Report - Sime Darby Convention Centre-Min

BUILDING SCIENCE II
MARCH/2018 BLD 60803)

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Hons) IN ARCHITECTURE
PROJECT 1:
Auditorium : A Case Study on Acoustic Design
TUTOR: Mr Azim Sulaiman

GROUP OF:
Ho Jing Wen 0331377

Olivia Jong Jing 0331211
Tan Kah Inn 0322020
Tan Tze Yih 0331212
Tay Siew Wen 0322879
Sii Siaw Hua 0322608
Wee Sue Wen 0322633
Wong Mei Xin 0323824
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.Introduction
1.1 Architectural Acoustic Design
1.1.1 Literature Review
1.1.2 General Principle
1.1.3 Acoustical Phenomena in Enclosed Spaces
1.1.4 Acoustic defects (echo, delayed reflected sound, sound shadow)
1.2 Site Introduction
1.2.1 About SDCC
1.2.2 Background
1.2.3 About SDCC Auditorium
1.2.4 Auditorium Floor Plan
1.2.5 Auditorium Sectional Plan
2.0 Acoustic Design Analysis

2.1 Construction Materials
2.1.1 Sound Absorption Materials
2.1.3 Sound Reflector at Ceiling/Wall
2.2 Sound Source
2.2.1 Interior
2.2.2 Exterior
2.3 Sound Propagation
2.3.1 Sound Source Location
2.3.2 Numbers & Position of Speakers
3.3.3 Sound Travel Path
3.3.4 Sound Shadow Area
4.0 Sound Meter Reading

5.0 Reverberation Time Calculation
6.0 Conclusion
6.1 Recommend
7.0 References
A Case Study on Acoustic Design : Sime Darby Convention Centre Auditorium
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Architectural Acoustic Design

1.1.1 Literature Review
Architecture acoustic is defined as the study of a sound in space. It is the science and
engineering of achieving a good sound within a building for example, achieving good speech
intelligibility in a theatre, restaurant or railway station, enhancing the quality of music in a
concert hall or recording studio, or suppressing noise to make offices and homes more
productive and pleasant places to work and live in. Architectural acoustic design is usually
done by acoustic consultants.
With proper design efforts, wanted sound can be heard properly an unwanted sounds(noise)
can be attenuated or masked to the point where they do not cause annoyance.Achieving good
acoustics, however, has become increasingly difficult for a variety of reasons. To lower
construction costs, the weight of various materials used in many of today’s buildings has
been reduced. Since light structures generally transmit sound more readily than heavy ones,
lightweight buildings have the potential for major acoustical problem.
Building owners and tenants are aware that quality acoustic environments are required for
high productivity and comfort in buildings and hence competitive rental or purchase values.
The architect is expected to provide such acoustic quality. Proper acoustic design responses
early in the design process are critically important, as after-the-fact acoustics “repair” is
often difficult and sometimes impossible without substantial structural alterations which
are very costly.
1.1.2 General Principle
The main driver behind acoustic design in auditoriums comes down to the phenomenon above: Strive
to keep and enhance ‘early’ reflections to arrive at the listener no more than 50 milliseconds after the
direct sound; and dampen and reduce ‘late’ reflections that would arrive at the listener more than
50ms after the direct sound. At a given listener location, if there is more early acoustic energy than
late, speech will be intelligible. To that end, surfaces should be provided and shaped to provide such
early reflections, and reflection paths that provide late acoustic energy should be made acoustically
absorptive. The auditorium, as a place for listening developed from the classical open-air theaters.
An auditorium includes any rooms intended for :
- Listening to music including theaters
- Classrooms
- Churches
- Meeting Hall
The design of various types of auditoriums has become a complex problem, because in addition to its
various, sometimes conflicting, aesthetics, functional, technical, artistic and economical
requirements, an auditorium often has to accommodate an unprecedentedly large audience.
Sound in the outdoors, travelling room their source in a continuously extending spherical wavefront
rapidly attenuate as the distance from their source increases.
In designing rooms for various purposes, the architect will encounter acoustical problems associated
with enclosed spaces.
The propagation and behaviour of sound in enclosed spaces however are more complex than in the
open air.
Different Shape of Hall
Floor plan of various shape of general hall for auditorium
To give satisfactory results without introducing complications in the acoustical treatment of the hall
is the FAN-SHAPED PLAN.
1.1.3 Acoustical Phenomena in Enclosed Spaces
Sound waves change their direction of travel through four categories of phenomena : reflection,
refraction, diffraction and diffusion. These phenomena can occur when changes occur in a sound
wave's medium of travel.
Behaviour Of Sound in Enclosed Spaces :

