M.Sc.

Part - 1

First semester:

• ENV – 101 : Fundamental of Environmental Science:

1. Definition, principles and scope of environmental science.

2. Ancient agenda for Environment as reflected in Sanskrit.

3. Environmental ethics, education and awareness role of youth, communities, professional,

planners, decision makers and implementers.

4. Basic of Atmospheric Science and Biosphere:

(A) ATMOSPHERE

Composition of atmospheric, Thermal structure of the atmosphere, Physical properties of

each unit, Water substance and Green house gasses in atmosphere. (a) Evolution of
atmosphere, different views regarding origin of atmosphere, (b) Physical and chemical
properties of atmosphere, (c) Structure of atmosphere.

(B) INTRODUCTION TO OCEAN

Physical properties of ocean water, Evaporation condensation and ppt, Hydrological cycle,
Thermo dynamics and dynamics of atmosphere, Alimentary concepts, Season and climate –
earth, sun relationship.

5. Basics of lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.

6. Fundamentals of Ecology, Definition, Subdivisions.

7. Ecosystems : concept of ecosystems, energy flow in ecosystems, energy flow models.

Development and evolution of the ecosystems. Food-chains, ecotone, edge effects, ecological
niche, ecosystem stability.

8. Biogeochemical cycles, food chain and food web.

9. Habitat : Freshwater, marine, estuarine and terrestrial ecosystems.

10. Geographical classification and zones natural resources, conservation and sustainable
development.

**11. Current Developments in the Subject.

• ENV – 102 : Environmental Chemistry :

1. Concept and Scope of Environmental Chemistry :

Definition and explanation for various terms, segments of environment. 26 principles and
cyclic pathways in the environments.

2. Chemistry of Biologically Important Molecules :

Chemistry of Water : Unusual physical properties, hydrogen bonding in biological systems,

unusual solvent properties, changes in water properties by addition of solute. Protein
structure and biological functions, enzymes, enzyme metabolism, biosynthesis of DNA and
RNA, mutations and Gene control during embryogenesis.

3. Soil Chemistry : Formation, constituents and properties of soils, adsorption of

contaminants in soil.

4. Chemistry of Various Organic and Inorganic Compounds. Carcinogenic compounds and

their effects.

Hydrocarbons : Chemistry of hydrocarbon decay, environmental effects, effects on macro and

micro organisms.

Surfactants : Cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, modified detergents.

Pesticides : Classification, degradation, analysis, pollution due to pesticides and DDT

 problems.

Synthetic Polymers : Microbial decomposition, polymer decay, ecological and consideration,

Photosensitize additives.

Lead and its compounds : Physical and chemical properties, behavior, human exposure,
absorption, influence.

Aflatoxin occurrence, chemical composition and properties metabolism, acute toxicity,

carcinogenicity.

5. Destruction of some hazardous substances :

Acid halides and anhydrides, alkali metals, cyanides and cyanogens bromides, chromium,
aflotoxins, halogenated compounds.

6. Physico–Chemical methods for analysis of environmental samples : Physico-chemical

parameters; Definition and determination of conductivity, pH, emf, COD, BOD, Viscosity,
surface tension, estimation of various elements at major, minor trace, ultra trace level
concentrations; Choice of a technique; Principle, merits and demerits of the techniques –
Neutron Activation Analysis, isotope dilution analysis, calorimetric, colourimetry, Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, HPLC, Ion exchange Chromatography and
Polarography.

**7. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Environmental Chemistry : B.K. Sharma, and H. Kaur.

2. Elements of Environmental Chemistry : H.V. Jadhav.

3. Environmental Chemistry : S. K. Banerjee.

4. Environmental Chemistry : J. W. Moore and E. A. Moore.

5. Destruction of hazards chemicals in the laboratory : G. Lunn and E.B. Sansone.

6. A text book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control : S.S. Dara.

7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : G. W. Ewing.

8. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : Chatwal and Anand.

9. Essential of Nuclear Chemistry: H. J. Arnikar

10. Principles of Biochemistry : Lehninger.

11. General Biochemistry : J. H. Well.

12. Environmental Pollution Analysis : Khopkar.

13. Environment Chemistry : A. K. de

14. Environmental Chemistry : M. Satake, ., Do, S. Sethi, S.A. Eqbal.

15. Environmental and Man : The Chemical Environmental : J. Lenihan and W.W. Fletcher.
• ENV – 103 : Environmental Biology :

1. Environmental eslogy : Microbes – classification and their applications in the

environmental sciences. Cultivation and growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms and their
association with man, animals and plants. Microbes as anti-microbial agents, Extremophilic
microorganisms, Microbial metabolism.

2. Biomes and Habitat Diversity : Classification of biomes, major biotic elements of each
biome and their characteristics.

3. Biological diversity of India : Definition and nature, India’s biogeographically history,

physiography, climate and its impact on biodiversity. Indian forest and vegetation types and
diversity of flora and fauna.
 4. Population and Community Ecology.

5. Wetlands Forests and Semi-arid Habitats of India : Definition and types of wetlands,
important wetlands of India and their conservation issues. Forests and semi-arid habitats of
India : their distribution in India, ecological status of forests and arid lands, and their
conservation.

6. Endangered, Endemic and Extinct Species of India : Threatened species categories of

IUCN, threatened species of plants and animals in India and their reasons, Red data books.

7. Environmental biotechnology. Role of biotechnology in conservation of species, in-situ and

ex-situ conservation.

8. Wildlife management and conservation. Protected Areas Network in India : Goals of

management, Strategies for planning. Factors influencing wildlife management such as
habitats, population, behavior, food-habits, health, etc., tools for data collection and analysis.
Human land-use and wildlife management units, important projects for the conservation of
wildlife in India, Role of local communities in wildlife management.

9. Marine Biology : biology of coastal and open sea environment, their distribution,
adaptation and productivity.

10. Biodiversity conservation : Global agreements and national concems. RAMSAR sites,
CBD, Quarantine Regulations, National Forest Policy, Biodiversity Act., Wild-life Protection
Act.

**11. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Microbes, Man and Animals : The Natural History of Microbial Interactions : Linton, A. H.
and Burns, R.G. (1982) john Wiley and Sons.

2. Elements of eslogy : Pelczar, M.J. and Chan ECS, 1981 McGraw Hill.

3. General eslogy : Stainer, R.Y.., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingraham, J.L. 1977. Macmillan Press.

