@C LUA-
SC A=;I> NHFN>@H TD>P;RAI> X>@SJAI>,
L;TDQ;I A E@;RCGC > CPE;SF@H= L;PUCT;-
B;G> A F>=;RCG> LUASC H TD>PH=. 4FHP;
=HD;=H S;E;FA T; L> M;FH<CBC LUASC H
4DOA=; SD;IGC DCU;FAB@A NHI=HB@A,
E@;RCGLSA A L;TDQ;I@A A=;QA, NHICT@H-
LF;B?C@C A NHBD<@C NDCTLF;BC SHIA=;
NAL;J NDCFC@T>IC T; L;PUCT; HN<FC HT-
UASC SHUCSFABAFCF; H SH=C PHBHDA. ';I
PHBHD L;TDQA CUC=C@FC SHIA @A > SH=
LU>R;I> @C =HP> T; NHLF;@> DCUCB;@F@A
RA@AHJA > CPE;SF@H= L;PUCT;B;G> HLH-
OC@HLFA HTDCZC@HP SHUCSFABAFCF;. M;-
FH<CBC LUASC H 4DOA=;, H GAVHBHI ALFH-
DAIA A S>UF>DA, FH L> NDCTLF;BC ICT@HP
SGAQCB@AS;, SHIA IC R;S A CPE;SF@C
RAGC@AJC L; SHIA=; LC >NHE@;H UAFCD;-
DAEHB;H SDHE NDAE=> SD;IGC L>OICSFA-
B@HLFA A ATCHUH<SC BICDC > TH=A@;JAI>
VDB;FLSHP S>UF>D@HP OAW; @;T LDNLSA=.
***
5DA NDH>R;B;G> M;FH<CBHP N>OUA-
JALFARSHP TICUHB;G;, S;H A NDA NDH>-
R;B;G> GCPHBHP SGAQCB@HP HN>L; >
JICUA@A, E@;R;I@; IC RAGC@AJ; SHI;
>S;E>IC @; ATCHUH<S> >FC=C?C@HLF M;-
FH<CBHP TICU; A TICUHB;G; > HSDA?>
LF;DRCBAW;@LFB;. L;=H= M;FH<CBH=
HN>L> @;= LC L;LBA= I;L@H A E;VB;U@H
HFB;D;I> NCDLNCSFABC GCPHBHP SH=NUCS- 87
 !"! #$%&!
L@HP HT@HL; NDC=; 4F;DRCBAW> S;H A
HNAN?AB ATCHUH<SA „DC?CX“ SHIA VDB;-
FLSA NAL;J PD;TA > HT@HL> NDC=; 4DOA-
=;, NDC=; GAVHBHI ALFHDAIA A S>UF>DA.
M;FH< IC @; UAFCD;D@H= NU;@> @;IBA<C
ATC@FAXASHB;H H@C ATCIC SHIC L> ;XAD-
=AL;UC @;JAH@;U@A NDCNHDHT A FH L;
ATCI;=; SHIC L> LC > SGAQCB@HLFA DC;UA-
EHB;UC S;H @CN;FBHDC@H DHTH?>O?C A
D;L@; NDAN;T@HLF HTDCZC@HI @;JAIA
(S>UF>DA). !; M;FH<; IC AE>ECF@H L@;Q-
@H >FAJ;U; UAR@HLF MHDAL; (;DCL;
(Maurice Barrès), RAIC IC BAF;UALFARSC
ATCIC L;PUCT;B;H NDAIC LBCP; > VDB;FLSH=
SH@FCSLF>, O;< S;H <FH AV IC 4SCDUAW
A@SHDNHDAD;H > LDNLSH @;JAH@;U@H A
S>UF>D@H FSABH @; NHRCFS> 20. BAICS;.
FCSLF> SHIA NHS;E>IC @; SHIA @;RA@ A NDC-
SH SHIAV ATCI; LC VDB;FLSA @;JAH@;UALF;
ATC@FAXAS>IC L; (;DCLH=, #CUAOHD
2UAPHDAW S;QC T; IC M;FH< NDAVB;FAH
(;DCLHBC
ATCIC H DCPC@CD;JAIA @;DHT;, @;DHT@HI C@CD-
PAIA, DHT@H= SD;I> S;H <SHUA N;FDAHFAE=;,
ICTA@LFB> UAR@HLFA A EC=?C, V;D=H@AIA
AE=CZ> E;BAR;I@HP NCIE;Q; A ?>TLSC T><C, PU;-
L> EC=?C, NHD>S;=; NDCT;S; AFT. (;DCLHBC
ATCIC H @;JAH@;U@HI C@CDPAIA NDAVB;FAH IC L
TD>PC LFD;@C 4SCDUAW, FC LC > FH=C @;<;H L;
LBHIA= @CNH=AD?ABA= NDHFAB@ASH= @; ALFH=
FCDC@>. LDNLSHI A VDB;FLSHI SGAQCB@HLFA >
NDBA= TCJC@AI;=; HBHP BCS; =HP> LC @;WA I;SA
>FAJ;IA (;DCLHBAV ATCI; (1975: 51).
(;DCLHBC ATCIC L>, T;SUC, E;QABICUC
A SHT [DB;F; A SHT 4DO;, N; LC =HQC DCWA
T; LC NH GA=; A =;FH<-LSCDUAWCBLSH
@;L?CZC =HQC L;PUCT;FA > TD>P;RAIC=
HED;RI>. LBICFU> OHDOC E; <FH E@;R;I@AIA
LFCNC@ @;JAH@;U@C L;=HLF;U@HLFA, A >
[DB;FLSHI A > 4DOAIA HBC ATCIC @;U;EC
NUHT@H FUH A BCH=; U;SH LC @; GC=>
„NDA=;I>“. M;FH<CBH SGAQCB@H TICUH,
N; A GCPHB; N>OUAJALFARS; TICU;F@HLF,
HOAU>I> DHTH?>OABH= C@CDPAIH= A BAF;-
UALFARSH= =AL;H@H<W>. [DB;FLSA NA-
L;J IC PHFHBH LB> LBHI> UAR@> A LNAL;FC-
88 ?LS> C@CDPAI> >PD;ZAB;H > @;JAH@;U@A
;@P;Q=;@ A CF@HJC@FDAR@A ;LNCSF UA-
FCD;D@HLFA4.
$BDHNLSA SH@FA@C@F > TD>PHI NHUH-
BA@A 19. BAICS; E;VB;FAU; IC NUA=; @;JA-
H@;UAE=;, RAIA L> ATCHUHEA OAUA /D;@-
J>EA $D@CLF %C@;@ A MHDAL (;DCL. !;-
JAH@;UAE;= LC TCFCD=A@AL;H S;H SHUCS-
FAB@H HLICW;GC AUA HLICW;GC NDAN;T@H-
LFA SHT NHUAFARSAV S;H A SHT ICEARSH-
S>UF>D@AV @;JAH@;U@AV C@FAFCF;. "LNH-
?;B;H LC > BCUAR;G> LHNLFBC@C @;JAIe A
> D;EUARAFA= HOUAJA=; @ANHT;<F;B;G;
TD>PAV. 1DAE; > TD><FBC@A= HT@HLA=; >
4 HSBADA=; FCHDAILSHP =A<?CG; H NDA-
DHTA ?>TLSHP OAW;, H GCPHBA= A@TABAT>-
;U@A=, CF@ARSA=, N; A D;L@A= HLHOA@;=;
> CBDHNLSHI @;>JA NHLFHIC ODHI@A NHSDCFA
A ATCHUHPAIC. +BC FCHDAIC A GAVHB; NHUA-
FARS; >NHFDCO; HEOA?@H L> NHU;DAEHB;UC
A NHTBHIAUC CBDHNLS> LBAICLF M;FH<CBHP
BDC=C@; >EDHS>I>WA @CS; @CP;FAB@; HLIC-
W;G; > S>UF>D@H= QABHF> HBC CNHVC, ;UA A
TD>PC HEOA?@C A T;UCSHLCQ@C NHL?CTAJC.