1. Incident or Direct sound
2. Reflected Sound
3. Sound absorbed by surface treatment
4. Diffused or Dispersed sound
5. Diffracted or bent sound
6. Transmitted sound
7. Sound Dissipated within the structure
8. Sound conducted by the structure
1.1.4 Acoustical Defects

Acoustical conditions in a big room, ballroom or auditoriums, are achieved when there is clarity
of sound in every part of occupied space. Acoustical defects includes echoes, sound shadows
and reverberation.
To avoid acoustical defects, sound should rise to a suitable intensity without echoes or
distortion of original sound delivered to the listener, with correct reverberation time.
1.2 Site Introduction

1.2.1 About SDCC
Owned by SIme Darby Property Berhad, the Malaysia-based diversified multinational, Sime
Darby Convention Centre is located within the vicinity of the TPC Kuala Lumpur.
Name of Building : Sime Darby Convention Centre (SDCC)

Location of Building : 1A. Jalan Bukit Kiara 1, Bukit Kiara, 60000 Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur.
Founded : 2006
Location of Auditorium : LG Level
Type of Auditorium : Speech Purposes
Total Volume : 3,000 sq.ft.
Total Ceiling Height : 19 ft.
Total Seat : 180
1.2.2 Background
Officially launched on 6 Dec 2007 by the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Sime Darby Convention
Centre (SDCC) caters to meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions and is well
known for weddings and celebrations. Since then, SDCC has had a new look with new
facilities.
Set in the vicinity of the prestigious Kuala Lumpur Golf & Country Club, SDCC brings a new
level of charm and sophistication to the art of meetings, exhibitions and banquets.
With a beautiful backdrop of lush greenery and undulating fairway, the SDCC offers a perfect
setting for business and social events in an elegant and exclusive environment.
1.2.3 About Auditorium
The fan shaped 180-seater auditorium is an ideal venue for award presentations, seminars
and training. The state-of-the-art audio visual system and the luxurious seating in a
conducive set up allows full view of the presenters and perfect for a plenary session or
stages theater production.
Auditorium
1.2.4 Auditorium Floor Plan
Sime Darby Lower Ground Floor Plan
STAGE
APRON
SE
CA
AIR
ST
HOUSE LEFT HOUSE RIGHT
AUDIENCE (HOUSE)
CONTROL ROOM
MAIN ENTRANCE
Auditorium Floor Plan

1.2.5 Auditorium Sectional Plan
Auditorium Floor Plan
MAIN ENTRANCE
EXIT
STAGE
AUDIENCE (HOUSE)
Auditorium Sectional Plan

2
ACOUSTIC DESIGN ANALYSIS
2.1 Construction Materials
WALL
In this auditorium, the walls are designed with specific angles to reflect sound and they are also
covered with different material such as timber wall frame, acoustic cushion panels and hollow timber
wall frame, in order to achieve the acoustic requirement as a speech hall.
HOLLOW TIMBER WALL FRAME WITH

ACOUSTIC CUSHION PANELS
Wall panel
MATERIALITY OF THE WALL
Material of wall
ACOUSTIC TIMBER WALL + ACOUSTIC CUSHION

The wall framing and internal wall coverings often help sound to travel through walls.The sound
bounces off the timber wall in one room.
The most effective ways to ensure walls are :
- Install double frame
- Two unattached wall frames
- Added bonus of allowing extra insulation to be packed inside the wall cavity
Material Indication Diagram
The floor plan below indicate the location of the wall panel. The wall elevations show the acoustic
materiality that applied in the auditorium room.
2
1
1. Entrance Wall
2. Stage Wall
3. Side Wall
Concrete Floor Under Carpet
Gypsum Wall
Acoustic Timber
CEILING
Wall panel and ceiling
GYPSUM BOARD WALL AND CEILING

The ceiling in the auditorium room is considered as tilted ceiling. The characteristics of the
ceiling are :
- High mass is the best defence to reduce airborne noise nuisance -cheap and easy way
to improve the soundproofing of walls and ceilings
- When used along with other noise control products to obtain maximum efficiency.
- Due to its extra high mass, it is better for acoustic control for walls and ceilings.
Detail of wall panel