4. Microbial Methods for Environmental Biotechnology : Grainer, J.M. and Lynch, J.M. 1984.
Academic Press.

5. eslogical Methods for Environmental Scientists and Enginners : Gaudy, A.F. and Guady,
E.T. 1980, McGraw Hill.
• ENV-104 – Environmental Geosciences :

The Earth Systems and Biosphere : Conservation of matter in various geo-spheres –

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Energy budget of the earth. Earth’s
thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystem flow of energy and matter. Coexistence in
communities – food webs. Earth’s major ecosystem-terrestrial and aquatic. General
relationship between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian Monsoon, El
Nino. Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances.
Elementary ideas about weather systems, concepts, of radiation balance and energy balance
in atmosphere, Climatic variability and climate change, earths rocess and geological
metrological Hazardous, Natural hazardous and extreme weather events, Food and droughts
in introductory ideas about air pollutions and global warming.

2. Earth’s Processes and Geological Hazards : Earth’s processes; concepts of residence, time
and rate of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards. Study of floods, landslides,
earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche. Perception of the hazards and adjustments to
hazardous activities.

3. Mineral Resources and Environment : Resources and Reserves, Minerals and population.
Oceans and new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean and recycling of
resources. Environmental impact of exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.

4. Water Resources and Environment : Global Water Balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of
sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the
surface water. Types of water. Resources of Oceans. Ocean Pollution by toxic wastes. Human
use of surface ground waters. Ground water pollution.

5. Land-use Planning and Information Technology : The land use plan. Soils, soil
classification, genesis, factors controlling soil formation, evaluation of soil fertility, etc. Soil
 surveys in relation to land-use planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation. Land
information system (LIS). Data base, Retrival of Data base, Data Modeling and Applications.

6. Environmental Geochemistry : Concepts of major, trace and REE. Classification of trace

elements, mobility of trace elements, Geochemical cycles. Biochemical factors in
environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance
of some trace elements. Diseases induced by human use of land.

7. Remote Sensing and GIS : Principles of Remote Sensing and its application of
Environmental Science. Application of GIS in Environmental Management.

8. Conventional and Non-Conventional Energy Sources : Sun as source of energy; solar

radiation and its spectral characteristics; Fossil fuels – classification, composition physio-
chemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas; principles of
generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy conversion, wind, geothermal
energy; solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds; nuclear energy – fission and fusion;
maganetohydrodynamic power, bio-energy. Energy from biomass biogas, anaerobic
digestion; energy use pattern in different parts of the world.

Environmental implication of energy use; CO2 emission, global warming; air and thermal
pollution, radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactions; impact of large-scale
exploitation of solar, wind, Hydro and Ocean energy.

**(9) Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Valdiya, K.S. 1987, Environmental Geology.

2. Keller, E.A. Environmental Geology & Turk and Turk.

• ENV - 105 – Practicals based on ENV-101 – 104 of Semester I :

Practicals based on ENV- 101

1. Classification and identification of minerals (Museum specimens)

2. Preparation of a climatic maps and diagrams

3. Identification of Rocks and specimens.

Practicals based on ENV- 102

1. Estimation of halides in water samples by potentiometry

2. Estimation of Co2+ and Ni2+ by colorimetry / spectrophotometry

3. Estimation of sulphates by turbidometry

4. Estimation of alkali metals in various samples by flame-photometry

5. Water analysis for physico-chemical characteristics

6. Estimation of heavy metals in various samples by AAS

7. Determination of half-life period of a given radionulide

Practicals based on ENV-103

1. A visit to aquatic ecosystem and methods for water and plankton collection.

2. Plankton identification and quantification from river / lake water samples

3. Vegetation studies by line, quadrates and belt transect methods and their analysis.

4. Preparation of media for microbial culture, Isolation and culturing of microbes from soil /
water samples.

Practicals based on ENV 104

1. Analysis of soils for pH, moisture, soil types, EC, conductivity, NPK, Na, Ca.

2. Identification of minerals and specimens and thin sections

 3. Ground water survey and Evaluation of water potentials.

4. Study of Topological sheets and use of stereoscope.

Field visit of 3-4 days duration to study various ecosystems, natural hazards and land-used
patterns.

References :

1. Fundamentals of Ecology : E. P. Odum

2. Modern concepts in Ecology : H. D. Kumar

3. Inorganic Chemistry of Earth : Fergusson J. E.

4. Introduction to Geochemistry : Krauskoph K. B.

5. Environmental Chemistry : Raiswell

6. Environmental Chemistry : S. e. Manahan

7. The Chemistry of Our Environment : R. A. Home

8. Methods in Biotechnology : Hans Peter Schmauder

9. The Chemistry and eslogy of pollution : I. J. Higgins and R. Burns

10. Global environmental Biotechnology : D. L. Wise

11. The Atmosphere : An Introduction to Meteorology : Frederic K. Lutgen, E.J.Tarbuck

12. Introduction to Weather and Climate : Trewartha

13. Introduction to Climatology for Tropics : Ayoade J. O.

14. General Climatology : Critichfield H. J.

15. Climatology : Fundamentals and Applications : Mater J. R.

16. Climatology, Selected applications : Oiver J. E.

17. Fundamentals of Soil Sciences : Henry D. Forth

18. A. Text-Book of Soil Sciences : T. D. Biswas and S. K. Mukherjee

19. Environmental Science : E. D. Enger and B. F. Smith

20. Groundwater Hydrology : D. K. Tosdd

21. Elementary Seismology : Charles F. Richter

22. Eqrthquakes : Bruce A. Bolt

23. Engineering and General Geology : Parbin Singh.

SEMESTER – II

• ENV-201 : Statistical Methods and Computer-based Modeling in

Environmental Sciences.:

1. Sampling, Data collection and recording.

2. Statistical Methods : Data structure, standard deviation and variance. Basic concepts :
Variables, measurements, types of experiments. Measures of central tendency and
deviations.

3. Statistical Methods : Probability and Distribution. Distributions, frequencies and cross-

tabulations. Distributions and distribution fitting. Experimental designs. Statistical Model for
 Pollution (air, water, soil, waste), Air Quality Index. Introduction to remote sensing and GIS.