#CUASA ODHI CBDHNLSAV A@FCUCSF>;U;J;
HBC CNHVC D;EBAI; L@;Q@> A VH=HPC@> SHL-
=HNHUAFLS> LBAICLF SHI; LC HPUCT; > GA-
VHBH= V>=;@AE=> A GAVHBHI THL?CT@HI
LSUH@HLFA HLBC<F;@A= ATC;UA=; /D;@-
J>LSC DCBHU>JAIC, THS IC F;SHZC BCUASA
ODHI A H@AV A@FCUCSF>;U;J; SHIA SDCAD;I>
ATCHUH<SC HSBADC E; LBHIC D;LAI;UALFARSC
A @;JAH@;UALFARSC FCHDAIC. "LFHBDC=C-
@H, T;SUC, L; I;R;GC= LBAICLFA H ?>TLSHI
ICT@;SHLFA A D;B@HND;B@HLFA <ADA LC
>RCGC H ?>TLSHI D;E@HUASHLFA A H BDAIC-
T@HL@HI VAICD;DVAIA ?>TLSAV D;L;. L;-
=H= RA@> NDAVB;F;G; FHP >RCG; > NHUA-
FARSH= AUA N;S B>UP;D@H= SH@FCSLF> NH-
RCF;S IC @AE; @CNDCTBAT?ABAV THP;Z;I;
SHIA BCH=; RCLFH A > E;BAL@HLFA HT =CZ>-
@;JAH@;U@HP SH@FCSLF; THBHTA A TH S;F;-
LFDHX;U@AV NHL?CTAJ; (NHN>F @;JAE=; >
*C=;RSHI). BALHSA= CBDHNLSA= S>UF>-
D;=; S;SBC L> OAUC GC=;RS; A XD;@J>LS;,
A NHDCT @CE;TDQABH NDHPDCLAB@HP A@FC-
UCSF>;U@HP S>DL;, > HBH= D;ETHO?> IH<
>BAICS LC HLICW; NDAL>LFBH ;F;BALFARSC
LBAICLFA A =DQGC NDC=; KD>PH=, SHI; LC
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 8/,(/ 9(+,&# :&,"; - +%)+5& 5(0,(%&
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FHB;U; IC D;TAS;UAE;JAIH= @;JAH@;UA-
LFARSAV HLICW;G; <FH WC > =@HPA= CB-
DHNLSA= EC=?;=; PC@CDAL;FA @HBC F;-
U;LC =CZ>@;JAH@;U@AV =DQGA A LFD;-
VHB;. !;JAH@;UAE;= LC ALNH?;B;H A S;H
SLC@HXHOAR;@ HOUAS =DQGC NDC=; LBC-
=> TD>PH= A TD>P;RAIC=. !; XD;@J>LSHI
LFD;@A LC NHLUAIC NHD;E; HT 5D>L; SHT
4CT;@; D;EBAU; A@FC@EAB@; PCD=;-
@HXHOAI;, ; HT KD;IX>LHBC ;XCDC =HQC-
=H PHBHDAFA A H L@;Q@AIHI I>TCHXHOAIA
ICT@HP TAICU; XD;@J>LSHP =GCG;. KD>-
PAV HOUAS; SLC@HXHOAIC > /D;@J>LSHI,
S;H ICT@HI HT BHTCWAV CBDHNLSAV NHUA-
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5 .BCF;@ 'HTHDHB IC >S;E;H @; D;EUARAFC
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E;N;T@HI $BDHNA, ; D;LAE;= ICT;@ >@ABCD-
E;U@H D;LNDHLFD;GC@ HOUAS NH@;<;G;.
%;LAI;UAE;= LC =;@AXCLFHB;H S;H @;>R@;
THSFDA@;, ;UA S;H „THSFDA@; SHUCSFAB@C
NLAVHUHPAIC“ SHI; IC NHTD;E>=AICB;U; D;E-
UARAFHLF ?>TLSAV D;L; A VAICD;DVAI> NH
SHIHI L> H@C @;>R@H BDCT@HB;@C, NDA RC=>
LC D;LC @;IRC<WC NHDCTC NH HOD;LJ> L>-
NDHFLF;B?;G; GAVHBAV =CZ>LHO@AV SB;-
UAFCF;. %;LAI;UAE;= > /D;@J>LSHI NHRAGC
L; 6HDQ-->IC= (AXH@H= (Buffon), NALJC=
PD;@TAHE@C C%-%"'/* -+,"%-2* (Histoire
naturelle, générale et particulière, 1749–
1778). (AXH@ IC L=;FD;H T; IC ?>TLSA DHT
ICTA@LFBC@, ;UA T; =CZ> ?>TA=; A ?>TLSA=
D;L;=; NHLFHIA BDAICT@HL@; VAICD;DVAI;
SHI; LC >HR;B; > D;EUARAFA= LFCNC@A=;
GAVHBC LHJAI;U@C LFD>SF>DC A SHUCSFAB-
@C D;JAH@;U@HLFA. #HUFCD (Voltaire) IC
AED;EAFA CF@HJC@FDAE;=, @;JAH@;UA-
E;=, FC AE@;T LBCP; LDOHXHOAI;. 4BC HBC
CUC=C@FC, S;H <FH WC=H BATICFA, @;U;-
EA=H A > TICU> ). 2. M;FH<;. 4F;DRCBAW A
GCPHBA L?CTOC@AJA TICUHB;UA L> > BDC-
=C@> S;T; L> LC F;SHZC L@;Q@H ALNH?AUC
A H@C TD><FBC@C FC@TC@JAIC, NHLCO@H
AED;QC@C NDCT 5DBA LBICFLSA D;F, SHIC
L> BHTAUC S; EOUAQ;B;G> A >ICTAGCG>
I>Q@HLUHBC@LSAV @;DHT; > ICT@HI <ADHI
NHUAFARSHI E;ICT@AJA S;SB; WC NHLUAIC
5DBHP LBICFLSHP D;F; NHLF;FA 1D;?CBA@;
4DO;, [DB;F; A 4UHBC@;J;, ; NHFH= A
,>PHLU;BAI;.
4BC ATCHUHPAIC SHIC L> LC NHI;BAUC A
A@FC@EAB@H E;QABICUC > ND;SLA, OAF@H
L> >FAJ;UC @; LFB;D;GC NHU;DAFCF; >
HBHI CNHVA, SHI> IC TCXA@AL;UH L@;Q@H
V>=;@ALFARSH ICEPDH, ;UA A I;L@H ALNH-
?C@C @;E;T@C FC@TC@JAIC A SH@ECDB;-
FAB@H >HLICW;GC TD>PHP A TD>P;RAICP.
+B;SB; TD><FBC@; A A@FCUCSF>;U@;
LFB;D@HLF WC LC LBHIH= L@;PH= A A@FC@-
EAFCFH= FD;I@H >DCE;FA > S>UF>D;U@H
F;SHZC D;LAI;UALF; A E;LF>N; FCHDAI> NH-
UAPC@CEC, FI. FCHDAI> H D;EUARAFH=
NHDAICSU> NHICTA@AV D;L; AE RCP; NDHAEA-
U;EA GAVHB; L>NCDAHD@HLF, HT@HL@H A@-
XCDAHD@HLF. TD>PHI NHUHBA@A XIX BAICS;
D;LAI;UAE;= LC S;H THSFDA@; I;B?; > ;UFC-
DAFCF> (AXH@HBC A #HUFCDHBC SH@JCNJAIC
A FH SHT 2ALF;B; UC (H@; (Le Bon), $D@CLF;
%C@;@; A )DFAD; TC 2HOA@H; (Gobineau).
&;ICT@ARS; JDF; LBAV D;LAI;UALFARSAV
FCHDAI; ICLFC ALFAJ;GC RAGC@AJC H NH-
LFHI;G> ICT@C L>NCDAHD@C D;LC SHI> L>
>PU;B@H= RA@AUA A@THCBDHNLSA @;DHTA
(NDAN;T@AJA OAICUC D;LC), FC A@XCDAHD-
@AV D;L; SHI> L> RA@AUA „NDA=AFAB@A“,
„@CJABAUAEHB;@A“ A „@CS>UF>D@A“ @;DH-
TA. $BDHNA LC, L;=A= FA=, @AL> =HPUe
HRCSAB;FA S;F;LFDHX;U@C NHL?CTAJC
D;LAI;UALFARSHP =A<?CG;, ;UA L> E;FH
HBC SH@JCNJAIC AE;EAB;UC HLICW;I @CU;PH-
TC A LFDCNGC SHT A@FCUCSF>;U;J; V>=;@A-
LF;, ICD L> NDCTLF;B?;UC LBHICBDL@H HND;-
BT;GC SHUH@AI;UALFARSAV HLB;I;G; SHI;
L>, > HBH= D;ETHO?> @;DHRAFH A@FC@EAB-
@H, NHT>EA=;UC BCUASC CBDHNLSC BHI@C
LAUC. 89
 !"! #$%&!