FLOOR
Carpet floor
Carpet
Carpet Padding
Cement Slab
Detail of flooring system
CARPET + CONCRETE FLOOR
- Concrete absorb sound but has poor sound insulation

- Low sound transmission loss
- Sound absorption coefficient for plain cast concrete is about 0.02,
indicating that about 98% of the sound energy is reflected by the surface
- The more the concrete weighs, or the denser the concrete, the more sound
insulation rating
- A concrete slab is generally an asset for airborne sound isolation. The large
mass provides for a great deal of sound isolation from vibrations entering or
leaving the room
2.1.1 Sound Absorption Materials
Room acoustics describes how sound behaves in a space. That means the listener and the sound
source are in the same room. If the room has nearly no sound absorbing surfaces (wall, roof and
floor), the sound will bounce between the surfaces and it takes a long time before the sound dies
out. The listener in this kind of room will then have a problem registering the speaker because he
hears both the direct sound and repeated reflected sound waves.
If the surfaces instead are covered with sound absorbing material, the reflected sound will decrease
much quicker and the listener will only hear the direct sound. Also, the general sound level in the
room will decrease.
Section of wall showing how sound is absorbed and or reflected
Sound is absorbed at the end of the auditorium to prevent echoes.

FABRIC PANEL
Fabric Panels
Details of fabric panels
Fabric panels are cloth wrapped acoustical panels are designed to absorb unwelcome background
noise inside a hall, reduce echoes and deliver premium sound quality back to the hall
Characteristics: The fabric panels are class A fire rated, decorative, durable, and easy to self install.
PADDED SEATING
Padded Seats
Experts in acoustics says that “if you can’t see, you will think you can’t hear”, so sightlines
are a critical element to a successful venue
Seats in this auditorium is arranged in staggered manner to ensures that everyone in

the room has a great view of the presenter in front. For our auditorium, seats are designed
two-row sightlines. Two-row sightlines rely on staggered seating to allow a view between the
heads in the row immediately ahead and on rise between rows to see over the heads two
rows ahead.
Seat and Back Characteristics
Fire Barrier
Steel
Fabric FCAM
(Optional) Frame
Arms Characteristics (Audit 10 & 20)

Fire
Barrier
Fabric MDF
FCAM
(Optional) Panel
Details of padded seats
Padded seats add to the acoustical absorption of an empty auditorium and allows the space to achieve
a similar quality of sound whether the auditorium is filled to partial or maximum capacity.This can only
be achieved if the material is a padded fabric. A solid, hard material changes the acoustic performance
of the auditorium depending on the number of occupants and the reflected sound vibrations.
CARPET
Carpet
The nylon carpet flooring in the auditorium prevents hard contact with the floor, although there are
no help against airborne sound transmission, and thus attenuates impact sounds. It is, in fact, the
only floor finish that absorbs sound. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) for typical commercial
carpets is around 0.20. The absorptivity is confined mainly on high frequency. However, it also
helps to absorb the bass.
High sound absorption Low sound absorption
carpet Hard floor
Neighbour not disturbed Neighbour disturbed
Diagram showing how carpet absorbs sound

2.1.3 Sound Reflector
Acoustic design began as far back as Ancient Greece — the origin of performance and auditoriums.
Before the advances of microphones hanging from the ceiling or fingernail-sized microphones hidden in
performers’ wigs, builders had to learn how to design their amphitheatres to allow sound from a
performance to be heard all the way in the back. This was achieved through “stepped” seating
arrangements that are still used for theatres and auditoriums today, with the first row at the same
level as the stage, the next row a little higher, and so on and so forth. This “stepped” design is used for
the ceiling in many auditoriums too. This is to let audience have the same distribution of sound.
Smooth walls have a tendency to direct sound waves in a specific direction. Subsequently the
use of smooth surface in an auditorium will cause spectators to receive a large amount of sound from
one location along the wall; there would be only one possible path by which sound waves could travel
from the speakers to the listener. The loudspeaker illuminates its entire view but only a tiny fraction of
the sound actually hits the target, the ears of the people below, the “direct sound”. The rest of the
sound crashing into the walls, floors and carpet, the people, coats, and chairs, the walls, windows and
doors. Everytime some part of the indirect sound hits a surface, it reflects.
Shows how sound is distributed in the auditorium