4. Statistical Methods : Hypothesis testing, significance and correlation. Correlations : Linear

models and regressions. Pearson and other correlation coefficients. Multiple regression.
Difference among means: F-test : 1 way ANOVA; F-test : 2 way ANOVA.

5. Computer applications in environmental modeling.

6. Computer-based modeling : Linear, regression, validation and forecasting.

7. Computer-based modeling for population and population studies.

**8. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Zar, Jerrold H. (1998). Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, N.J.

2. Sokal, Robert and James Rohlf (1997). Biometry, Freeman Press, N.Y.

3. Walpole, R. and R. Myers (1993). Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 5th edn.
MacMillan, N.Y.

4. Wayne, R. Ott (1995). Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis, CRC Press.

5. Manly (2001) Statistics for environmental science and management, Chapman and Hall /
CRC.

6. Ramsay and Schafer (1997). The Statistical Sleuth, Duxbury Press.

• ENV-202 : Water and Wastewater Engineering :

1. Water engineering :

Water Requirements for Domestic Consumption. Population forecasting by the following

methods. Demographic method, Arithmetical progression method, Geometrical progression
method, Logistic methods, Graphical projection method, Final prediction. Quality of water
required for followings.

(a) Domestic, (b) Institutional (Schools, Hostels, Hospitals), (c) Fire fighting, (d) Commercial
(Shopping complex, Hotels, Restaurant),(e) Industrial (Dairy, Sugar, Pulp and Paper, etc.) (f)
Specific requirement at pilgrimage place and recreation activities.

Impact of Future growth and development and change in quality of life on water requirement.

Types of solid in water and their impact on water quality.

Need of water quality standards for domestic & industrial purpose.

Specifications for drinking water (physical, chemical & bacteriological) by Bureau of Indian
Standards & World Health Organization.

Packaged drinking water .

Water Sources – Availability & quality of Surface water (River, stream lake, dam) & Ground
water (Open well & Bore well)

Water Treatment – Principal, Application & Designing of following Unit Operation in water
treatment.

a. Collection & pumping, b. Aeration, c. flocculation, d. Sedimentation,

e. Filtration, f. Disinfections (Chlorination, UV, Ozonization), g. water softening Advance

treatment methods e.g. a. Demineralization, b. Ultra filtration, c. Reverse osmosis, d. Color &
odor removal by activated carbon, e. Iron removal.

Inter-relations between water source, quality of raw water, solids in water & treatment
process.

Selection of appropriate unit operations for the treatment and flow chart of water treatment
plant.
 2. Wastewater engineering for Preliminary & Primary Treatment :

Quantity & Quality of sewage generated, Impact of Future growth & development & change
in quality of life on sewage quality & quantity.

Specification of treated wastewater for disposal into surface water, on land & for treatment.

a. Collection & pumping, b. Screen chamber, c. Grit chamber, d. Oil & grease removal, e.
Dissolve air floatation.

3. Wastewater engineering for Biological Treatment :

Principal, role of microorganisms, ecosystem & designing of following biological Unit

Operation in waste water treatment.

a. Stabilization pond, b. Aerated lagoon, c. Activated sludge process, d. Trickling filter, e.

Anaerobic treatment.

4. Industrial Wastewater :

Selection of appropriate unit operations for the treatment and flow chart of wastewater
treatment plant for a. Dairy, b. Pulp & Paper, c. Galvanizing.

5. Biotechnology & Waste Management :

Application of biotechnology for the Treatment of followings

a. High strength waste e.g. whey & spent wash, b. Primary & secondary sludge, c. Phenol &
cyanide removal.

Different model of anaerobic digestion by combination of attached & suspended growth.

**6. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Manual on water supply & sewerage.

2. Manual on sewerage & sewage treatment, Ministry of works & housing, New Delhi.

3. Waste water engineering, Met Calf & Eddy ;INC, Tata mc Graw Hill.

4. Physico-chemical; Process of water quality control, W. J. Webber, Wiley inter-science.

5. Waste water treatment for pollution control, Dr. Arceivala, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

6. Indian standard for drinking water, BSI, New Delhi.

7. Disposal of municipal waste, House report no. 2012, Report by sub committee on Govt.
Operation, House of representative, March, 24 1965, UK.

8. Water supply & sanitary engineering, Birdie G. S., Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.

9. House waste management in Europe, A Bridgestone H Lidgren, Van Nostard Reinfold Co.
London.

10. Principal of water quality control, T H Y Tebbut, Pergamon press.

11. Waste water treatment plant design, 1977, A manual of practice, Water pollution control
federation
• ENV-203 : Introduction to Environmental Pollution:

1. Noise Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling Methods.

2. Radio-active Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling methods.

Models of radioactive decay, Detection of nuclear radiation’s : G. M. Counter, Scintillation

counter, semiconductor detector; Interaction of radiation’s with matter : interaction of
neutrons, charged particles gamma rays; units of measurements of radiation absorption –
linear, mass atomic and electronic absorption coefficient units for measurement of radiation
 energy – rad, gray rontgen, rbe, rem, sievert; Biological effects of ionizing radiation’s : the
interactions of radiation’s with cells – various stages, somatic and genetic effect; maximum
permissible dose : ICRP recommendations; Internal and external radiation hazards : various
parameters affecting the radiation survey monitoring - personal monitoring equipment’s;
Radiation sources in the environment : natural and man-made, Disposal of radiation waste :
Solid, liquid and gaseous; nuclear power : solution or problem? : reactor safety, the effects
of three miles island and Chernobil.

3. Solid-waste Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling Method.

Classification of wastes – (Domestic, Industrial, Municipal, Hospital, Nuclear, Agriculture),

Transfer and transport, Recycle, Reuse, Recovery, Conversion of solid wastes energy /
Manure, Disposal methods – Generation, Sea disposal, Land disposal, Waste disposal on farm
crops for irrigation purpose.

4. Air Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling methods.

Classification of atmospheric pollutants, Sources of air pollution, Air pollution Indices,

Introduction to air quality modeling, Air pollution Emissions and control – rules and
regulations.

Atmospheric pollutants : Historical perspective : before the industrial revolution, the

industrial revolution in the 20th century, the 1980s sources and classification of air pollutants
: natural air pollutants, intropogenic air pollutants, gaseous pollutants and particulate matter
(PM 10 PM 2.5).