N;=WCGC A @;L?CZC > $BDHNA @; NDC-
SDCF@AJA BAICSHB; A @;WA LBHI HTD;E >
TICUA=; =@HPAV >=ICF@AS;. )@F>@ 2>LF;B
M;FH< IC LFB;D;H > FH@HBA=; @;I?CN<AV
A @;IV>=;@AIAV NHCFLSAV ATCI; A >
GAVHBH= SH@FD;N>@SF> L; =D;R@A= =;-
@AXCLF;JAI;=; NHP>O@AV ATCHUHPAI;,
;SF>CU@AV > NUHT@HI QABHF@HI A LFB;D;-
U;RSHI THOA HBHP NALJ;. !CHNVHT@H IC
@;PU;LAFA T; IC M;FH< >ALFA@> OAH LH-
UAT;@ NHE@;B;U;J HBC CBDHNLSC CNHVC A
GC@ BICD;@ SDAFAR;D, DCB@HL;@ OA?C-
Q@AS ODHI@AV NHI;B; A THP;Z;I;, L?CT-
OC@AS GC@AV L@;Q@AV, ;UA NDHFABDIC-
R@AV A=N>UL;. GCPHBH= TICU> LC HRAF>IC
L@;P; A SB;UAFCF ICT@HP C@HD=@HP SB;@-
F>=; E@;G;, S;H A >=ICF@ARS; FCQG; S;
>HLICW;G> BDC=C@; > SH=C IC QABAH A
LFB;D;H 9 NDADHT@; NHFDCO; T; E;OA-
?CQA A NDHSH=C@F;DA<C, HNA<C A BDCT-
@>IC, T; OCE D;E=A<?;G; NHZC E; LBHIA=
@;IE@;R;I@AIA= ATC;UH= – LUHOHTH= PH-
BHD; A =A<?CG;. 4B;S; M;FH<CB; SH@-
FDHBCDE; S;H A LB;S; M;FH<CB; UAFCD;D-
@; OD;B>D; @;LF;U; IC S;H NHL?CTAJ;
ICT@C HT HBAV GCPHBAV FCQGA A
>=ICF@ARSAV NHDAB;, ;UA > FH=C A ICLFC
NDABU;R@; L@;P; SGAQCB@HP TICU; HBHP
;>FHD;.
***
!; ATCHUH<SH= NU;@>, @; M;FH<CB
D;T @;IE@;R;I@AIC IC >FAJ;H )@FC 4F;DRC-
BAW, FC ND;B;<FBH S;H A@LFAF>JAH@;U-
@A HOUAS UCPAFA=@HP LF;DRCBAW;@LFB; >
[DB;FLSHI. 5D;B;<FBH IC OAUH @;IE@;-
R;I@AIA UHPALFARSA JC@F;D > VDB;FLSHI
OHDOA E; @;JAH@;U@; ND;B; A @;JAH@;U-
@H HLUHOHZCGC. M;FH< IC A@FC@EAB@H
;XAD=AL;H ND;B;<SC ATCIC, ; OHD;BCWA >
4DOAIA >RA@AH IC A „SHD;S T;?C“ > HT@H-
L> @; LBHP; ATCHUH<SHP NDCFVHT@AS;.
M;FH<CBH ND;B;<SH ATCHUH<SH HNDC-
TIC?CGC HLFB;D>IC LC SDHE @CP;JAI>
LDNLSHP @;JAH@;U@HP A S>UF>D@HP OAW;,
L>NDHFLF;B?;GC=, SUCBCF;=;, LFCDCHFA-
90 NA=; A TD>PA= @;JAH@;UALFARSA= CS-
LJCLA=;. "TCHUHEA A@LFAF>JAH@;U@HP
ND;B;<FB; OAUA L>, > NDBH= DCT>, $>PC@
1B;FCD@AS A )@FC 4F;DRCBAW, ; TBAIC
PU;B@C ATCIC L; SHIA=; L> @;LF>N;UA OAUC
L> FCHDAIC H FEB. VDB;FLSH= ALFHDAILSH=
TDQ;B@H= ND;B> A H „VDB;FLSH= NHUA-
FARSH= @;DHT>“. S;NAF;U@HI SGAEA
E%#&,+5" )%&#&;,#" - <%=- K><;@
(CDAW IC NDCJAE@H HTDCTAH HSBADC ND;-
B;<SC @;JAH@;UALFARSC A D;LALFARSC
ATCHUHPAIC, GC@C „LF>OHBC @HL;RC“ A AE-
BHDC @; SHIA=; L> LC HOD;EHB;UA 1B;FCD-
@AS A 4F;DRCBAW. 'H IC @; NDBH= =ICLF>
FCHDAI; „NHUAFARSC @;JAIC“ M;Z;D;
,HECX; $FBC<; (Eötvös), SHIC=> LC NDA-
TD>Q>I> GC=;RSA ALFHDAR;D ,;SHO /A-
UAN /;U=CD;ICD (Fallmerayer), FC -C>EH@
-C KAS (Le Duc). %;LND;B; ,HECX; $FBC-
<; !,-7&2 #0&'&2(.-4 -'*2& 19. #-2*5& /&
'%B&#( E;L@AB; LC @; SH@JCNJAIA T; L>-
BCDC@AFCF „NHUAFARSC @;JAIC“ NDAN;T;
BU;T;I>WC= @;DHT>, <FH WC DCWA T; IC >
1D;?CBA@A P;DLSHI FH A=;H =;Z;DLSA
@;DHT, THS OA NHUAFARSHI =;Z;DLSHI
@;JAIA NDAN;T;UA A LBA TD>PA PD;Z;@A,
OCE HOEAD; @; ICEARS> A @;DHT@HL@> NDA-
N;T@HLF ((CDAW 2005: I, 248), ICD NHI;=
@;JAIC LC >BAICS BCE>IC >E NHI;= TDQ;BC,
FH ICLF @C >E ICTA@LFBH ICEARSC E;ICT@AJC.
KDQ;B@HLF VDB;FLSC NHUAFARSC @;JAIC
NHS><;B;UA L> HLFB;DAFA A VDB;FLSA NH-
UAFAR;DA, > NDBH= DCT> )@FC 4F;DRCBAW.
'H IC NHTD;E>=AICB;UH SH=NUCSL;@ A T>-
PHDHR;@ NU;@ T; LC @; NDBH= =ICLF> NDC-
SA@C =;Z;DLS; S>UF>D@; A NHUAFARS;
TH=A@;JAI; @;T [DB;FA=;, ; NHFH= A T;
LC HLF;UC @;DHT@HL@C LS>NA@C > [DB;-
FLSHI, @; NDBH= =ICLF> 4DOA, NHUAFARSA
NDHPU;LC VDB;FLSH= @;JAIH= A NDAE@;I>
L>BCDC@AFCF [DB;F; @;T [DB;FLSH=.
„4F;DRCBAW WC, 1868, > FCSLF> J$* <%=
NDC@AICFA HB> $FBC<HB> FCHDAI> > VDB;F-
LS> LFB;D@HLF“ (Ibid.) A NH >PUCT> @; $F-
BC<HB L;@ H =;Z;DLSHI NHUAFARSHI @;JA-
IA @;RA@AFA GCPHB> VDB;FLS> B;DAI;@F>:
5H GCPHBHI FCHDAIA, > D;@H= LDCTGC=
BAICS> IC ’PHLNHTAB<; N;L=A@;’ L;RAG;B;U;
VDB;FLSA @;DHT.!; ICT@> NCFA@> LF;@HB@A<FB;
 8/,(/ 9(+,&# :&,"; - +%)+5& 5(0,(%&
PHLNHT;DCWC VDB;FLSC D;LC TH<UC L> RCFADA NC-
FA@C ’E;DHO;’ 4DO;, NH 4F;DRCBAW> – L;=; DAICR
@AIC CF@ARSA NHI;=, @CPH HE@;R;B; LHJAI;U@A
LF;F>L DHOHB;. +@ IC HBA= N;=XUCFH= @CFDNC-
?ABHLF NDC=; LDNLSH= @;DHT> >ETAP;H @; @ABH
PHFHBH D;LALFARSHP U>TAU; A >N;UAH B;FD> D;L-
@C =DQGC (Ibid. 250).
!; L;=HP M;FH<; 4F;DRCBAW IC >FA-
J;H NHTLFAJ;I@H A SH@SDCF@H. 4F;DRCBA-
WCBA= >RCGC= HOUASHB;@A L> =@HPA
A=;QA SHIC IC M;FH< E;OA?CQAH H 4DOA-
=; S;H H @;JAH@;U@H=, S>UF>D@H= A D;L-
@H= ;UFCDAFCF>. M;FH< @AS;T; @AIC PH-
BHDAH H 4F;DRCBAW> S;H @;>R@AS, @CPH
S;H L?CTOC@AS ICT@C ATCIC A NH<FHB;-
U;J E; GCP; @CHLNHD@HP ;>FHDAFCF;.
