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URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

PRAXIS: THEORIES AND MODELS


Mark Anthony M. Morales, D. Eng., Ar., EnP.
08 May 2017

SCURP 2017
A Basic Course in Urban and Regional Planning
From the lecture presentation of: Training and Extension Services Division
Dina C. Magnaye, PhD., EnP. 3/F Cariño Hall, School of Urban and Regional Planning
University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING 08 May – 12 May 2017
OUTLINE OF
PRESENTATION
I. Concept and Scope of Planning
II. Urban and Regional Planning Theories
A. Urban Planning Theories
B. Regional Planning Theories

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF
PLANNING

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Roles of a Planner
Designer Visionary
Regulator
Policy Works as private consultant, creates
Implements Advisor and promotes own plan
government rules
and standards

Facilitator Advocate
Mediator Educator

Advances the civic agenda


Reconciles conflicting interests of contending of the general public
groups
SCURP 2017in
: Asociety
BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Planning
Primarily a way of thinking about socio-
economic problems, oriented
predominantly toward the future
deeply concerned with the relation of
goals to collective decisions and
strives for comprehensiveness in policy
and program (Friedman)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Planning

A comprehensive, long-range and multi-


sectoral effort to attain a set of goals by
deciding upon a mix of alternative
strategies

It may have a time frame of 3 to 30


years (Serote)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Goals of Planning
Goals of Planning Generic Strategies
(KRA)
Efficiency Engineering and entrepreneurial
innovation
Effectiveness Enforcement of policies
Ecology Equilibrium and balance
Equity Evenhandedness
Empowerment of Education and participation of different
people sectors
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Schools of Thought in Planning
Schools of Thought Principles

Instrumentalist View Results-oriented


Planning as Requires social interaction
Communicative
Action
Radical Planning Mobilize people to change societal
structures
Systems Theory of Information and feedback utilization -
Planning iterative and cyclical
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Schools of Thought in Planning
Schools of Principles
Thought
Planning as Social Discover regular occurrences for
Physics prediction and management
Planning as Social Studying human societies as
Darwinism biological organisms
Planning as Social Directing human behavior given a
Engineering variety of strategies
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Urban and Regional Planning
Urban Planning
The act of anticipating change, and
arbitrating between the economic, social,
physical, and environmental forces that
determine the location, form and effect of
urban development (Ratcliffe)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
Urban Planning
Production of citywide development
plan (aspects of land use and
development) that determines which
site/s can be built upon

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning

Regional Planning

Planning for an area with distinctive


economic and social characteristics,
opportunities and problems and setting it
apart from other regions

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
Region
• City or central place plus the outlying territories
that are functionally integrated with it.

• Based on natural/physical as well as


economic/political relationships between urban
areas and its surrounding rural territories.

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
Region
• Flexible concept referring to continuous
and localized area intermediate
between national and urban levels
(local level)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
Criteria for Defining a Region
Geographical balance between mountains and
plains (existing ecological barriers)
Wide range of resources and development functions

Developed urban settlements network (growth points


for commerce, education and industry)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
Criteria for Defining a Region

Developed transportation facilities (good road


network)
Based on areas inhabited by ethnic groups
Follow administrative and political boundaries
of government units

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning

Linkages in a Region
• Economic Linkages

• Infrastructure
Linkages

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning

Why Regional Planning?


Address problem of depressed industrial and rural
regions suffering from economic dissatisfaction:
economic disparities between regions

Separate regional cultures and political identities


produced necessary pressure for action

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning

Why Regional Planning?


Movement towards a regional structure of
administration and decision making

Interregional allocation of resources

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban and Regional Planning
American Institute of Certified Planners
• URP is the unified development of urban communities and their
environs and of states, regions and the nation as a whole, as expressed
through determination of the comprehensive arrangement of land uses
and land occupancy and their regulation.