Air pollution due to automobile : sources, emissions from gasoline and diesel powered
vehicles exhaust emission : air fuel ratio spark timing, combustion chamber surface volume
ratio. Control of exhaust emissions : catalytic converters. Emission inventory.

Effect of air pollution on : human health, animals plants.

5. Water Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Introduction – Properties of water,

Types of pollution depending on nature of pollutants and their sources, Analysis of water
pollutants.

**6. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Source book on atomic energy - S. Glasstone, D. Van Nastrand & Germany.

2. Environmental radioactivity – M. Eisendbud, Academic press.

3. Essentials of nuclear chemistry – II, T. Arnikar, Wiley easter.

4. Nuclear chemistry through problems – II, T. Arnikar & N. S. Rajurkar, New age Int. (P)
Ltd.

5. Environmental Science – A study of Inter relationships, E. D. Enger, B. E. Smith, 5th ed.,

W C B publication.
• ENV – 204 : Watershed Management :

1. Introduction to watershed, concept and significance.

2. Physical characteristics of watershed.

3. Hydrological characteristics of watershed.

4. Land-use and land-cover classification, resource appraisal.

5. Water and soil conservation measures.

(a) Drain-line treatment; (b) Area – treatment.

6. Goals, features and watershed as unit of sustainable development.

7. Selection of plant species for plantation.

8. Organic farming and organic fertilizers.

 9. Social Institutions : Gram-Panchayat, Self-help Groups for Women, Farmer. Managed
small-scale irrigation systems (cooperative – Lift-irrigation); Water-shed Development
Committees.

10. Entry Point Activities.

11. Concept and Application of Watershed Plus Activities.

12. Roof-top Water Harvesting and Watershed Development for Semi-urban Areas.

13. Problems of Scaling up the Watershed Appraoch.

14. Agro-forestry systems : (a) Classification; (b) Agrosilvopastoral systems; (c)

Silvopastoral systems; (d) Land Agroforestry. Silviculture, (a) Role of exotics; (b)
Ethnosilvicultural refugia. horticulture and pastureland development : (a) Role of grasses as
fodder. Multipurpose Trees.

15. **Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Wasteland Development – Khan, et al.,

2. Forestry – Segreiya : Champion and Seth.

3. Wasteland News : Periodical.

• ENV-205 : Practicals based on ENV – 201 to 204 of Semester II

1. Comparative analysis of air sampling from clean and polluted area using key parameters.

2. Collection and Interpretation of weather data.

3. Use of computer for MS office, Excel, Power Point for analysis of data.

4. Statistical methods for analysis of environmental data : Chi-square, f.t.z test, diversity and
similarity indices, cluster analysis and principle component analysis.

5. Field visit to river/lake and water and waste water treatment plants.

6. Measurement of sounds by DB meter in silent, industrial, residential and commercial

zones.

7. Development of flow sheet of effluent treatment plant.

8. Designing of plant.

9. Radio active beta-decay.

10. Energy of beta particles.

11. Neutron activation.

12. Assignment of the work in consultation with supervisor for Summer Training Program
(Internship) one and a half month duration.

SEMESTER – III

• ENV-301 : ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING RURAL AND URBAN

1. Environmental Planning : Historical background to know the adverse effects of lack of

environmental planning.

Importance of Baseline environmental status (Water, Soil, Air, Natural assets, Demography,
Heritage, meteorology).

Important concepts & parameters for planning a. State & national law and Act to protect the
Environment, Socio-economic issues and demographic factors, b. Industrial & business
growth patter, c. Natural resources and exploitation patter, d. Transportation and
accessibility, e. Human resources, social behavior, economical status & aspiration for growth.
Important issues in planning a. Willingness to pay for development, b. Rehabilitation and
resettlement, c. Waste generation and disposal, d. Impacts on socio-economical status, e.
Change in quality of life.

2. Urban and Rural Planning : Demographic considerations, national and regional planning
parameters for urban and rural areas. Development indices, industrial and business growth
pattern, indigenous assets and liabilities, natural resources and exploitation patterns,
accessibility and transportation development, industrial development and growth prospects,
human resources, services levels and social aspirations, willingness to pay, rehabilitation and
resettlement issues.

3. Equity Environment versus Development : Importance of critical review of plan with

respect to local, regional & immediate & long term gains & Effect of Development.

Comparison between a. Exploitation and safe guard for conservation, b. Rate of utilization
and regeneration, c. Natural and manmade growth, d. Survival need of mankind and
protection of environment.

Integration of development with carrying capacity of Environment.

Case study of current issue – Development plan for Pune in 2003.

4. Environmental Audit, Methods, Risk Analysis, Disaster Management : Definition of

Environment Audit & its importance for industries.

Requirements of Rule 14 for Environmental Audit under Environmental protection Act 1986.

Definitions of a. Signatory, b. Consumption Audit, c. Pollution audit, d. Hazardous audit, d.

Solid waste audit, e. Disposal audit, f. Cost audit, g. Investment audit, h. Voluntary audit.

Waste minimization & waste utilization.

Need & Definition of Risk Analysis, Identification of risk due to project activities, Cost of
alleviation of risk & impact on project cost.

Disasters (any two) reported in past and their causes.

Identification of possible causes of disaster.

On site & off site management strategies.

Preparation of Disaster control plan for molasses base distillery.

5. National Policy on EIA and Regulatory Framework : Rule & regulations of central & state
Government and Central & State pollution control boards for Safeguard for Environmental
Protection e.g. Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act. 1974, Air (Prevention & control
of Pollution) Act 1981, etc.

Rule & regulations & guidelines given for disposal of hazardous waste, municipal solid waste
& bio-medical waste e.g. Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Act 1989.

6. EIA and Rapid EIA Methods : Historical perspective & definition of EIA & EIS. Negative &
positive aspects & uncertainties in EIA.

Conceptual approach for EIA studies its scope & objectives.

Collection of base line data for element of components (water, air, soil, noise, socio-economic
etc.) of EIA.

Selection of data source, Impact factors, Areas of consideration, Special issues & concerns for
different type of projects.

Review of methodologies of EIA. Introduction to Check list, Matrix & Network methods for
EIA.

Prediction of short & long term Impacts on environment (physical, biological & socio culture).

7. Sustainable Development : Definition and concepts of sustainable development,

Integration of : a. Economic, Social and Environmental sustainability, b. Biodiversity and c.
 Availability of natural resources in development.