1;SH PHT L> LC $FBC<HBC FCHDAIC NDCUAUC
> 4F;DRCBAWCB FCHDAILSA TALS>DL, H@C L>
LC HT;FUC NH ALFH= NDA@JAN> „LNHIC@AV
NHL>T;“ D;LAI;UAE=; T;?C NDCUAB;UC >
VDB;FLS> LFB;D@HLF, VDB;FLSH TD><FBH,
N; F;SH A > M;FH<CBH TICUH. M;FH<CB;
LUAS; H 4DOA=; S;H LUAS; H TD>PH= OAU;
IC >PU;B@H= HODC=CGC@; LF;DRCBA-
W;@LSA= @;L?CZC=, N; LC F;SH =HD; A F>-
=;RAFA. M;FH<CB UAFCD;D@A O;DH=CF;D
OAH IC AL>BA<C HLICF?AB S>UF>D;U@A
„=CV;@AE;=“ SHIA IC OA?CQAH A @;I=;GC
BAOD;JAIC > VDB;FLSH=, LDNLSH= A, >HN-
<FC, CBDHNLSH= TD><FB>. )UA, HB; CD>-
NJAI; D;LAI;UALFARSAV >RCG; A QCLFH-
SHP @;JAH@;UAE=; HLF;BAU; IC E@;R;I;@
A @CAEODALAB FD;P > GCPHBH= HN>L> A
ICT@> TAB@> =;FH<CBLS> ALFHDAI> S>UF>-
DC, ; @;DHRAFH LUAS> TD>PHP > GC@H= UA-
FCD;D@H= =HE;AS> @;RA@AU; S;DAS;F>-
D;U@A= @;UARIC= NHCFLSHP A S>UF>D;U-
@HP =A<?CG;. 1;H <FH IC @;JAH@;UAE;=
OAH SH@LF;@F;, HB;I PDHFCLS@A D;LAE;=
OAH IC LNHD; TAR@;, ;UA AE>ECF@H L@;Q@;
=;@AXCLF;JAI; LF;DRCBAW;@LSC ATCHUH-
PAIC > TICU> ). 2. M;FH<;.
#HTCWA D;R>@; NDCB;LVHT@H H FH=C
T; VDB;FLSH @;JAH@;U@H ND;BH A VDB;F-
LS; NHUAFARS; @;JAI; THOAI> ALFHDAILS>
NHEAJAI> SHI> L> NDAQC?SAB;UA VDB;F-
LSA A@FCUCSF>;UJA A >=ICF@AJA, M;FH<
IC HSH 4F;DRCBAW; BATAH HDCHU @;JAH-
@;U@HP I>@;S; A BHTCWCP ATCHUHP;. #CW
HT NDBAV L?CTOC@AS; 4F;DRCBAW IC E;TH-
OAH U;LS;B> FAF>U> „HJ;“ VDB;FLSHP @;-
JAH@;UAE=; A VDB;FLSC TH=HBA@C A F;SH
IC FH HLF;UH A TH T;@;L.6 4F;DRCBAWCBH
A=C M;FH< IC > LBH=C TICU> HOCL=DFAH A
HBICSHBICRAH, >ND;BH > E@;S E;VB;U@HLFA
A NH<FHB;G;, ICD IC HB;I „> AUADAE=>
>LSDALAH A HT LU;BHLDN<FA@C L;R>B;H
A=C VDB;FLSH“ (VII, 124). $BH <F; IC @;NA-
L;H M;FH<:
)@FC 4F;DRCBAW IC FAN NDAICU;E@HP BDC-
=C@;. K>VHB@A LA@ >FHNALFARSC, BCUCT><-
@C PHT. 1848, A=; =@HPH H@HTHO@C THSFDA-
@;D@C @;FD>VC. " E; HB;I BCUASA T>V OAI;<C
LSHS AE S=CFLSC, N;FDAI;DV;U@C [DB;FLSC > =H-
TCD@H THO;, NDC@;P;H. ';JAF => IC OUAQA HT
B;Q@AV =HTCD@AV T>VHB;. !CSC @HBC LFD>IC IC
VHFA=AJC AP@HDHB;H. MHD;UALFARSHI GCPHBHI
NHUAFAJA BDUH IC LDHT;@ %>LH, S;H A H@ T><=;-
@A@ SHD>NFAB@HP =H=C@F; > JABAUAE;JAIA. 6C-
@CBJ; D;TH JAFAD;, ; GCPHB APDHS;E <*"+5- )%"-
%"5 @HLA ALFA @;LUHB S;H HNCD; Devin du
Village. 1;SH LC A 4F;DA D;EBAI;H, GCPHBH LVB;-
W;GC @;<CP @;JAH@;UAE=; @AIC L;LBA= I;L@H
TCXA@AD;@H. [DB;FA L> > LFB;DA SHT GCP; L;T
ALFH H@H <FH 2;ICBA "UADA, FI. [DB;FA L> –
,>PHLU;BC@A, LBA ,>PHLU;BC@A L> [DB;FA, L;T;
N;S L;=H H@A ,>PHLU;BC@A <FH >U;EC > NHTD>RIC
EC=;?; VDB;FLSHP ND;B;. %;L@A, NUC=C@LSA A
NHUAFARSA, TDQ;B@HND;B@A =H=C@;F @AL>
DAICFSH ;=;UP;=AD;@A > FHI @;JAH@;UALFARSHI
=ALUA. FH=C NAF;G> PHBHDA L;T; S;H 2HOA@H
A 2>=NUHBAJ, L;T; S;H %C@;@, N; ATC@FAXA-
S;FHDA TDQ;B@C A @;DHT@C =ALUA. HJIC@A
HLHOC HOHQ;B;@HP !;NHUCH@; III A GCPHBC
6 &;@A=?ABH IC T; IC )@FC 4F;DRCBAW OAH A
LDNLSC SDBA, @;A=C, GCPHB; =;IS; MAUAJ;
NHFARC AE LDNLSC ND;BHLU;B@C NHDHTAJC
(HPT;@ L; 0ADHSC S>UC (> -AJA). @C=A-
UHLDT@HI O;US;@LSHI APDA CF@H@;JAH@;U-
@AV NDAICSHD; A LFCDCHFAN;, „> &;PDCO>, >
LDCTA@A ’LF;DHVDB;FLSAV THODAV HOAR;I;,
L; refrainom ’5DHSUCFA 1D;G;J!’ A ’5DH-
SUCFA #U;V!’ (>HOAR;IC@A= @;EABA=; E;
4UHBC@J; A 4DOA@;), NDHXCLHDA L> P; ’@;-
EAB;UA #U;VH=’, ICT@A= HT D;LALFARSAV
@;EAB; E; LDNLSA @;DHT, HSH SHIAV LC XHD-
=AD;U; ’LFCSUA<S; S>UF>D;’, NH@ASU; ’@;
EC=?A<F>, @; SHIC= IC NDHDHS )@FC
NHLAI;H LBHIC LIC=C, T; „BU;<SA @;SHF FDC-
O; ALFDAICOAFA“’ (K. (CDAW, ALFH, I, 195). 91
 !"! #$%&!
NHUAFASC LC HRAFH NDCB;DAH. 1;H ND;BA %A=-
?;@A@, ’ultimus Romanorum’, NDCEAD;<C @C-
ND;BCT@H PDRS> S>UF>D> A L;B VCUC@AE;=. 1;H
ND;BA LFHAS A CFAR;D NDCJICGAB;<C =HW =H-
D;U; > NHUAFAJA, HSD>F@HI APDA A@FCDCL;,
NHFJICG>I>WA =HW A >UHP> @HBJ; A CSH@H=LSAV
LAU; > BDC=C@> S;T; FC LAUC LFBHDA<C LHJAI;-
UAE;= A LHJAI;U@>, @C@;JAH@;U@> NHUAFAS>.
KHO;D SD<W;@A@, E@;H LC IC A BA<C @H LUHOH-
TH>=@ARSA, H@;SH à la Diderot AED;EAFA H
LBCWC@AJA=;, >E@HLCWA NHP;@LSA, DA=LSA
?>TLSA ATC;U A V>=;@AE;= (> C&+$-/- +0&#"-
+%)+5"2) @;T L;=H SD<W;@LFBH. !AIC=JC IC @C-
ND;BCT@H H=;UHB;Q;B;H S;H A =CF;XAEAS>
GAVHB>. 5A<>WA HQCFH A LC@FC@JAHE@H S;H
GCPHB ';JAF, E@; OAFA F;=;@ A @CI;L;@ S;H F;I
HLBCF@AS DA=LSHP NH@AQC@HP NH@HL; (VII, 125).