SOUND DIFFUSER PANEL
Sound Diffuser Panel
Diagrams of reflection, absorption, diffusion
Acoustic treatment is the act of stopping the sound bouncing off the various surfaces of the room. A
diffuser jumbles up these reflections so they don’t return back into the room directly.
The uneven spacing of dented surface helps diffuse sound waves to different direction, hence
reduces the sound intensity.
FABRIC CURTAIN
Fabric curtain
All of the soundwave Some of the

bounces off soundwave is
absorbed
Acoustically absorbing
Acoustically reflective surface (curtains,
surface (wallboard, wood) carpets)
Diagram of how sound bounces off and absorbed
Fabrics include a wide range of textiles that are used on their own (as curtains) or as coverings for
other materials that may or may not be sound absorbing. The curtains used on the stage of the
auditorium can be considered absorbing as they are reasonably heavy (around 500g/m2). A heavy, low
resistant fabric may rate NRC 0.70 or more. Provided they are not airtight, the fabrics make an
acoustically excellent finish that fully preserves the absorptivity of the substrate.
3.2 Sound Source

Sound generated inside a building can be separated into two sources of transmission – airborne
sound and sound transmitted through the building itself.
Airborne sound, from human activities in adjacent living spaces or from mechanical noise, travels
through air, walls, floors and ceilings. Building-transmitted sound can come from occupants in
living spaces above, or low frequency noise transferred through the ground and buildings.
3.2.1 Interior
Sound source
When there are event happening in the Sime Darby Convention Center’s auditorium, sound
may come from the music from speaker, person who is giving speech and etc.
Presenter
Speaker
The interior sounds are enhance via the public address (PA) system, include input and output
components which are the microphone, mobile speakers as well as the mixer.
Microphone PA speaker
Mixer
The location of the components are as following:
Mixer
Speaker
Microphone
Location of components
Unwanted sound source
Unwanted sounds are the sound that is not produced to purpose of the event. These sounds
are categorized as noise. Noises may be coming from the air conditioner, audience chit
chatting, walking down the steps, the opening and closing of the seats and etc.
Air-conditioner
Audience
Walking on the steps

2.2.2 Exterior
Sound Intrusion
Noise entering from the exterior of the auditorium is also known as sound intrusion. From the
diagram below, the yellow highlighted area shows the corridor outside the hall. We conclude
that when there are no event happens at the hall, there are minimal sound intrusion from the
exterior due to the enclosed spaces and lower user at the lower ground floor. They are no
openings at that corridor that allow sound intrusion from exterior into the hall. All the doors at
other rooms are closed. Also, the flooring materials used at the corridor are carpets that
absorbs sound.
Corridor
Sound Intrusion
Floor Plans of Site with Highlighted Corridor
The red highlighted shows the sound intrusion that there are users at that level. The sound
intrusion at the corridor are when people passing by the hall. There are minimal sound
intrusion into the hall but it only intrude before the seatings. The other possible sound
intrusion is from the right side of the hall, which has a door next to the stage. Sound intrusion
happens when there are users using the room and the sound intrude from the door.
2.3 Sound Propagation

Sound is a succession of waves of pressure which propagates through compressible media, for example,
air or water. Sound can proliferate through solids too, however there are extra methods of engendering.
During their propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium.
2.3.1 Sound Sources Location
When a person is giving a speech, the coverage area where the audience can hear clearly is only
focused at the center area of the seats.
Speech
However, when the presenter is giving speech using the microphone, the sound comes out from
the 2 speakers cover a wider area as compared to speech without microphone.
Speech using sound amplifying system

2.3.2 Sound Travel Path
Sound path is the path showing the direction of sound travels out of different sources. Sound path is
controlled within an enclosed area whereas sound path of outdoor sounds are affected by spreading,
absorption, ground configuration, obstacles, wind, pressure and etc.
Sound Propagation from center
Sound Propagation from Speakers at the side.

