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Quantum Theory
and the Electronic
Structure of Atoms
c
3.00 10 m/s 8
14 1
7
8.52 10 m
3.52 10 s
9
10 nm
8.52 10 m
7
852 nm
m
Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 10
6.2 Quantum Theory
• 1900 - Max Planck
• Radiant energy could only be emitted or
absorbed in discrete quantities
• Quantum: packets of energy
• Correlated data from blackbody
experiment to his quantum theory
• Revolutionized way of thinking (energy
is quantized)
109 m
700.0 nm 7.00 107 m
nm
3.00 108 m/s
7
4.29 1014 1
s
7.00 10 m
34 14 1
E (6.63 10 J s)(4.29 10 s )
E 2.84 1019 J
18 1 1
E 2.18 10 J 2 2
4 1
E 2.04 1018 J
h
mu
where = wavelength
m = mass (kg)
u = velocity (m/s)
Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 34
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of
the “particle” in the following two cases:
6.63 1034 kg m 2 / s
4.3 10 35 m *
(0.025 kg)(612 m/s)
34
6.63 10 kg m /s 2
31
5
1.16 10 m
(9.109 10 kg)(63.0 m/s)
* Wavelengths of macroscopic particles are imperceptibly small and really
have no physical significance.
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Z = 35 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5 (Br)
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Z = 26 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 (Fe)
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 61
6.9 Electron Configurations
and the Periodic Table
• Position on the periodic table indicates
electron configuration
• What similarities are found within
groups on the table?