Analysis of the general block diagram of the motherboard

Posts 1 - Analysis of the general block diagram of

the motherboard
1 - Functions of the Mainboard

In a computer system has about 10 different devices such as:

- CPU - Video Card

- Sound Card - Card Net
- HDD - CDROM
- FDD - Keyboard
- Mouse

· The devices have very different speed

For example, at the foot speed of the CPU is 800MHz,

but the foot speed and RAM speed is 400MHz over Card Soundonly 66MHz

- The routing number (the BUS) is different, so the CMA devices can not
connect directly to each other

- Mainboard is a device that acts as an intermediary to connect all devices

on computer systems linked together intoa unified structure, so the motherboard
has the following functions:

* The functions of the motherboard

- Mount the components on a computer system together

- Control elements of BUS changes to suit the different components
- Management of supply for components on the Main
- Provides host clock (clock) to synchronize the operation of the
system
Because of the important functions on the Main incident when the
computer can not work.

* Computer system with devices mounted on it, In the motherboard the main
ingredient is
the North Bridge(north Chipset), Sourth Bridge (south Chipset), IC SIO (IC co
ntroller ports). Three main components of themotherboard plays an
intermediary role to mount the device's of computer systems into
a unified structure.
 2 - Block diagram of the motherboard

2.1 - The main components of the motherboard

* Soket (CPU sockets)

There are different types depending on the CPU socket type
motherboard
- On the Mainboard Socket 370 Pentium 3
- Socket 478 Pentium 4 motherboard on the
- Socket 478 Pentium 4 motherboard on the
Socket pins controlled by the chipset north.

* North Bridge (north Chipset)

- Chipset North is responsible for control of high speed components like CPU,
RAM,and Video Card
- Chipset BUS speed control and switch control data, ensuring data back and
forth between the components is a smooth and continuous, fully exploit the speed
of the CPU and RAM
- It can be a chipset like the traffic in an intersection, as drivers switch traffic lights
to allow each data stream passes through a period of time, while speed control is a
BUS different directions of the intersection, the vehicle must run on a specified
speed.

* Sourth Bridge (south Chipset)

- The function is similar as chipset north, but the south bridge driver chipset
components slower as: Sound Card, Net Card, hard disk, CD ROM drive, USB port,
SIO and BIOS IC etc..

* ROM BIOS (Read Only Memory - Basic In Out System)

ROM is read-only memory IC, BIOS is a program loaded in ROM by the
manufacturer
loaded Mainboard, BIOS program has the following functions:

- Start the computer, maintaining the operation of the CPU

- Error checking the RAM and Video Card
- Manage the chipset drivers for north, south chipset, IC-SIO and onboard
video
card
- Supply of CMOS SETUP default settings for our machine can not operate
CMOS
settings

* IC SIO (Super In Out) - IC controller ports to the data

 - SIO control Parallel port devices such as printers, scanners, floppy
controller,
serial ports as COM ports, PS / 2
- The SIO also supervise other departments on Main activities to provide signal
incident
- Integrated power control circuit switches, making the system reset signal.

* Clockgen (clocking) - Clock pulse generator circuit

Clock pulse generator circuit has an important role on the Mainboard ,

The generated clock provided on Main components operate simultaneously
synchronize the operation of the entire computer system, if broken, the clock circuit
components on Main unable to work, clocking circuit after the first operation Main
sources of supply.

*VRM (Vol Regu Module) - voltage regulator module.

This is the power control circuit for CPU VCore, the circuit is responsible for hanging
the voltage 12V/2A to 1.5 V and current up to 10A to the CPU level, the circuit
includes components such as Mosfet , IC oscillator, the filter circuit LC

* AGP or PCI Express slot

AGP and PCI Express slots to add video card, AGP or PCI Express slot north controlled
by the chipset.

 Slot RAM
Memory RAM controlled by the chipset north to add RAM memory, this memory is
indispensable intermediary in a computer system.

 PCI slot
PCI slot controlled by the chipset south to add the extension Card as Sound Card,
net work card etc..

. IDE port
Gateway Chipset IDE by male drivers, the port used to attach IDE drives such as
HDD, CDROM, DVD ...
See the flash file attached)

The components on the motherboard and the block diagram of the motherboard

2.2 - Block diagram of the motherboard

You click on the word of the components to see notes

Block diagram of the motherboard

POST (Power On Self Test) process and restart the computer test
 The boot process and check the computer's place as soon as you press the switch
to open source, when the screen is not at all at a variety of processes have been
implemented by computer program by the BIOS POST implementation .
Most of the damage to the motherboard are expressed in at startup, so if you
understand the machine's boot process, you can easily determine the cause of
each incident.

The steps in the process of booting the computer (after switch)

1. Switch, the main source of the supply voltage for the Mainboard of the 12V, 5V and
3.3V
2. VCore circuit for CPU VRM power and signal VRM_GD (VRM_Good) to the south
Chipset
3. Clock pulse generator circuit (clocking) activities, providing the components on the
Main Clock pulse to operate
4. When Vcc, Clock IC with pulse-SIO operation.
5. IC-SIO Reset signal generation to launch men Chipset
6. Chipset male activities
7. If the chipset signals VRM_GD male Reset signal generation system
8. Chipset North activities
9. North Chipset CPU generated reset signal
10. CPU operation
11. CPU signal access for loading ROM BIOS program
12. Program RAM BIOS memory test
13. Program Card Video BIOS test
14. BIOS to load the configuration stored in CMOS RAM
15. Check the port and the drive in the CMOS setup
16. Run the hard drive and load the operating system from hard disk to RAM

Posts 1 - Analysis of power management circuit diagram on the Mainboard

Power controller on the motherboard

1. The components of the circuit.

Controller on the motherboard has power control function switches the source and
stability of power supply voltagefor CPU, Chipset, RAM, Video Card and other
components.