Critical review of drawbacks in traditional (base on economics) evaluation of development,

Cost benefit analysis.

Introduction of Ecological growth factor similar to economical growth factor for sustainable
development.

Case study – Agro forestry

8. Environmental Impact Analysis of Development Project : Case studies of any two

development projects.

9. Public Participation : Methodology and approach for public participation in Environmental &
development decision making.

Regulatory requirements for public participation.

Advantages and disadvantages of Public participation.

Identification of participants and techniques for conflict management.

Incorporation of results in decision makings.

**10. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Environmental Impact Assessment, L. W. Canter, Mc Graw Hill Publication, New York.

2. Proceedings Indo-US Workshop on environmental impact analysis & assessment (1980),

NEERI, Nagpur.

3. Environmental & social impact assessment, Vanclay F., Bronstein DA (1995), John Wiley &
Sons, New York.

4. EIA – A Biography, B. D. Clark, B. D. Bissel, P. Watheam.

5. Second world congress on engineering & environment 1985,

Institution of engineers.
• ENV- 302 : Environmental Management, Legislation and Policy.

1. Fundamentals of environmental management and ISO 14000 series : Background and

development of ISO 14000 series. Developed and developing nations and ISO 14000.

2. Preparation of Environmental Management Plans (EMS) :Environmental management

overview. Environmental management Issues and considerations. Environmental
management systems (EMS) principles and elements and The ISO 14001 – Environmental
management systems – standard.

3. International Environmental Laws : Evolution and development of International

Environmental laws with reference to Stockholm Conference, Nairobi Declaration, Rio
Conference, Rio+5 and the Rio+10, etc.

Global environmental issues and International laws : to control Global warming, Ozone
depletion, Acid rains, hazardous waste, CITES etc. Role of UN authorities in protection of
Global Environment, Multinational authorities and agreements, future of International laws.

4. Environmental laws in India : Environmental Policy and laws. Constitutional and statutory
laws in India : Doctrine Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties and Fundamental
Rights and Panchayat Raj System.

Statutory protection of the Human Environment : such as Indian Penal Code, Factories Act,
Motor Vehicle Act, Hazardous Waste legislation for pollution abatement.

Anti Pollution Acts : The water Act. 1974. The Air Act 1981. The Environment Protection Act
1986.

Objectives of the Anti-pollution Acts. Institutional mechanism created under these acts and
role and contribution in combining environmental pollution. The role of courts.
 5. National Environmental Policy and Implementation.

**6. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Declaration of : The Stockholm Conference, Rio, Rio+5 and Rio+10.

2. Anti – Pollution Acts (3) and Commentaries published theorem.

3. Constitution of India [Referred articles from Part-III, Part-IV and Part-IV-A].

4. Pares Distn. Environmental Lows in India (Deep. Deep, Lated edn.)

5. P. Leelakrishnan, Environmental and the last (Bullorthworths, Latold, edn.).

6. Basic environmental technology : Jerry ;A. Nathanson.

7. Handbook of environmental management and technology : Gwendolyn Holmes, Ben

Ramnarine Singh, Louis Theodore.

8. The ISO 14000 Handbook : Joseph Cascio.

9. ISO 14004 – Environmental management systems : General guidelines on principles,

systems and supporting techniques (ISO 14004 : 1996 (E)).

10. ISO 14001 : Environmental management systems : Specification with guidance for use
(ISO 14001 : 1996b (E)). (International organization for standardization – Switzerland).

[Note : Declarations, comments, cases and research articles published from time to time will
be recommended by the concerned teachers].
• ENV – 303 : Effects of Pollutants on Biota:

1. Freshwater Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling Methods. a. Water

Quality Parameters, b. Types and sources of water pollution, Various pollutants responsible
for water pollution : Biological pollutants; Inorganic; Organic; Heavy metals; Pesticides;
Radioactive pollutants, etc. c. Various sources of water pollution like : Industrial, Domestic,
Agricultural. d. Characteristics of various industrial wastes : Effluent standards, Drinking
water standards, Characteristics of Domestic Waste, Characteristics of agricultural Waste, e.
Consequences of water Pollution : Effect on health on biosphere and on economy, f.
Sampling methods : Purpose of sampling, different types of samples, collection methods and
various instruments used for it. g. Methods involved in estimation of parameter for pollution
levels.

2. Soil Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling Methods. Specifications for
disposal of sewage & effluent on land for irrigation & ground water recharge.

Methodology of waste water disposal on land in India.

Impact of usage of land for solid waste disposal both municipal solid waste & industrial solid
waste (fly ash from thermal power station, lime sludge from pulp & paper mills).

Disposal of hazardous solid waste (heavy metals, toxic organic compounds) on land & its
impact on soil pollution.

Deterioration of soil due to mining activities (Open cast coal mining, Manganese & copper ore
extraction)
Case study of restoration of land due to a. disposal to fly ash, b. dumping overburden &
tailing in iron ore extraction.

3. Marine Water Pollution : Types, sources and consequences. Sampling Methods.

Specifications for disposal of sewage and industrial waste into sea.

Disposal of sewage & wash water from MV cargo & ships.

Brief review of impact of biodegradable organic matter, toxic chemicals & solids dump on
marine life.

Impact & control, and remedial measures of oil spillages from tankers and offshore well in
sea.
 Concentration of pollutant in the food chain with reference to mercury.

Impact of pollution on mangroves in wetland. Role of mangroves in marine ecosystem.

References :

1. Waste water engineering, Met calf & eddy INC, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

2. Global ecology, M. I. Budyko, Progress publishers, Moscow.

3. Principal of water quality control, T H Y Tebbut, Pergamon Press.

4. Syllabus designed by Shri. R. v. Saraf, Dr. Mrs. Rajurkar.

• ENV- 304 : Dissertation and Summer Training :

Dissertation will continue for one year and summer training will be carried out in the reputed
industry, organization, or institute for the period of one and half month. The performance
and evaluation of summer training period will be carried out by respective local supervisor.
Also the students must give presentation before the faculty based on summer training that
he / she has undergone.
• ENV- 305 : Practicals based on ENV 301 – 303 of Semester III

1. Sampling Techniques - Wastewater analysis for physico-chemical characteristics such as

pH, Conductivity,TDS, DO, BOD, COD, CO2, Alkalinity, Nutrients, Chlorides, Hardness,
settlability of solids.