"E HBHP M;FH<CBHP FCSLF; =HQC=H
NHOUAQC F>=;RAFA GCPHB NDAL;@ HT@HL
NDC=; 4F;DRCBAW> S;H >RAFC?>, NDC=;
„4F;DH=“ SH=C IC <FCTDH NDATHT;B;H
CNAFCFC ;@FARSAV BDAICT@HLFA, ;@FARSC
C@CDPAIC A ;@FARSAV D;E=ICD;. M;FH<
NHL=;FD; 4F;DRCBAW; > LBICFU> CNHVC >
SHIHI IC HB;I QABAH, NH=AGC @CSC B;Q@C
>FAJ;IC SHIA L> XHD=AD;UA 4F;DRCBAWCB>
UAR@HLF A >L=ICDAUA ATCHUH<SH TICUH-
B;GC. ND;BH L HOEADH= @; >NUABC TA-
TDHHBLSHP BDC=C@; FC A L HOEADH= @;
>FAJ;IC 2HOA@H;, %C@;@; A TD>PAV =AL-
UAU;J; AE NHSH?CG; SHIC IC HOA?CQAUH
E@;R;I;@ TAH 19. BAICS;, FH TICUHB;GC IC
>L=ICDC@H S; ;XAD=;JAIA @;JAH@;U@C
C@CDPAIC, FC ALFH F;SH A NDC=; @CSA=
D;LAI;UALFARSA= >RCGA=;. SH=OA-
@;JAIA L; $FBC<HBH= FCHDAIH= H NHUA-
FARSH= @;DHT>, 4F;DRCBAW IC HB; >RCG;
HQABAH > ATCHUH<SH= HOD;LJ> NH SH=C
IC BCUASA TAH I>Q@AV 4UHBC@; NH GC=>
E;ND;BH =HP>WC ATC@FAXASHB;FA A
NDAL;ICTA@AFA VDB;FLSH= @;JAH@;U@H=
OAW>. +RAPUCT@H IC T; IC FH M;FH< L;BD-
<C@H LVB;F;H, A;SH IC BCH=; RCLFH C>XC-
=ALFARSA NDAOUAQ;B;H 4F;DRCBAWCBC
ATCIC 2;ICBA=, N; A #>SHBA= ATCI;=; H
@;JAH@;U@H= ICTA@LFB>. 5DCW>F@H LC
HT@HLAH NDC=; 4F;DRCBAWCBA= FBDTG;-
=; H VDB;FLSH= NHDAICSU> OHL;@LSH–VCD-
JCPHB;RSAV =>LUA=;@;, N; R;S A 4DO;.
92 0F;BA<C, > FH= IC L=ICD> TH@CSUC A TIC-
UHB;H, S;H NDHN;P;FHD A ;PAF;FHD LF;D-
RCBAW;@LSC ATCHUHPAIC > (HL@A A 4DOAIA
@; NHRCFS> [[ BAICS;.
2C@CE; M;FH<CBHP ND;B;<FB; =HQC
LC ND;FAFA IH< HT BDC=C@; S;T; IC
HJICGAB;H LF;GC VDB;FLSC @;JAIC, GC@C
A@FCUAPC@JAIC, S;D;SFCD; A @;JAH@;U-
@C LBAICLFA. 1;H @CTHLFHI@C ALFHDAILSC
BCUARA@C A ALFHDAILSHP FDC@>FS; VDB;F-
LFB;, M;FH< IC > D;E@A= LBHIA= FCSLFH-
BA=; A NHUC=AS;=; ALFAJ;H LBC @CP;-
FAB@C A, S;SH IC NDA=ICWAB;H, NHP>O@C
HTUASC VDB;FLSHP @;DHT; A TD><FB;:
SUCDAS;UAE;=, LCDBAUAE;=, T><CB@>
LN>F;@HLF, NHUAFARS> @CE;BAL@HLF, @C-
B;LNAF;@> A@FCUAPC@JAI> A NDHD;R>@;-
FA N;FDAHFAE;=. !;DHRAFH IC ALFAJ;H
@CTHLF;F;S LBAICLFA H NHTDCZC@H= NHUH-
Q;I> [DB;F; > HT@HL> @; M;Z;DC, FC IC
T>PA @AE PHTA@; > AEP@;@LFB> QABAH A
D;TAH > LF;U@H= LFD;V> HT LB;SHP LFD;-
@HP CUC=C@F; > [DB;FLSHI (M;Z;DA,
4DOA, ,CBDCIA A TD>PA). 1;H OCLSH=NDH-
=AL@A ND;B;< A FBDTHSHD@A LF;DRCBA-
W;@;J, BHTAH IC QCLFHSC NHUC=ASC L;
[DB;FA=; @CND;B;<A=; SHIC IC, >PUCT;-
I>WA LC @; 4F;DRCBAW;, @;EAB;H „LU;-
BHLDOA=;“.
4DNLSA @;DHT A GCPHBH NDAL>LFBH >
[DB;FLSHI, GCPHB; @;JAH@;U@; L;=HLBA-
ICLF, FC ;SFAB@HLF LDNLSC A@FCUCSF>;U@C
A NDCT>ECF@ARSH-CSH@H=LSC CUAFC, LB;-
S;SH L> OAUA CUC=C@FA SHIA L> NDCTLF;-
B?;UA L=CFG> HLFB;DCG> LF;DRCBAW;@-
LSHP VDB;FLSHP L@; H NHUAFARSHI @;JAIA
A ALFHDAILSH= VDB;FLSH= ND;B>. K; OA LC
HLU;OAU; LBC I;R; NHEAJAI; =;GA@LSHP
LDNLFB; > [DB;FLSHI, OAUH IC @CHNVHT@H
AEBD<AFA TAX;=;JAI> A TALSDCTAF;J-
AI> LDNLSHP CF@HL;, <FH L> ND;B;<A A
>RA@AUA. „%;EBAI; LC A SH@LFAF>A<C >
HN<FCVDB;FLSA= D;E=ICD;=; LALFC=
TAX;=;JAIC 4DO;, E; SHIC LC BCUA T; AV
>HN<FC @C=; @; NDHLFHDA=; E;N;T@H HT
DAICSC KDA@C, @CPH T; IC DAICR H ’#U;LA-
=;’ SHIC [DB;FA ’@C =HPH<C NHTN>@H ;N-
LHDOHB;FA A ;LA=AUHB;FA’ A SHIA ’HLF;-
TH<C VDB;FLSA PHBHDCWA #U;LA’“ ((CDAW,
 8/,(/ 9(+,&# :&,"; - +%)+5& 5(0,(%&
ALFH, 598). "=NUAS;JAIC H @CLUHBC@-
LSH= NHDAICSU> 4DO;, FH ICLF „#U;V;“
>S;E>I> @; RAGC@AJ> T; @AIC > NAF;G>
L;=H @;JAH@;UALFARSA NCIHD;FAB, @CPH
A >BDAICQC@H =A<?CGC NH SH=C L> ND;-
B;<A L=;FD;UA 4DOC ICT@H= =A@HD@H=,
A@XCDAHD@H= D;LH=. „5AL;GC <F;=NC
OAWC NHL?CTGA LFCNC@ L;F;@AE;JAIC
4DO;. +BH L> IH< @CSA Q;DPH@LSA @;EA-
BA E; LDNLSA @;DHT A GCPHBC NDAN;T@A-
SC: 1. VDB;FLSA #U;LA-NHLDOAJC; 2. NHVD-
B;WC@A #U;LA; 3. VALFHDARSA NH SDBA
#U;LA; 4. VDB;FLSA PDRSH-AEFHRG;JA; 5.
@HBA PDRSH-AEFHRG;JA NHT LDOLSA=
A=C@H=; 6. BU;VHLDNLSA QAB;?“ (Ibid.
618).