The topics we need to understand include:

- The voltage of the ATX power

- Circuit power supply voltage for CPU VRM
- Mach Chipset voltage source
- Circuit voltage source for RAM

2. The ATX power voltage.

ATX power supply has two parts as before (Standby) and the
main source (Main Power)
- When we plugged in to AC 220V power
supply, Standby power supply operation down immediately andmotherboar
d voltage
STB 5V voltage circuit will provide startup resources on men and IC Chipset-
SIO (primary source does not workwhen you do not press the switch)
- When you press the switch => impact on
the startup circuit in southern Chipset => ON P. Chipset givencommand => p
assed through IC-SIO and making trouble leg of P. ON ATX power plug to
the pin (P . ON thelegs have a green wire), upon command P. ON
(= 0V) => source will operate the main Power.
- The main source of work => Mainboard supply voltages down
to 3.3 V (via the orange wire), 5V (via the redwire), 12V (via the yellow wire),-
5V via a white wire -12V and the

o The black wire: Mass

o The orange wire: 3.3 V

o The red wires: 5V

o The yellow wire: 12V

o purple wires: 5V STB (first level)

o white wire: - 5V

blue color here:-12V

o a green wire: P. ON (open source command)

When P. ON = 0V is the open source
When P. ON> 0V is off the main

o gray wire is pin PG (Power Good - good source report)

The wires the same color have the same voltage, the ATX power them comes from a
point, but the manufacturer is divided into several fibers with the aim to increase the
contact area on the plug in Iraq, while minimizing the problems caused by the fault
contact

3.The voltage regulator circuit on the motherboard.

3.1 - The power supply voltage directly to the components (not the voltage) On the
motherboard there are a number of components used directly from the ATX power
supply to the circuit without any pressure, it's components:

IC Clock gene (Clock pulse generator) directly using 3.3 V power

Chipset men use direct voltage 3.3 V, 5V and 5V STB
IC-SIO directly using 3.3 V and 5V source STB

(The components used directly from the ATX power supply or crash when you use
poor-quality ATX)

3.2 - The voltage regulator circuit:

Other components such as CPU, RAM, Video Card Chipset north and they often
run at low voltage so they have a separate circuit voltage to low voltage from 3.3 V
power, 5V or 12V to the power level low voltage from 1.3 V to 2.5 V.

a) Circuit VRM (Voltage Regulator Module - module voltage):

VRM is the source for the CPU voltage regulator circuit, this circuit has the
function 12V variable voltage decrease to about 1.5 V and currents up to 2A from
about 10A to provide for the CPU
- On the motherboard VRM circuit Pen3 the voltage change from 5V to about 1.7 V
supply for the CPU

b) Regulator _Chipset Circuit (circuit voltage for the chipset)

- The power supply voltage regulator circuit for the chipset, the Intel chipset's
north and south often use voltage is 1.5 V and VIA generally use Chipset voltage
about 3V

c) Regu_RAM Circuit (circuit voltage for RAM)

- With audio SDRAM Pentium 3 system using the 3.3 V voltage regulator is not
required
- Thanh DDR voltage using 2.5 V 1.8 V DDR2 and uses DDR3 uses 1.5 V bar so we
need a voltage regulator circuit to reduce voltage to an appropriate voltage.

You put the mouse pointer on the diagram to see notes

Power circuit diagram of the motherboard

3.3 - Analysis of power supply circuit diagrams on the Mainboard

- When plugged in, the Standby power on ATX activity => STB 5V supply to the
motherboard through the purple wire of the power Iraq.
- When you press the switch => circuit on the motherboard to boot P. ON = 0V order
to control the main sources of activity, the main source of run => Mainboard to
provide the voltage: 3.3 V 5V and 12V, and a secondary sources
as-5V and-12V
- 3.3 V Power supply directly to the Clock pulse generator IC, Chipset men, BIOS and
IC-SIO - while passing through the circuit voltage drops 1.5 V supply for the chipset
(Intel) or 3V finished lower level for the chipset VIA.
- Source 12V VRM voltage regulator circuit passing down to about 1.5 V supply
voltage for the CPU
- Power supply 5V to the chipset and the PCI expansion card, reducing the voltage
to 2.5 V through the voltage regulator circuit to supply power to RAM

# Open source activity on the Mainboard

(See the flash file attached)
The process of power control on the motherboard

Note the source control:

- When plugged in, Standby power operation before 5V supply voltage for the
circuit STB Chipset boot on male and
IC-SIO
- When you switch from male Chipset offers open source P. ON command, the
command is passed through the IC-SIO and bring it to the foot of P. ON supplies
power to the motherboard Iraq (through the green wire) to control up to the Main
Power source activities.
- The main source for the operating voltage is:
* 3.3 V - Level directly to the IC as Chipset male, SIO and Clock gene while
passing through the voltage regulator circuit to supply Regu
The main source for both 1.5 V Chipset
* Chipset 5V supply directly to the south, and granted to the PCI card
expansion
* 12V for VRM voltage regulator circuit to reduce the pressure to about 1.5 V
power supply for CPU
- If the VRM circuit works well (no problem) it will give the source VCore (1.5 V) for
CPU and signal VRM_GD (VRM_Good) reported male Chipset, this is the signal
protection, if any This signal report, men understood Chipset CPU ready Chipset
works and gives a RESET signal to start the machine.