2. Estimation of heavy metals from wastewater samples by AAS and anionic radicals by Ion
chromatography.

3. Analysis of soil key physico-chemical parameters.

4. Basic units for rural and urban planning : assign each student or group of students to
collect information from specific region or area and work with local / regional authority.

5. Protocols for ISO 14000 series.

6. Environmental audit : protocols and data collection and analysis.

7. Content of EIA studies and collection of secondary data for at least 3-4 developmental
projects and preparation of the report.

8. Sound pollution survey.

9. Isolation and identification of pathogenic organisms.

10. Bioassay studies.

Field work for rapid EIA studies and environmental audit (3-4 days duration).
• ENV – 306 : Optional Course in Sustainable Development

This course will be conducted in collaboration with organization called Center for
Environmental Education (CEE), which is affiliated with Ministry of Environment and Forest.

The course will introduce students to the concept, theories and models of sustainable
development through lectures and readings and will contextualize the concepts and models
through case studies, activities and assignments. The new perspectives that the course seeks
to provide should generate new questions and encourage critical thinking.

The course will be a 5 credit course and will comprise five modules.

Module – 1 : Our Unsustainable Present : This module will begin with students envisioning
the world as they wish it to be, and will go on to identify what is wrong with it. This will help
students begin to understand the un-sustainability of our current path of development. The
module will also provide an overview of the key environmental problems and their root
cause, and how the problems and the causes are interconnected.

Resources : 1. CEE. Towards a Green Future. CEE, Ahmedabad, 1999.

2. Readings to be put together by CEE.

Module 2 : What is Sustainable Development : This module will introduce students to the
connection between environment and development by highlighting the fact that environment
is both the source and the sink for all development activity. It will also introduce concepts
such as natural capital, productivity, needs and wants, quality of life and equity. It will
provide the traditional views of development as economic growth and the alternative thinking
which integrates the concerns of economic, environmental and social sustainability in the
concept of development.

Resources :

1. CEE. Towards a Green Future. CEE, Ahmedabad, 1999.

2. N.S. Jodha, Sustainable Development in Fragile Environments. CEE, Ahmedbad, 1995.

3. K.R. Datye, Banking on Biomass. CEE, Ahmedabad, 1997.

4. Readings to be put together by CEE.

Module – 3 : Rethinking Development : This module will focus on three basic resources,
namely, biodiversity, water and energy (soil will also be dealt with but not in as much detail).
It will highlight how they are important for all life as well as for economic development, how
they are interrelated and need to be seen as such, the implications of the erosion of these
natural resources, some problems and issues related with these resources. With that
background, students will be exposed to radically new ideas such as Datye's developmental
strategy based on renewable bio-energy and dispersed industrialization, which offers a vision
of a new society that emphasizes equitable access to natural resources, is ecologically
sustainable, and uses sophisticated yet appropriate science and technology for a sustained
improvement in living standards for all. Another example will be Paranjape and Joy's
comprehensive restructuring of the controversial Sardar Sarovar Project with a view to
making it more socially and ecologically viable.

Resources :

CEE Towards a Green Future. CEE, Ahmedbad, 1999.

N.D. Chhaya Minding Our Marine Wealth CEE, Ahmedabad,
1998.

K.R. Datye, Banking on Biomass. CEE, Ahmedabad, 1997.

Madhav Gadgil and P.R. Seshagiri Rao. Nurturing Biodiversity :
An Indian Agenda, CEE, Ahmedabad, 1998.

N.H. Ravindranath, K. Usha Rao, Bhaskar Natrajan and Pradeep Monga. Renewable Energy
and Environment. CEE, Ahmedabad, 2000.
Suhas Paranjpe and K.J. Joy, Sustainable Technology : Making the Sardar Sorvar Project
Viable. CEE, Ahmedabad 1995.
Madhu Sarin Joint Forest Management. The Harayana Experience, CEE, Ahmedabad, 1996.

Module – 4 : Sustainable Development in Agriculture and Industry : This module, through

case studies will discuss policies, practices and strategies needed for addressing sustainability
concerns in the two most important sectors of the Indian economy. India's agricultural policy
has thus far laid emphasis on raising agricultural production through high technological
inputs but attention has not been paid to the need to conserve and sustainable use of India's
rich agricultural diversity, particularly in the face of the overwhelming forces of global
competition as exemplified by WTO. In the industrial sector the management of industrial
waste, which was seen as a necessary evil and dealt with apathy, is now the focus of
corporate strategies. Waste minimization, cleaner production and energy efficiency are now
seen as profitable practices.

Resources :
1. CEE Towards a Green Future. CEE, Ahmedabad, 1999.

Reading from :

2. Prasad Modak : Waste Minimization, CEE, Ahmedabad, 1995.

3. A. Damodharan. Towards an agro-ecosystem policy for India. CEE, Ahmedabad, 2001.

Module 5 : Towards a Sustainable Future : This module will be a consolidation of the readings
and learning from the previous modules. Through discussion, analysis, written assignments
and project work, the essential components of sustainable development, such as equity,
 appropriate technology, ownership, peoples' participation in control, decision-making and
management, will be discussed. This module could also run concurrently with the other
modules, beginning with Module-2.

SEMESTER – IV

• ENV – 401 : Advances in Pollution Control Technology.

1. Introduction to manufacturing process with respect to the followings :

(a) Water requirement and water flow; (b) Discharge of pollutant from different unit
operations and waste water flow and their characteristics; (c) In-plant control for waste
reduction; (d) Green process as alternative route; (e) Segregation of high strength and toxic
waste water streams; (f) Collection of waste water; (g) Characteristics of solid waste
generation during manufacturing process.

2. Studies of waste water treatment process as given below :

(a) Interpretation of wastewater characteristics (pH, suspended solids, Total solids, BOD,
COD, organic toxic chemicals, heavy metal, color, nutrient, etc.) for treatment studies;

(b) Methodology for treat-ability studies of wastewater to gel desired waste water quality;

(c) Standard for discharge of wastewater to receiving water bodies / land by Pollution Control
Board.

(d) Selection of appropriate unit operation for ETP to achieve desired standards :

(i) Pre-treatment (Oil and grease removal, Grit removal).