Canadian Institute of Planners


• URP refers to the scientific, orderly and aesthetic disposition of land,
buildings, resources, facilities and communication routes, in use and in
development, with a view to removing congestion and securing the
maximum practicable degree of economy, efficiency, convenience,
sound environment.
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Urban and Regional Planning

Urban
Planning
Place making
(creating livable
human spaces
and natural
communities)
Regional
Planning

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Well
Run

Governance

Environment
Place
Housing &

Rendered
and built
Design

Well
So
Built
Well

Making

Equity

Fair for
Everyone

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


URBAN AND REGIONAL
PLANNING THEORIES

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban Planning Theories

1. 1. Urban Morphology

1. 2. Urban Growth and Spatial


Interaction

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban Planning Theories
• Urban Morphology

Theory Planning Advocate


Concentric Zone Ernest Watson Burgess (1886-
1966)
Sector Theory Homer Hoyt (1895-1984)
Multiple Nuclei Edward Ullman and Chauncy
Harris (1945)
Concentric Zone – Sector Peter Mann (1965)
Theory

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Concentric Zone Theory (Burgess)
(Burgess Model/Bull’s Eye Model/Concentric Ring Model/Concentric Rings Model

• Based on Burgess’s observations of


Chicago during early years of the 20th
century.
• Major routes of transportation emanated from
the city’s core, making the CBD the most
accessible location in the city.
• An important feature: positive correlation
of socio-economic status of households w/
distance from CBD
• more affluent households observed to live at
greater
SCURP 2017 : A BASICdistances from
COURSE IN URBAN central
AND REGIONAL city.
PLANNING
Concentric Zone Theory (Burgess)
(Burgess Model/Bull’s Eye Model/Concentric Ring Model/Concentric Rings Model
• Zonal Description
Zone Characteristics
Zone 1: Central • ”loop” district
Business District • location of most tertiary
(CBD) employment and urban transport
infrastructure making it the most
accessible zone.

Zone 2: Zone of • area of older industry


Transition • low income and mix of low-end
(residential) uses
• near labor and market
• where transport terminals (port
and railyards) are located

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Concentric Zone Theory (Burgess)
(Burgess Model/Bull’s Eye Model/Concentric Ring Model/Concentric Rings Model
• Zonal Description

Zone Characteristics
Zone 3: Zone of Low Working Class Residence Ring
Cost Homes (slums, contains poorest
segment of urban population)
Zone 4: Zone of Better High Class Apartment and
Residences Single Family Ring (including
shopping & commercial) –
white collar workers and
middle class families
Zone 5: Commuter Zone Middle class and upper
(sub-urban and semi-rural) income groups

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Concentric Zone Theory (Burgess)
(Burgess Model/Bull’s Eye Model/Concentric Ring Model/Concentric Rings Model

• As city grew over time, the CBD exerts pressure on zone


immediately surrounding it
• Outward expansion of CBD invades nearby res’l neighborhoods;
causing them to expand outward
• The process continues with each successive neighborhood
moving further from the CBD.
• As city grew and the CBD expanded outward, lower status
residents moved to adjacent neighborhoods, and more
affluent residents moved further from the CBD
• Examples: Older, Smaller-Area, Compact Cities like London,
Chicago

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Concentric Model: Chicago City

Source: http://cronodon.com/images/Burgess2.jpg
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Sector Theory – 1939 (Homer Hoyt)
• City develops in a series of sectors instead of
rings
• As city grows, activities expands in a wedge, or
sector, from the center (due to emergence of star-
shaped transportation routes – bus lines/street
car lines)
• Once a district with "high-class" housing is established,
the most expensive houses are built on the outer edge
of that district further from the center.
• Place of high value land uses not only in CBD
but2017
SCURP tend toCOURSE
: A BASIC follow arterial
IN URBAN networks
AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Sector Theory – 1939 (Homer Hoyt)
1 – CBD
2 – Wholesale and light
manufacturing
(factories/industry) –
transitional
3 – Low-class residential
(old inner city area)
4 – Middle-class
residential
5 – High class residential
(modern suburbs)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Sector Theory – 1939 (Homer Hoyt)
• Recognizes existence of land use zones, but
suggests that there are sectors or wedges of land
uses in the city due to emergence of star-shaped this theory is
transportation routes, such as bus lines and just a
streetcar lines. refinement
on the
concentric
• As such, industrial would lie in a sector along rail model,
lines coming into the city center; poorer people live rather than
adjacent to industrial near their jobs; Rich live on a radical
opposite side of town far from the industry and restatement.
poor-middle
SCURP income
2017 : A BASIC COURSE in REGIONAL
IN URBAN AND between.PLANNING
Hoyt’s Sector Model