" M;FH< SHDALFA LFCDCHFANC S;T;
NDAICSHD@H A NCIHD;FAB@H PHBHDA H
4DOA=;, NH@;B?;I>WA LHUAT@H @;>RC@>
UCSJAI> LF;DRCBAW;@LFB;. KB; FCSLF; @;
SHIA=; NHRAB; M;FH<CB ATCHUH<SA
FC=C? ICL> 4F;DRCBAWCBA N;=XUCFA C&+-
$-/& +0&#"+*%=+5& )" E%#&,+5"2 A J$*
<%=. GA=; HB;I ATCHUHP HFBHDC@H DC-
TCXA@A<C ATC@FAFCF LDNLSHP @;DHT;,
ALFH H@H <FH WC M;FH< THJ@AIC RA@AFA
@; UAFCD;D@H= NH?>. „5DBA THT;F;S, ;SH
LC BHTA D;R>@; H VDH@HUHPAIA @;LF;I;G;
N;=XUCF; J$* <%= (A=C SHIC 4F;DRCBAW,
AE =DQGC, ’@APT; @AIC VFCH AEPHBHDAFA’
@CPH P; IC AEPHB;D;H S;H ’4CDO’ A OHUCL@H
=> T;B;H L=AL;H ’LBD;O;’ AUA ’servus-a’.“
(Ibid. 245). '; ALF; „CFA=HUHPAI;“ T;F; IC
LDNLSH= A=C@> A > 4F;DRCBAWCBHI SHB;-
@AJA „LU;BHLCDOLS; N;L=A@;“, PTIC IC
+0&#"+%= NCIHD;FAB A HE@;R;B; – NH
F>=;RCG> GC@HP ;>FHD; – DHNLS> D;L>
SHI; LC )%";-%-0& )" E%#&,+5"2, FH ICLF
LU;BH-LCDO – TBHLFD>SA DHO. '; SHB;@A-
J; @CS;T; IC HE@;R;B;U; 4DOC, ; @CS;T;
H@;I TAH VDB;FLSC A@FCUAPC@JAIC A NH-
UAFAR;DC SHIA L> L;D;ZAB;UA L; 4DOA=;
A TD>PA= @CVDB;FLSA= CUC=C@FA=;.
4F;DRCBAW, ; NHLUAIC GCP; A M;FH< BCH-
=; RCLFH SHDALFC HB;I NCIHD;FAB T; OA
IH< BA<C H=;UHB;QAUA LBC <FH A=;
BCEC, =;S;D A NHUAFARSC, L; LDNLSA= @;-
DHTH= A GCPHBH= S>UF>DH=. 4F;DRCBA-
WCBH >RCGC IC A=;UH =@HPH NDALF;UAJ;,
@;DHRAFH =CZ> =U;TA=;. 3CLFH NH@;-
B?;GC HBAV NCIHD;FAB; > M;FH<CBA=
FCSLFHBA=; @AIC OAUH FCS UAFCD;D@H
LDCTLFBH @AFA L> FH OAUA LFCDCHFANA,
F;SH >HOAR;IC@A > XHD=AD;G> LUASC H
TD>PH=: FH L>, @;NDHFAB, OAUC QCLFHSC
LF;DRCBAW;@LSC A@BCSFABC, HFDHB@C
LFDAICUC ICT@HP ND;B;<; >OAICZC@HP > FH
T; IC 4F;DRCBAWCB; LUAS; H 4DOA=; @C-
NDASHL@HBC@ ALFHDAILSH-ATCHUH<SA, N;
A UAFCD;D@A ;>FHDAFCF A T; @C =HQC T;
LC =AICG;. M;FH< > LBHIC FCSLFHBC >@HLA
A @CSC CUC=C@FC CBDHNLSHP ATCHUH<SHP
@;L?CZ;, <FH WC LC > @C F;SH T;UCSHI
O>T>W@HLFA HFSDAFA > AE>ECF@H @C=A-
UA= THP;Z;IA=; @; ALFHDAILSHI LJC@A.
!; UAFCD;D@H= NH?> M;FH< IC OAH ICT;@
HT H@AV SHIA L> HBH TCLFD>SFAB@H LIC=C
D;L>UA NH NH?> SGAQCB@C >=ICF@HLFA.
FCSLF> H MC<FDHBAW>7, SHIA IC
HOI;B?C@ 1910. PHTA@C, M;FH< H BCUASH=
VDB;FLSH= >=ICF@AS> PHBHDA L; =@HPH
N;FHL; A @CP;FAB@HP @;OHI;:
4á=H LC NH LCOA D;E>=AIC <FH =C@C S;H
[DB;F; LAU@H OHUA <FH MC<FDHBAW, DHTH=
[DB;F, @AIC @;<;H > NHBAICLFA VDB;FLSHP VC-
DHAE=; @A ICT@C ICTA@C CNAEHTC THLFHI@C
GCPHBHP LU;BHLDOLSHP TUAICF;, LU;BCWA OAFS>
OICQ;G; A AET;IC, LU;BCWA AE=CW;D; A F>DLS>
NDATBHDAJ> M;DS; A E;OHD;B?;I>WA T; IC
&DAGLSA BCWA HT ;FC@F;FHD; +OAUAW; A T; E;
I>@;<FBH @CODH IC@AV VDB;FLSAV TCUAI; @C
LBICTHRC U;Q?ABA LUAICNJA BCW THS>=C@F;D@;
PHLNHZ; [ALFHDAI;. (XI, 83).
M;FH< LC HOD><;B; @; "B;@;
MC<FDHBAW;, SHIA IC, O;< S;H A H@ L;=,
OHD;BAH > 4DOAIA A =CZ> 4DOA=; A SHIA
IC @CDAICFSH A BCH=; @;T;V@>FH HOD;-
ZAB;H FC=C AE LDNLSC FD;TAJAIC. +@H NH
RC=> LC M;FH< D;EUAS>IC HT MC<FDHBAW;
ICLFC GCPHB @CP;FAB;@ HT@HL NDC=;
LDNLSH= SHUCSFAB@H= N;=WCG>. MC<-
FDHBAW S;H [DB;F A S;H >=ICF@AS LU;BA,
THS M;FH< DCU;FABAE>IC NH=C@>FC
;LNCSFC LDNLSC CNLSC FD;TAJAIC, SHIA LC
7 E%#&,+5& +0"="'&, III, OD. 101, 102, 103;
&;PDCO, 4, 6. A 7. =;I 1910. (XI, 79–84). 93
 !"! #$%&!
>PU;B@H= HT@HLC @; 1HLHBLS> OAFS>. 4
HOEADH= @; FH T; IC M;FH<CB; LUAS; H
4DOA=; XHD=AD;@; NDCB;LVHT@H @; LFC-
DCHFANA=; SHIC IC, NDCFVHT@H, >FC=C?AH
)@FC 4F;DRCBAW, S;H A L HOEADH= @;
RAGC@AJ> T; LC D;TA H SD;IGC @CNHCFAR-
@A= E;NALA=;, @;BHTA=H L;=H H@C SHIA
NDCTLF;B?;I> @;IE@;R;I@AIC S;D;SFCDA-
LFASC ;@FALDNLSC ATCHUHPAIC. 3A@A=H
FH O>T>WA T; IC >ND;BH F; ATCHUHPAI;
HLF;BAU; @CLSDABC@ FD;P AUA OH?C DCRC-
@H HQA?;S @; ICT@HI, A@;RC ODA?;@F@HI,
NHCFAJA N>FHB;G; A L>LDCF; L; TD>PA=;,
R;S A S;T; L> FA „TD>PA“ OAUA 4DOA. )D-
P>=C@F BA<C IC A RAGC@AJ; T; M;FH<
S;H NICL@AS ODA?AD; >ND;BH > H@A= FCS-
LFHBA=; > SHIA=; @AIC NHTD;Q;B;U;J HBC
ATCHUHPAIC, THS > FCSLFHBA=; SHIA HTA-
<> LF;DRCBAW;@LSA= ATCI;=; M;FH<
L;LBA= HRAPUCT@H LSDCWC L; UAFCD;D@HP
N>F;, NDCLF;IC OAFA LBHI, NHLF;I>WA
L?CTOC@AS ICT@C TALS>F;OAU@C NHUAFA-
RSH-ATCHUH<SC XHD=C.
'CQ;S QABHF A @CNDAVB;F;GC > CUA-
F@A= A@FCUCSF>;U@A= SD>PHBA=; @CL>-
=GABH L> LC T>OHSH >DCE;UA > M;FH<CB>
UAR@HLF, >EDHS>I>WA FC<SC XD>LFD;JAIC
SHT VDB;FLSHP NALJ;. +BH= SH@LF;F;-
JAIH= @C QCUA=H H=;UHB;QAFA M;FH<;,
GCPHB> LDR;@> NCDLH@>, L@;Q;@ A@FC-
UCSF A NDCXAGC@ >=ICF@ARSA LC@EAOA-
UAFCF. 5H@;I=;GC M;FH<CB OHDOC@A
LF;B, ALSDC@HLF A @CNDCLF;@H TICUH-
B;GC, SHIC IC GC=> E@;RAUH THLUHB@H LBC
> QABHF>. (HD;BCWA TB; N>F; =CZ> 4DOA-
=;, VDB;FLSA NAL;J IC LBA= L@;P;=;
@;LFHI;H T; LC AEOHDA E; LBHIC A@FCUCS-
F>;U@H =ICLFH NHT L>@JC=. #CH=; RCLFH
IC D;LNHU;P;H >OICT?ABA= ;DP>=C@FA=;
A FH > L>SHO> L; ALF;S@>FA= ;>FHDAFCFA-
=; @; LDNLSHI UAFCD;D@HI A S>UF>D@HI
LJC@A. !H, H@H <FH @C E;LU>Q>IC @A
@;I=;G> NHVB;U>, FH L> M;FH<CBC A@BCS-
FABC >L=ICDC@e NDC=; 4DOA=; A LDNLSHI
S>UF>DA. +B;SBA LF;BHBA, NDHALFAR>,
@;D;B@H, A AE ATCHUH<SAV SHDAIC@;, ;UA
94 A AE ALS><CG; SDHE SHI; IC M;FH< NDH-
U;EAH S;H BHI@A OICP>@;J, OHD;BCWA =CZ>
OUALSA=, ; HNCF F;SH T;UCSA= ?>TA=;,
=CZ> 4DOA=;.