Sound reflection through tilted ceiling, properly tilted ceilings can contribute more useful sound
reflections. Reflections may be used in room acoustics to distribute and reinforcements sounds.
Sound Propagation from Center through Ceiling

2.3.2 Sound Shadow Area

Sound path is the path showing the direction of sound travels out of different sources. Sound path is
controlled within an enclosed area whereas sound path of outdoor sounds are affected by spreading,
absorption, ground configuration, obstacles, wind, pressure and etc.
Corners that create sound shadow
Sound shadow diagram
Sound shadow is a region of relative silence behind a screen opaque to sound waves,area that is blocking
sound transmission by a non-transmitting object. The sound shadow cast by the head enables humans to
locate the source and direction of the sound.
The collected data shown that the intensity level at this two area is 44 dB which drop from 54 dB. This is
because this two area is located at the left and right corner of the auditorium, this area is blocked by the
timber wall and created a small angled corner which only transmits weak sound wave to here.
4
SOUND METER READING
4.0 Sound Meter Reading

The readings of the sound are taken from air-conditioned hall, from different position of the seats at a
normal speech level without using microphone and with usage of microphone.
Reading without microphone
Reading with Microphone

Low High
Sound Meter Reading

5
REVERBERATION TIME (RT)
5.0 Reverberation Time On Acoustic

Reverberation Time (RT)
The reverberation time can be said to be a measure of a room’s echo since it is the time that it takes
for a sound to decrease with 60 dB from its original sound level.
3360mm
5300mm 4930mm
Sime Darby lower auditorium section
Area of Sime Darby Auditorium: 293m2

Area of Auditorium ceiling : 293m2
Height of Sime Darby Auditorium at main entrance: 3.36 m
Height of Sime Darby Auditorium: 5.3 m
Height of Sime Darby Auditorium at stage area :4.93 m
Volume Sime Darby Auditorium: (3.36m +5.3m)/2 x 293m2= 1268.69m3
Amount of Fabric Panels : 146, total area: 146 x(1m x 0.6m)= 87.6m2
Total Area of Timber Gypsum Wall board :(8+21.12+16.32+12.32)m2= 57.76m2
Area of Gypsum Plaster Wall board:(16.42m x 4.9m)= 80m2
Seating Capacity: 180 pax
Padded Cushioned Seating total area: (0.4m x 0.6m)x 181= 43.44m2
Amount of Acoustic Timber Doors:2, area : 1.57m x 2m= 3.14 m2
Materiality Absorption Coefficient Table

Surface Area (m2) 500HZ
Absorption coefficient Abs. units (m2 sabins)
Ceiling
Gypsum Plaster Board 293 0.15 43.95
Wall
Timber Gypsum Wall Board 57.76 0.08 4.62
Gypsum Plaster Wall Board 80 0.15 12
Fabric Panel 87.6 0.3 26.28
Curtain hung close to wall 49.28 0.25 12.32
Openings
Acoustic Timber Door 6.28 0.44 2.76
Flooring
Carpet, thin, over thin felt on 293 0.25 73.25

concrete floor
Others
Cloth Cushioned Seating 43.44 0.26 11.29
Occupants 180 0.46 82.8
Total Absorption (A) 269.27
* Absorption coefficient taken from http://www.acoustic.ua/st/web_absorption_data_eng.pdf
The reverberation time (T) can be calculated simply from the room’s volume (V) and absorption area (A) through
Sabine’s formula,
RT= 0.16(1268.69)/ 269.27

