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6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Abstract: This paper deals with minimization of the turning moment by optimization of efficiency of square threaded
mechanical screw jack with respect to different helix angles. Mathematical model has been done to quantify the effect of
varying helix angles. It is concluded that efficiency become large and optimum at helix angle 3.69529360 for 10000 Kg
screw jack.
Keywords: - Optimization, Mechanical screw jack, square thread, helix angle, mathematical modeling.
1. INTRODUCTION
Screw jack is a portable device use to raise or lower the
load. The jack’s movement is similar to the movement of
a weight on an inclined plane, since when one thread is
developed, it is an inclined plane as shown in figure 1
The relationship between helix angle, mean diameter and
lead can be given by
tan α = P/πdm = l/ πdm = np/ πdm
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
For multi start screws P is replaced by lead ‘l’. The removal rate & surface roughness of a die sinking
square threads are mainly used in screw jacks. (PMEDM) for hole drilling application. A new
Optimization is the act of obtaining the best result under mathematical modeling been developed by using
given circumstances. The ultimate goal of optimization dimensional analysis to study the effect of various
is to either minimize the undesired effect or maximize process parameters like duty cycle, voltage, voltage
the desired benefit. Optimization can be defined as the concentration etc. on material removal rate (MRR) and
process of finding the conditions that gives the surface roughness > The model has been validated using
maximum or minimum value of a function. The the experimental values [6] S.Charles P.Venugopal & R.
optimum design for mechanical elements should be Bright Reginold raja conducted tests by varying different
conducted on the basis of most significant quantity to be cutting parameters and effect of built up base nose size
minimized or maximized. The optimization is done and frank wear analyzed by using design of experiments.
either to maximize desirable effect or to minimize the Mathematically models were developed to quantify this
undesirable effect [13]. In Screw Jack application there effect [7]. Hem Chandra Reddy , and Krishna Reddy
are number of hazards such as dropping, tipping or have given a mathematical flow model which has been
slipping of machines or machine parts during the developed to study the performance of helical capillary
operation. These hazards lead to serious accidents. The tubes which simulated a situation closer to that existing
main reasons of such accidents are as follows in practice [8].B.R. Singh and Omkar Singh optimize the
a) The load is improperly secured on the Screw output of vane type air turbine. To different injection
Jack angles. Mathematical model than to quantity the effect of
b) The Screw Jack is overloaded varying injection angle, expansion due to isobaric,
c) C.G. of load is off center with respect to the axis adiabatic, expansion and steady flow work of high
of Screw Jack pressure air he concluded that power output becomes
d) Screw Jack is not placed on hard and level surface large and optimum at injection angle 600 to 750 and
e) It is used for purpose for which it has not been decreases their after [9]. T.G. Lokhande and A.S.
designed Chatpalliwar have optimized efficiency of screw jack by
varying helix angles and keeping friction angle constants
2. LITERATURE REVIEW [16].
In the earlier study B.R.Singh & Onkar Singh a
Table I: Parameter on which the efficiency depends.
prototype of air turbine was developed & its
functionality was ensured by testing it [1]. R.K. Jain & Symbol Parameter
B.D. Gupta have conducted study on experimental dc Core diameter of screw.
investigation on the rotary furnaces. They have done do Outer diameter of screw.
modeling & simulation of energy (fuel) consumption of dm=do+dc/2 Mean diameter of screw.
L.O.P. fired rotory furnace. [2] The multilayer feed Pb Bearing pressure.
foreword modeling method (with two hidden layers) of n No of threads.
artificial neural network continued in mat lab Software is Φ =tan-1µ Friction angle.
used for modeling & simulation of energy (fuel) µ = tanΦ Coefficient of friction
between nut & screaw.
communication. Claudiu Valentin Suciu, Hozumi Goto,
α =tan-1(P/πdm) Helix angle.
Hisanori Abiru have optimized screw worm jack by T= W*dm/2*tan(α+Φ) Torque to be raised or
imposing constraints on it. It was optimized for lowered.
maximum efficiency & minimum overall size [3]. η Efficiency
Mastaka Yoshimura described a total system P Pitch of threads
optimization method from conceptual design stage of
final product realization [4]. N.S. Yalovoi and A. M. 3. MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Kats applied complex approach to the optimal design of
The movement of the nut on the screw is similar to the
machine building production to optimize essentially all
movements of a weight man machine plane as shown in
structure parameter [5]. Sunil Jha and manoj modi have
fig.1 & taking the place of weight. The base of inclined
made use of dimensional analysis to investing the effect
plane will be replaced by πdm, If α- Helix angle & p=
of electrical & physical parameter on the material
pitch of the threads.
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
The torque to be transmitted is given by Based on the various input parameter listed in table-1 &
mathematical model, the effect of helix angles on
T= w*dm/2*tan (α+Φ) ------------3 various parameter such as efficiency, critical load, core
diameter , outer diameter, torque to be transmitted, no. of
Considering the wear of nut, threads & pitch of threads. Friction angle of screw jack
is 11.3092320, coefficient of friction µ=0.20 for whole
W= π/4*(do2 -dc2 )*Pb*n ---------4 study & bearing pressure were kept constant throughout
the study. Based on the various input parameter listed in
The efficiency of screw jack to lift the load is given by table-1 & mathematical model, the effect of helix angles
on
Efficiency η = tanα /tan (α+Φ) --------5
[A] Helix angle vs. Critical load
tan (α+Φ) =tanα/η -------------6
=P*dm*Pb*n*P/4η
η = P*dm*Pb*n*P/4T. ---------7
T = Pb*P2*dm*n/4η-------------8
Figure 3: Helix angle vs. Critical load
T = π/4*(do2 -dc2)*Pb*n*dm/2*tan(α+Φ).
tanα = 4Tη/(π*Pb*dm2*n*P)
α = tan-1[4Tη/ (π*Pb*dm2*n*P)--------9
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
As the helix angle increase pitch does not change it fyc =Yield stress in compression.
remains constant. It changes slightly.
fyt = Yield stress in tension.
5. CONCLUSION fys = Yield stress in Shear.
Based on the input parameter & result obtain the D1=Diameter of nut at bottom.
following conclusion are drawn are drawn in references
with the efficiency of square thread mechanical screw D2= Diameter of nut ay top.
jack in the range of 10000 to 15000.
H= Height of nut.
(i)As the helix angle increases the efficiency increases
up to certain limit after which it decreases. Wcr =critical load in kg.
(ii) As helix angle increases the critical load decreases. d = Diameter of lever.
(iv)As helix angle increases the turning moment reduces. fb =Bending stress.
(v)As helix angle increases the outer diameter decreases. t1 =Thickness of body at top.
(vii)As helix angle increases the pitch does not change it t2 =Thickness of body at bottom.
remains costnt up to certain value & then it reduses.
t3= Thickness of cup.
Thus from above study it is noticed that the jack
efficiency becomes large and optimum when helix angle D5= Inside diameter of body.
is 3.6952936 when the coefficient of friction is 0.20 and
bearing pressure betn nut & screw is 150 kg/cm2. D6= Outside diameter of body.
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.6, June 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
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