FCSLF> „MA A H@A“8, RAIA @;LUHB
T;@;L =HQC=H F>=;RAFA A > DCU;JAIA L;
A=;PHUH<SH= FCHDAIH= HNHEAJAI; A L;
FC=C?@H= NDHOUC=;FASH= ALFD;QAB;G;
LUASC H TD>PH=, BATA=H @; SHIA IC @;RA@
A NH SHIC= =HTCU> M;FH< NHDCTAH S>U-
F>D> A S>UF>D@C NDAUASC > 4DOAIA A
[DB;FLSHI. 1HUASH PHT IC 4SCDUAWCB
FCSLF „4DOAI;, GC@; S>UF>D; A GC@;
SGAQCB@HLF“ (1910) ICT;@ SH@JAE;@ A
L;TDQ;I;@ NDCPUCT LDNLSC S>UF>DC A
GC@C FDC@>F@C NHEAJAIC, > FHUASHI IC
=ICDA M;FH<CB; DC;SJAI; > S>UF>DHUH<-
SH= NHPUCT> D;EHFSDAU; LF;DRCBAW;@LSA
ATCHUH<SA HSBAD NLC>TH@;>R@HP A NHB-
D<@HP NHDCZCG; LDNLSC A VDB;FLSC S>U-
F>DC. ';SBH NHDCZCGC TB;I> @;DHT; A
TB;I> S>UF>D; H=HP>WAWC => T;, O;DC= E;
NHFDCOC LBHIC RAF;U;RSC N>OUASC, NDH-
PU;LA TCXA@AFAB@> @;T=HW VDB;FLSC
S>UF>DC @;T LDNLSH=, S;H A T; IH< ICT@H=
SH@LF;F>IC SHUASH IC TD;LFAR;@ ;UFCDA-
FCF LDNLSHP A VDB;FLSHP S>UF>D@H-@;JA-
H@;U@HP ATC@FAFCF;. $BH > S;SBH= L> HT-
@HL> LDNLS; A VDB;FLS; S>UF>D;, NH M;-
FH<CBH= BAZCG>. 1>UF>D;: „4DOA L> @;L
LFAPUA, ;UA IH< @;L, ;SH OHP T;, NDCLFAP-
UA @AL>, =;T; H@A E; S>UF>D> QDFB>I>,
THS LC =A E; G> QDFB>IC=H“ (XIV, 86). !;-
>S;: „1;SH LFHIA=H =CZ>LHO@H > @;>S;=;,
@C E@;= F;R@AIC ICD @AL;= @;>R@AS, ;UA
E@;= T; L> 4DOA =;ILFHDA O;D@>=LSHI DC-
SU;=A LBHIA= >RCG;JA=;, THS @;<A
M>LAWA, (>UAWA, KBHDQ;JA, M;DCFAWA,
4=ARASU;LA, 5;BAWA, [D;@AUHBAWA,
2HDI;@HBAWA, @;<A THODA ND;B@AJA
NDHU;EC A =CZ> @;=; > &;PDCO> LSHDH @C-
NHE@;FA, @CNDAE@;FA. 1HUASH DCSU;=C
@;ND;BA<C L;=H .BAIAW>, PCHPD;X>, N;
H@T; 'CLUA! M>TDH W>FC T; IC HF;J GAVHBC
NDADHT@C @;>SC [DB;F 5;@RAW...“ (Ibid.)
8 E%#&,+5& +0"="'&, III, OD. 117, LFD. 1, OD.
118, LFD. 1, &;PDCO, 25. A 27. =;I 1910. (4K,
XIV, 85–89).
 8/,(/ 9(+,&# :&,"; - +%)+5& 5(0,(%&
=ICF@HLF: „ >=ICF@HLFA=; 4DOA T;UC-
SH E;HLF;I> E; @;=;. 'H IC X;S;F. UAFC-
D;F>DA T;@;L @AL> @A > SHIC= LU>R;I>
OH?A, =;T; (...) SHT 4DO; @;A=C LBC, N; A
CLFCFAS; A SDAFAS;, LU>QA CSLSU>EAB@HI
@;JAH@;U@HI GAVHBHI =ALUA, THS IC
@HBAI; VDB;FLS;, @;DHRAFH LU;BHLDNLS;
S>UF>D; TADCSF@H ;@FAVDB;FLS; AUA O;-
DC= @CVDB;FLS;“ (XIV, 86–87).
LBHIA= A=;QA=; H LDNLSH= S>U-
F>D@H= OAW>, M;FH< WC, NHTDCZ>I>WA P;
=;@ADH= ATCHUHP; 4F;DRCBAW; S;H @C-
THD;LUH VDB;FLSH= S>UF>D@H= A „D;L-
@H=“ OAW>, THWA TH CSLFDC=@HP E;S?>RS;:
M; SHUASH 4DOA VHTHR;LFAUA > 5;DAE A
(CDUA@, H@A HTH@>T TH@HLC BA<C LNH?G>, NHB-
D<@>, @CPH >@>FD;<G> S>UF>D>. *A=; IC =@HPH
OUAQA .;DAPD;T, ; @;DHRAFH %>LAI;, SHI; IC
NDCSH 3CDGA<CBLSAICBAV Z;S; A LFBHDAU;
@;IB;Q@AI> LFD>I>, D;TAS;UAE;= > 4DOAIA. +@H
<FH IC XA@H A BALHSH > DH=;@LSHI S>UF>DA
4DOA @C =HP> D;E>=ICFA AE FHP NDHLFHP D;EUHP;
<FH S;H LSHDHICBAWA @C=;I> L=ALU; E; BDA-
ICT@HLFA FD;TAJAIC A <FH AV S;H @CS;FHUASC
S;FHUAJAE;= @AIC, S;H @;L, HLNHLHOAH E; PDC-
SHU;FA@LSH VALFHDAILSH E;N;TG;<FBH. 'H IC
D;EUHP <FH 4DOA @AS;SH @C LVB;W;I> ND;BA, RA-
LFA SU;LAJAE;=. +@A L> DHZC@A ’DC;UALFC’, ; L
DC;UAE=H= WC< LU;OH D;E>=ICFA ICEPD> %A=;,
N; ND;BA L;TDQ;I GC=;RSC, XD;@J>LSC, C@PUC-
LSC – >SD;FSH: E;N;TG;RSC =ALUA. &;FH A BATA-
=H T; NDAI;FC?A O;US;@AEHB;G; VDB;FLSC S>U-
F>DC, @;><FDO VDB;FLFB;, SHT @;L OD;@C DC;UA-
LFAR@C SH@JCNJAIC, >T;D;I> @; @;< ’FD;TAJAH-
@;UAE;=’ A SU;LAR@A ATC;UAE;=, THS 4DOA
@;LFHIC O;< FC LFD>IC SHT LBHIC S>WC >TH=;WAFA.
" FH L> CBH RAGC@AJC. !;<A @;NDCTG;JA
@;B;?AB;I> @; @;< ’VALFHDAE;=’, FD;TAJAH-
@;UAE;=, ;UA VB;UC H@C VDB;FLSC >=ICF@ASC
SHIA >ETAQ> S;H #HI@HBAW A MC<FDHBAW +%)+5(
VALFHDAILS> FD;TAJAI> NHT AEPHBHDH= @;DHT@C
NICL=C, S;H T; E;ICT@ARS; NICL=; @;DHT@; @C
LU;BA A S;FHUARSAV, N; =>LUA=;@LSAV VDB;F-
LSAV I>@;S;. 'D;TAJAIC L> T;SUC THN><FC@C
L;=H 4DOA=;, ; [DB;FA=; @AICL> (XIV, 87).