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Multiple Nuclei Theory
(Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman,1945)
• Many cities did not fit traditional concentric
zone or sector models
• Cities of greater size were developing substantial
suburban areas and some suburbs, having
reached significant size, were functioning like
smaller business districts.
• These smaller business districts acted as satellite
nodes, or nuclei, of activity around which land use
patterns formed.
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Multiple Nuclei Theory
(Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman,1945)

1 – CBD
2 – Wholesale and light
manufacturing
3 – Low class residential
4 – Middle-class
residential
5 – High-class residential
6 – Heavy manufacturing
7 – Outlying business
district
8 – Residential suburb
9 – Industrial suburb

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Multiple Nuclei Theory
(Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman,1945)
• Harris and Ullman still saw the CBD as the
major center of commerce, but they
suggest that
• Specialized cells of activity would develop
according to specific requirements of certain
activities, different rent- paying abilities, and
the tendency for some kinds of economic
activity to cluster together.

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Concentric – Sector Theory (Peter Mann, 1965)
Structure of a city:
interplay bet. rings and
sectors (combination of
Burgess and Hoyt)

Main feature: commuter village


separated from built up areas

Commuter Village - A town whose residents normally work elsewhere,


although
SCURP theyCOURSE
2017 : A BASIC live,INeat and
URBAN sleep in
AND REGIONAL these neighborhoods.
PLANNING
Concentric – Sector Theory (Peter Mann, 1965)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Urban Planning Theories
• Urban Growth and Spatial Interaction

Theory Planning Advocate


Central Place Theory Walter Chrystaller
Range and Threshold Berry and Garrison
Rank Size Rule George Sipf
Bid Rent William Alonso

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Central Place Theory (Chrystaller)
• Central Place is a settlement which provides Number of
Human
one or more services for the population living Settlement
around it.
• Simple basic services (e.g. grocery stores)
are said to be of low order while Urban
specialized services (e.g. universities) are System
said to be of high order. Location of Size of
Human Human
• Settlements providing low order services are Settlements Settlements
‘low order settlements’.
• Settlements providing high order services
are high order settlements.
• The sphere of influence is the area of under
influence of the Central Place.
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Central Place Settlement
• Settlement providing one or more services for the population living around it.

Low Order • Simple basic services (eg.


Services grocery stores, bakeries)

High Order • Specialized services (eg.


university, large shopping
Services arcades, malls)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Central Place Settlement

Settlements
• Are said to be low (high)
providing LOS order settlements
(HOS)

Existence of High • There are low order services


Order Services around it, but not vice versa

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Range and Threshold (Berry & Garrison)
The Central Place Theory relies on two concepts: Range and Threshold
Threshold – Minimum amount of purchasing
power necessary to support the supply of goods
/services from a central place; or minimum
population needed to bring about the selling of
particular good or service

Range of Good/Services – extent of the good’s


market area; distance by which people are
willing to travel to obtain the product
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Rank Size Rule
(George Sipf 1949 – American Linguist)
Settlements in a given country may be ranked in order of their size
The population of a given urban area (“Pn”)
P1
tends to be equal to: Pn = q
• Population of largest city (“P1”), divided n
by rank of the population size (“nq”) into Pn = population of nth
settlement
which the given urban area falls P1 = population of
largest
Central Features: settlement
n = settlement rank
The 2nd rank city will have ½ the population of the 1st q = exponent which
The 3rd rank city will have 1/3 the population of the 1st usually
approximates
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING unity
Rank Size Rule
(George Sipf 1949 – American Linguist)