(ii) Physico-chemical treatment (neutralization, coagulation, chemical oxidation/ reduction,

sedimentation, dissolve air floatation, and dewatering).

(iii) Aerobic/anaerobic biological treatment.

(iv) Tertiary treatment (Reverse osmosis, ultra filtration, color removal by adsorption, etc).

(e) Characteristics of primary, secondary sludge from effluent treatment plant.

(f) Sludge dewatering by sludge thickener, sludge drying beds, vacuum filtration and filter
press.

(g) Sludge disposal and fill and additive in fertilizers.

(h) Treatment flow chart with schematic flow diagram.

3… Following specified industries has to be studied as per guidelines

given in 1 and 2 above :

(a) Sugar and molasses based alcohol industries.

(a) Integrated Pulp and Paper Mill (Sulfate / Kraft Process), Pulp and Paper Mill Using
agricultural residue, paper mill using recycled paper.

© Veg & chrome tannery small and medium scale.

(d) Dairy with Dairy products like butter, ghee, cheese, ice-cream, etc.,

(e) Large scale steel plant and other metallurgies.

(f) Fertilizer (Urea and Phosphate)

(g) Textile, fiber, natural and synthetic,

(h) Oil refineries and petrochemicals.

(i) Food processing unit (Mango pulping, soft drinks, meat processing).

(j) Synthetic organic chemicals

 (k) Pharmaceutical (Bulk drug manufacturing), fine chemicals

(l) Synthetic resins

(m) Dyes, duestuffs, incumediates, pigments.

(n) Boiler and thermal power stations.

4. Recycling Reuse and Recovery of Water in an Industry.

Introduction to 3R principal; Assimilative and supportive capacity of nature; Different

methods of 3R principal to convert waste into wealth; Prohibitive factors for implementing 3R
techniques; Cost benefit analysis in implementation of 3R principles; Use of waste water for
irrigation (Specifications of waste water for irrigation, soil and crop selection, preventive
measures and health aspects); Biogas recovery from high strength waste (whey, spent wash,
black liquor); Energy recovery from refractory waste by pyrolysis and incineration
conventional and non-conventional energy sources; Recycling and recovery in pulp and paper
mills; Recovery of metals in electroplating. Recovery of ammonia in urea manufacturing;
Zero discharge technology based on 3R principal for pulp and paper industry; Cluster of
industries based on waste products (Sugar cane processing); Segregation of Municipal solid
waste (MSW) and recovery of plastic, paper and metal; Composting of wet waste in MSW;
Case studies, zero discharge of solid waste from residential complex; Characteristics of
sludge / solid waste generation, detoxification; General methods for solid and gaseous
effluent treatment; Solid hazardous waste material segregation and their successful
treatment, disposal; Recovery of Heavy Metals.

**5. Current Developments in the Subject.

References :

1. Liquid Waste of Industry Theory, Practice and Treatment. Nelson L. Memerow. Adison
Wasley Publishing Co.,

2. Treatment of Industrial Effluent A.B. Calleyl, D.A. Stafford.

3. Industrial Water Pollution Control. W.W. Wasley Mc Graw Hill Publication.

4. Industrial Pollution Control Issues and Technology.Nancy, J. Bell. Elsevier Scientific

Publishing Co.,

5. Industrial Waste Water Management. Studies in Environmental Science – 5. Elsevier

Scientific Publishing Co.,

6. Pollution Control Metal Finishing. Studies in Environmental Science – 5. Elsevier Scientific

Publishing Co.

7. Industrieal Effluents N M Manivaskan Sakthi Publication.

8. Proceeding National Workshop on Microbial Degradation of Industrial Waste – 1981.

NEERI, Nagpur.

9. Journal of Indian Environment Society, Indian Water Works, Journal of Environmental

Helaht.
• ENV- 402 : ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY :

1. Safety, Health and Environment: Perspectives and concerns, interrelationship and

interactive approach, development projects and related aspects of safety and health,
environment as the ultimate beneficiary / loser.

2. Safety and Health Hazards : Identification of potential safety and health hazards in
industrial and development projects, reduction strategies, policies and legislation,
international and national perspective, safety standards and management systems, ISO
18000. Industrial health safeguards and implementation mechanisms.

3. Health and Safety Risk Management : Risk identification, allocation and mitigation
strategies, responsibilities and authority, potential of health risks in industrial and
development processes, local and national policies, public awareness and participation in
prevention procedures. Industrial environmental conditions, emissions and noise abatement.

4. Toxicology : Basic concepts, toxicity and its impacts, industrial toxicants and hazardous
 materials, toxic and hazardous waste management, measurement of toxicity, TLM and
lethality studies, physiological and metabolic effects on flora and fauna.

Evaluation of toxicity, methods, used to assess toxicity classification of toxic materials.

Physiological and metabolic effects of toxicants, such as VOC and organic solvents, used in
industry heavy metals such as Mg Cl, Cu, Pb, Al, AS, Zn, Mutagenic and carcinogenic
compound. Anti cancer drugs.

5. Water and airborne Diseases : Potential and widespread effects, water and airborne
bacteria and viruses, human immune-system and its vulnerability to these bacteria and
viruses, preventive and curative measures, epidemics and their containment, biological
warfare and protective measures. Safeguarding water sources and ambient air quality,
disaster management.

6. Effects of Global Warming: Concepts and considerations, atmospheric gases and their
impacts on ionosphere, meteorology and dispersion of atmospheric gases, greenhouse effect,
polar ice caps and snow melts due to temperature fluctuations, health and hygiene
considerations.

7. Human Environment and Health Status in Urban and Rural India : Water and sanitation
situation in urban and rural context, historical perspective, WHO and other bodies and their
role in public health projects development, eradication programs and their efficacy,
development impacts in urban and rural sectors, psychological impacts, public awareness of
sanitation and hygiene issues and role of NGOs.

**8. Current Developments in the subject.

• ENV-403: Information Technology and Bio-informatics for

Environmental Sciences.

Introduction to Geographical Informational Systems map data representation. Analysis is

GIS.
Definition of Remote Sensing EMR and interaction with the earth. Atmospheric windows.
Black, white and grey bodies, sources of EMR.