"LSHD;S LDNLSC S>UF>DC @; NHRCFS>
20. BAICS; M;FH<, T;SUC, @AIC L;PUCT;B;H
> SH@FCSLF> LSHDHP LFAJ;G; @CE;BAL@H-
LFA LDNLSC TDQ;BC > HT@HL> @; S>UF>D@H
A@CDF@> F>DLS> A=NCDAI>, @AIC IC NHL=;-
FD;H S;H BAF;U@A E;=;V A E;UCF SHIA IC
LDNLS; @;JAI; THQABICU; @; S>UF>D@H= A
@; NHUAFARSH= NU;@>, NH@;I=;GC S;H
SHD;S S; CBDHNLSA= BDAICT@HLFA=; @;
=CZA ALFHR@AV A E;N;T@AV >FAJ;I;. M;-
FH< IC > BAF;U@HLFA LDNLSC S>UF>DC >
DCBAF;UAEHB;@HI @;JAH@;U@HI TDQ;BA
D;TAIC BATAH HN;L@HLF E; VDB;FLSA S>U-
F>D@A A@FCPDAFCF, NU;<CWA LC O;US;@A-
E;JAIC AUA TD>PAV, NH GC=> NHP>O@AV
FDC@THB; > SHIC IC VDB;FLS; S>UF>D;, RA-
@AUH => LC, @;LAU@H >BU;RC@;. +RAPUCT-
@H >LFDCNF;H > LFD;V> HT @;BHT@HP
„NDCLFAE;G;“ @; SHIC LC LDNLS; S>UF>D;
LNDC=;U; > HT@HL> NDC=; VDB;FLSHI, M;-
FH< IC @; LB;SA @;RA@, =;S;D A @C>FC-
=C?C@H, NHS><;B;H ;DP>=C@FHB;FA T; IC
FH >E;U>T;@ NHS><;I. F;S=AJ; SHI; IC
NHLFHI;U; L;=H > A=;PA@;D@H= TH=C@>
M;FH<CBC UAFCD;D@HLFA, TBHOHI LDNLSC
A VDB;FLSC S>UF>DC, TH@CSUC L> A SHD>=-
NAD;UC LB;SA NHS><;I EOUAQ;B;G; A
NDCSAT;UC TAI;UHP TB;I> @;JAH@;U@AV
S>UF>D;, =;S;D L;=H A > GCPHBH= TICU>.
!H I;L@H IC T; LC M;FH< @C HNDCTIC?>IC E;
?CNHF> LA=XH@AILSC HDSCLFD;JAIC @;-
JAH@;U@AV S>UF>D@AV BDAICT@HLFA, O;-
DC= S;T; L> > NAF;G> LDNLS; A VDB;FLS;
S>UF>D;, @CPH, @;NDHFAB, E; DAB;UAFCF A
T>CU NDHQCF @;JAH@;UAE=H=, FC @;HRA-
PUCT LBA=; > 4DOAIA O;J;I>WA D>S;BAJ> >
UAJC LDNLSHI S>UF>DA A @;>JA @; NHRCF-
S> [[ BAICS;. KALS>F;OAU@H F>=;RCGC
@;IQABHFBHD@AICP ;LNCSF; LDNLSC T>VHB-
@HLFA > GCPHBH= ND;BHLU;B@H= VDA<-
W;@LSH= ATC@FAFCF>, M;FH< IC FC@TC@-
JAHE@H @;PU;LAH S;H LBHICBDLF;@ QAP
LD;=; SHIA IC, NH GC=>, 4DOC THBHTAH >
NHEAJAI> B;DB;D; NDCT E;N;T@HCBDHN-
LSA=, DH=;@LSA= S>UF>D@A= BDAICT@H-
LFA=;. HBA= A HB;SBA= TALSB;UAXA-
S;JAI;=; M;FH< ;NHLFDHXAD; A BAE;-
@FAILSH-D>LSA S>UF>D@A SD>P, SHIA IC T;H
NHTICT@;S THNDA@HL CBDHNLSHI S>UF>DA
A JABAUAE;JAIA, @C @HLCWA >E;U>T S>U-
F>D@C NDCDHP;FABC DA=LSAV @;LF;B?;R;
SDHE ODHI@C BAICSHBC @;<C CDC. !;IE;T,
<F; DCWA H SH@LF;F;JAIA > SHIHI LC 95
 !"! #$%&!
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!"#$%"&$%
1. BegiS, Midhat (1957), „Uz Matoš-Skerli-
Sevo nasljedstvo“, RaskršAa, Sarajevo:
Svjetlost.
2. >'$#8, T/:!" (2005), !"#$%&' )!#-
"#/$"' 0 >!40 I–II, G%-# <!3:
Orpheus.
3. H'%$;#2'-#8, F$':# #$ (1965), „9!-
.%: / >'%;$!3/“, B4'!,0& .#$0<9
%!)%&9 5# &;0C9",'%$ 0 3950&, 13/2:
385–387.
4. H0#;%$#8, O'0#7%$ (1975), D "0@'!*,
>'%;$!3: G%0#..
5. Dugast, Jacques (2001), La vie culturelle
en Europe au tournant des 19ème et
20ème siècles, Paris: Presses Universi-
taires de France.
 +,$*, -*%$#" .#$'/ 0 %!)%&# &*1$*!#

6. U'A'5, 9#$+% (1968), „9!.%: / >'%-
;$!3/“, E9$')0% .#$0<9 %!)%&9, 144,
401: 195–215.
7. U'A'5, 9#$+% (1970), F!#7#3*G0 5#
.#$'/9(, D!;$'7: 9!.#1! ,$-!.*+!.
8. L'06#8, T/7$!-+% (1984), .#$'/, D!-
;$'7: H0%7/*.
9. >#4!#,# 6391# +,$*,# -*%$#"# .#-
$'/# (1873–1914–1973) I– (1973),
/$'3#0# T$!;/.#" K!3#2!"%-#8, G'-
32'5+% 9#,!"%-#8, T/7$!-+% L'06#8,
O#3! N0!+'$, V%-$% U/&!"6#8, <0!--
+% >!./:#8 # T!-%$ F!&'.!"#8; D!-
;$'7: L/;%*0!-'"*+! !+!3' #2! 4"!"%-
*.# # / 2'."%*.#, V#7'$ # 90!3%*..
10. StarWeviS, Ante (1868), Ime Serb, Zagreb:
Slovi Karla Albrehta.
11. StarWeviS, Ante (1876), Pasmina slavo-
serbska po Hervatskoj, Zagreb: Tisak
Lav. Hartmána i družbe.
12. Todorov, Tzvetan (1989), Nous et les
autres. La réflexion française sur la
diversité humaine, Paris: Éditions du
Seuil.
13. N$!";':, ?-% (1974), .#$'/, :06!0G,
8!19C#, D!;$'7: V#7'$.
14. Zweig, Stefan (1966), Zvjezdani sati
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15. X#1'0, 9#$%*0!- (1966), .#$'/,
D!;$'7: G?@ @!"%$! ! # X+%0*+#
$!3#% # .'0'-#4#2!.

ANTUN GUSTAV MATOŠ ET LA CULTURE SERBE

Résumé

Dans ce travail nous avons présenté et analysé le rapport contra-

dictoire qu’Antun Gustav Matoš a entretenu avec les Serbes et
leur culture. Nous avons considéré ses nombreuses notes,
images et commentaires positifs sur les Serbes d’un côté, et
nombre de préjugés et d’interprétations erronées de l’autre, in-
ßuencés certes par l’idéologie d’Ante StarWeviS et qui ne pou-
vaient devenir que des images stéréotypées des Serbes, de leur
culture, de leur histoire, de leur littérature et en dernier lieu, de
leur système de valeurs. Nous avons ainsi établi la grande érudi-
tion de Matoš, son respect et en même temps sa position cri-
tique à l’égard de la culture serbe qu’il a connue lors de ses deux
séjours à Belgrade (1894–1897 et 1904–1908). Il avait beaucoup
d’estime pour le développement de cette culture à la charnière
du XXème siècle, et en particulier pour son rapprochement avec
l’Europe occidentale, pour son essor national et sa vitalité. En
outre, il a retrouvé en Serbie une „seconde patrie” aussi bien que
son propre idéal de liberté. Cependant, il existe de nombreux
écrits de Matoš (récits de voyages, feuilletons, essais...) dans les-
quels disparaît cette image quelque peu idéaliste de la Serbie,
faisant place à des positions et des stéréotypes fort négatifs. Dans
ce travail, nous avons traité les causes et les conséquences d’une
telle attitude de Matoš.

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