• The 2nd rank city will have ½ the population


of the 1st

The 3rd rank city will have 1/3 the population


of the 1st

The 4th rank city will have 1/4 the population


of the 1st
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Rank Size Rule
Usefulness
Model for future planning; in the allocation of
resources and in administration

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Bid Rent Theory (William Alonso, 1960)
Suggests that the more accessible the site of land, the higher is its
value (different functions will bid differently for land in various parts of the city)
Factors affecting
land values
1.Proximity to a
secondary shopping
center.
Result of Alonso’s dissertation: 2.Local Site
His model gives land use, rent, intensity of land use, Characteristics
population and employment as a function of distance 3.Government Policy
to the CBD of the city as a solution of an economic 4.Security
equilibrium
SCURP forCOURSE
2017 : A BASIC the market for REGIONAL
IN URBAN AND space. PLANNING
Bid Rent Theory (William Alonso, 1960)

Poorest houses
and buildings

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Bid Rent Theory (William Alonso, 1960)
Functional Zones within a City
1.The CBD is the central, most accessible, most expensive part of a
city
2.The Inner City is the area immediately surrounding the CBD; has
adverse social and economic conditions
3.The Industrial Zone
4.The Residential Zones
Divided in 3 groups:
Low Income: 1st generation immigrants and poorer groups.
Middle Income: 2nd generation immigrants, and wealthier
groups.
High Class Residential: wealthiest groups
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Theories of Spatial Interaction

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Gravity Model of Human Interaction
Analyzes spatial interaction bet. Features
spatially separated nodes (migration, › Assumption 1: Large
commodity flows, traffic flows, places attract people,
residence-workplace trips, etc) ideas, and
commodities more
than smaller
“Interaction bet. two centers is directly
proportional to their size and inversely
proportional to the distance between them” › Assumption 2: Places
closer together have
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING greater attraction
Gravity Model of Human Interaction
Friction Factors: You'd probably
If you are to go shopping at one of two choose shopping
center A, because the
identical shopping centers described below, trip takes less than
which would you choose? half as long as a trip
to shopping center B,
Shopping Center A is 10 km away, 8 minutes even though B is
closer.
by expressway
Friction factors
represent the effect
Shopping Center B is 5 km away, 20 minutes that various levels of
by city streets travel time have on
travel between zones.
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
REGIONAL PLANNING THEORIES

1. Growth Poles Concept

1. Regional Development Planning

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Growth Pole Concept
Perroux’s Growth Pole Thesis
“Growth does not appear everywhere
at the same time, it manifests at
points or poles of growth, with
variable intensity; it spreads through
different channels, with various
terminal effects on the whole of the
economy.”
Francois Perroux
1903-1987
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Growth Pole Concept

POLES – can either be firms or


industries of group of firms of
industries which can be
propulsive if it has high
interaction with many other
firms, high degree of dominance
and great in size.

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Cumulative Causation
Theory
- Classical theory of dev’t w/
reference to spatial dimension
- “Multiplier Effect” – dev’t of new
industry in inner cities encourage the
concentration of further industrial
activities (spread effect)
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Introduction of a new
industry or expansion of
an existing firm

Multiplier Effect

Area becomes a
growth pole

Gunnar Myrdal’s Theory of Cumulative Causation


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Automobile Industry
Forward Linkage
When one industry or sector produces the raw materials for another

Backward Linkage
When growth of an industry leads to the growth of the industries
that supply it; for example, growth of the textile industry may
encourage the growth of the cotton industry

Auto industry has a direct backward linkage to the steel industry and an indirect
backward linkage to the coal and iron industries (since coal and iron are inputs
to steel production)

Forward linkages exist when the growth of an industry leads to the growth of the industries that
use its output as input, or when the output of an industry helps propel another industry; for
example, through a forward linkage agricultural development in the United States helped create
the railroad system because railroads transported agricultural products
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Core-Periphery Theory
(Friedman)
- Spread Effects -

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


CORE AND PERIPHERY THEORY
The theory highlights the inequality in levels of
development between core and periphery.