= 0.75 sec
The reverberation time for SDCC Auditorium is 0.75sec. Since it is used as a small usage of speech purposes
(RT0.75), the RT is considered in range.
6
CONCLUSION
6.0 CONCLUSION
6.1 Recommendation
In a conclusion, there are few functions in acoustical design consideration of rooms for speech
when rooms are used primarily for speech, intelligibility must be given top priority.
The reverberation time for SDCC Auditorium is 0.75sec. Since it is used as a small usage of
speech purposes (RT0.75), the RT is considered in range.
General of reverberation time
Throughout this project, we have learned the importance of architectural acoustic design.
Acoustic plays a role in enhancing the quality of sound and silence noise and undesired sound. A
successful acoustic design should depend the types of usage and function of the place then
apply corresponding acoustic design element that involved in types of construction materials,
types of absorption material, types of acoustic features. After site visit and carry out our
research, we learnt about material absorption coefficient, sound reflection, sound propagation
and others, that we also learnt calculation of reverberation time. We have a fruitful lesson from
this project.
SDCC Auditorium is a fan shape (with straight walls) auditorium that have a less diffuse early
sound field that causes larger seat‐to‐seat variations in acoustical quality and a systematic
variation in acoustical characteristics from the front to the rear of the hall. According to the
research above, SDCC Auditorium is a successful acoustical speech hall as it qualified the
recommended range of speech hall RT (0.75RT) by achieving in acoustical materiality and
acoustical features.
7.0 References
Mishra, P. (2015, August 08). Importance of INTERIOR ACOUSTICS for Architect and Interior Designer.
Retrieved from
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-interior-acoustics-architect-designer-praveen-mishra/
Acoustical Requirements for Auditorium Design | Auditorium Acoustics Design. (2018, April 09).
Retrieved from https://www.controlnoise.com/2017/09/29/auditorium-acoustics-design-now/
Sime Darby Convention Centre. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.simedarbyhospitality.com/sdcc
Sime Darby Property. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.simedarbyproperty.com/sime-darby-convention-centre
Indoor noise – Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate Book. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.velux.com/deic/acoustics/indoor-noise
Propagation of Sound. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/noise_education/web/text/ENG_EPD_HTML/m1/intro_6.html
Theatre Solutions Inc., & Theatre Solutions Inc. (2017, June 30). Auditorium Design: Complete Intro
Guide. Retrieved April 25, 2018, from http://www.theatresolutions.net/auditorium-design/
J., N., Chauhan, R., S., & Theatre Solutions Inc. (2017, June 30). Auditorium Seating Layout &
Dimensions Guide. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from
http://www.theatresolutions.net/auditorium-seating-layout/
(n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2018, from

https://www.customaudiodirect.co.uk/soundproofing-help-articles/noise-control-for-village-halls
Gade, A. C. (1970, January 01). Acoustics in Halls for Speech and Music. Retrieved May 1, 2018, from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-0755-7_9

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BUILDING SCIENCE II

MARCH/2018 BLD 60803)

TUTOR: Mr Azim Sulaiman

Ho Jing Wen 0331377

2.0 Acoustic Design Analysis

4.0 Sound Meter Reading

1.1 Architectural Acoustic Design

1.1.2 General Principle

Different Shape of Hall

Floor plan of various shape of general hall for auditorium

1.1.3 Acoustical Phenomena in Enclosed Spaces

Behaviour Of Sound in Enclosed Spaces :

1.1.4 Acoustical Defects

1.2 Site Introduction

Name of Building : Sime Darby Convention Centre (SDCC)

1.2.3 About Auditorium

1.2.4 Auditorium Floor Plan

Sime Darby Lower Ground Floor Plan

HOUSE LEFT HOUSE RIGHT

Auditorium Floor Plan

1.2.5 Auditorium Sectional Plan

Auditorium Floor Plan

Auditorium Sectional Plan

2.1 Construction Materials

HOLLOW TIMBER WALL FRAME WITH

MATERIALITY OF THE WALL

ACOUSTIC TIMBER WALL + ACOUSTIC CUSHION

Concrete Floor Under Carpet

Wall panel and ceiling

GYPSUM BOARD WALL AND CEILING

Detail of wall panel

Detail of flooring system

CARPET + CONCRETE FLOOR

- Concrete absorb sound but has poor sound insulation

2.1.1 Sound Absorption Materials

Section of wall showing how sound is absorbed and or reflected

Sound is absorbed at the end of the auditorium to prevent echoes.

Details of fabric panels

Seats in this auditorium is arranged in staggered manner to ensures that everyone in

Seat and Back Characteristics

Arms Characteristics (Audit 10 & 20)

Details of padded seats

High sound absorption Low sound absorption

carpet Hard floor

Neighbour not disturbed Neighbour disturbed

Diagram showing how carpet absorbs sound

2.1.3 Sound Reflector

Shows how sound is distributed in the auditorium

SOUND DIFFUSER PANEL

Sound Diffuser Panel

Diagrams of reflection, absorption, diffusion

All of the soundwave Some of the

3.2 Sound Source

The location of the components are as following:

Unwanted sound source

Walking on the steps

Floor Plans of Site with Highlighted Corridor

2.3 Sound Propagation

2.3.1 Sound Sources Location

Speech using sound amplifying system

2.3.2 Sound Travel Path

Sound Propagation from center

Sound Propagation from Speakers at the side.