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Regional Planning Theories
Polarization and Trickle Down
A trickle-down process (Albert
Effect (Albert Hirschman) Hirschman’s term) or spread
effect (Gunnar Myrdal’s term)
“Backwash effect” = counteracts the initial depletion
loss of jobs and Counteracted over of human and financial resources
migration of young time by “trickle down” in the hinterland caused by
toward growth poles effect which makes polarization (or backwash).
(Polarization) periphery more
Growth at poles attractive spurring Growing markets, new technology
= decline in urban and rural and friction of distance combine
peripheral areas migration with congestion, pollution in the
heartland (urban center) and the
amenities of the hinterland,
making outlying areas more
Regional attractive to development over
time.
Planning
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Industrial Location Theory

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Industrial Location Theories
• Comparative Advantage
• Theory of Agricultural Location
• Least Cost Approach (Weber)
• Market Area Approach (Losch,
Hooever)
• Profit Maximizing Approach
(Isaard and Greenhut)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Regional Planning Theories and Concept

Industrial Location
• Comparative Advantage
• (David Ricardo-1772-1823)

- Site that has the tendency to produce more output per unit of input given
factors such as natural endowments, transportation, institutional
advantages, amenity factors, etc.

- Sites near metropolitan areas enjoy high comparative advantage

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Regional Planning Theories and Concept

Industrial Location
• Theory of Agricultural Location
• (Johann Heinrich von Thunen-1783 to 1850)

• Use of a piece of land = function of cost of transport to market and


land rent a farmer can afford to pay (determined by yield)
• Agricultural land use = accessibility, costs, distance, and prices

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Industrial Location Theories
Least Cost Approach (Alfred Weber,
1909)

Market Area Approach (Losch and


Weber)

Profit Maximizing Approach (Walter


Isaard, 1956 and Melvin Greenhut,
1974)
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Industrial Location Theories
Least Cost Approach (Alfred Weber)

Choose location where the costs


(transportation, labor and agglomeration) are
least

If sources of raw materials are found in a single site


and the principal market in another site, firm should be
located at the market or some site between the source
of raw materials and the market

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Industrial Location Theories
Market Area Approach (Losch and
Weber, 1909)

Optimum location is a function of aggregate


demand

Optimum location is the place where


profits are maximum (revenues exceed
costs by largest amount)

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Industrial Location Theories
Profit Maximizing Approach (Isaard
and Greenhut)

Companies locate to maximize revenues not


locations with least cost

Costs and revenues vary with location

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Regional Planning Theories and Concept

Industrial Location Modalities


* Special Economic Zone

* Industrial Estate

* Export Processing Zone

* Agro-industrial Development

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Special Economic Zone (Ecozone)
* selected areas with highly developed or
potential to be developed into
- agri - industrial
- industrial
- tourist
- recreational
- commercial
- banking
- investment and financial center

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Special Economic Zone (Ecozone)
* boundaries fixed or delimited by
presidential proclamation

* may contain any of the following :


- industrial estates
- export processing zones
- free trade zones
- tourist and recreational centers
SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Industrial Estate (IE)
• tract of land subdivided and developed according to a
comprehensive plan under a unified continuous management

• with provisions for basic infrastructure and utilities; with and without
pre-built standard factory buildings (SFBs) and community facilities
for the use of the community of industries

• minimum size of 50 hectares of contiguous land with facilities to


accommodate at least 5 locators

RA 7916: Special Economic Zone Act of 1995


SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
• a specialized industrial estate located physically and/or
administratively outside the customs territory

• predominantly oriented to export production

• enterprises allowed to import capital


equipment and raw materials free from
duties, taxes and import restrictions

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
• PZs have played a significant role in the economy of
the Philippines

• First four Government-sponsored zones; the Bataan,


Mactan, Baguio City and Cavite EPZs.

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING


Thank you

SCURP 2017 : A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

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