Concepts and foundations of remote sensing. Image interpretations. Aerial photo –

classification based on attitude of camera lens, distortions caused due to flight irregularities,
overlaps, scale, relief displacement and its effects. Photo recognition elements and factors
controlling them. Different types of photographs.
Elements of photographic systems and computer applications. Land stat. IRS and other
satellite systems satellite data. Principals involved in Thermal IR image and microwave image
interpretation. Applications of Different types of images in Earth Sciences, Environmental
Sciences, Archaeology, Marine Studies, forestry, soils, Hazard management etc.
4. Applications of remote sensing and satellite photographs.

5. Environmental sciences and the Internet. This should be a lecture + practical. The
students should be asked to do 'search' for given specific topics and submit their data in
proper form (short report)

6. Computer applications, technology and futuristic for environment sciences. Use of

standard software for representing data, graphs, charts, etc.

Website Design : The students should design a website of Department of Environmental

Science. This website should be updated time to time. The site should be furnished with all
the useful technical details, related to air, water pollution, standards, etc. (short, project to
be done together 5-6 students.). Introduction to Bio informatics – scope, tools and
applications.

7. Introduction to DATABASE, Networking, LAN, WAN, General Idea about the networking,
LAN, WAN, databases, etc

8. Visit report; Research Proposal, Writing and summer training, Review writing.

**9. Current Developments in the Subject.

References:

1. Photocology : V.C. Miller.

2. Remote Sensing – Lilles and Keifer.

• ENV – 404: Dissertation and Submission:
Assessment 3 Credits

This assessment will be done on the basis of their oral presentations and the evaluation given
by 2 external experts on the project thesis.

Seminar presentations (Sem. I, II and III) 3 Credits

Research Paper Presentation

Visit Report

Research Proposals Writing.

Current Topic and Review Writing. 1 Credit

Evaluation Report by the Guide. 2 Credits

Summer Training 1 Credit

All these assessments (304 and 404) will be done at the end of 4th semester and will cover
10 credits
• ENV – 405 : Practicals based on ENV 401 – 403 of Semester IV

1. Vermi-composting : collection, preparation and analysis of composted material for NPK,

moisture holding, microbial load.

2. Analysis of sludge samples for physical and important chemical components

3. Engineering practicals on wastewater technologies, recycling methods.

4. Content of Environmental Status Report.

5. Practicals on GIS, Remote sensing, aerial photographs.

Field visit to study area to prepare of micro-watershed development plan, identification of

degraded area and causative factors and to prepare the restoration plans.

Each semester students should make field visits of 4-5 days duration to the environmentally
important areas and submit the report to respective teachers for evaluation.
• ENV – 406 : Optional Course in Environmental Psychology, Sociology and Economics
:
Environmental Psychology :

Objectives : To acquaint the students with :

a. Nature and scope of environmental psychology

b. Important of environment to human cognitive processes

c. Nature types and effects of environmental stress.

d. Strategies to cope with environmental stress.

e. Role of environmental attitudes, values and beliefs and environmental education.

1. Nature of Environmental Psychology and Environmental Cognition.

1.1. Definition and characteristics.

1.2. Scope and applications of environmental psychology.

1.3. Environmental perception : Nature and function.

1.4. Theories of environmental perception : Gestalt, ecological and probabilistic.

2. Environmental Stress and Coping :

2.1. Nature of environmental stress and theoretical perspective

2.2. Types of environmental stress : Noise, temperature, crowding, pollution.

2.3. Psychological effects of environmental stress and related diseases.

2.4. Coping with environmental stress.

3. Change in Behavior, Attitudes and Values :

3.1. Psychological functions of environmental attitudes, values and beliefs.

3.2. Changing behavior, environmental education.

Environmental Sociology :

Section - I

Basic Concepts : Environment, Ecology, A sociological understanding of the interface between

Man-Nature-Society.

Section – II

Environment, Development and Society : Issues, and Events in the growth of Environmental
Sociology in India and the West.

Section- III

Environmental Movements and People’s Responses; Social, Political and Economic issues in
the controversies over natural resources, Water (Narmada), Fisheries (Trawling and
Mechanization in Kerala), Industrial Pollution (Bhopal), Mining, etc.

Section- IV

NGOs and Environmental Movements in India : Kalpavriksh and the issues of Biodiversity,
Kerala Sastra Saitya Parishad and the Silent Valley Power Project.

Environmental Economics :

Lecture 1 : What is Economics? What is Ecology? Economic activity and the environment : A
historical review.

Lecture 2 : The economic problem; Inter-linkages between the economy and the
environment; Two laws of Thermodynamics; Ultimate means and biophysical constraints.

Lecture 3 : Evolution of life; Man's place in Nature; Resources and habitats; Natural resource
exploitation.

Lecture 4 : The Market Economy; Imperfect markets; Market failures and Externalities.

Lecture 5 : Valuation methods and applications; Measuring the benefits and costs of
environmental amenities; Willingness to pay and accept compensation; Use, Option,
Existence and Bequest value.

Lecture 6 : Instruments for Environmental control and applications; Price rationing and
subsidies; Non-compliance fees, bonds and deposit refunds; Tax on emissions; Tradable
pollution permits.

Lecture 7 : Natural Resource Exploitation; Exploitation of renewable and non-renewable

resources; Forest and fisheries exploitation; Market efficiency and property rights;
Transaction costs.

Lecture 8 : The firm and environment; environment management as a competitive strategy;

corporate response to environment concerns; environmental information systems and eco-
auditing; clean and sustainable technology.

Lecture 9 : Sustainable development; economic development and the environment;

sustainability; a neo-classical view; an ecological view.

Lecture 10 : Poverty, population and the environment; environmental degradation in

developing countries; biodiversity loss; poverty and growth; sustainability and policy; ending
subsidies; establishing property rights; resource conservation and debt relief.
Lecture 11 : Economics of conservation; natural and environmental resource capacity;
significance of ecological processes; limits to growth; the thrust of ecological economics.

Lecture 12 : Consumption and welfare; consumption externalities; socially efficient

investment; pollution prevention; alternative agriculture; waste recycling; investment in
natural capital; India's development in an ecological perspective.

For Reading :

1. Bechtel, R.B., Environment and Behavior (1997). London ; Sage.

2. Holshsn, C.J. Environmental Psychology, (1982). New York : Radom House.

3. Sinha, S.N. Environmental Psychology, (1997). Jaipur : Pointer.

4. Evans, G.W. Environmental Stress (1982). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

References :

1. Levy, Leboyer, C. Psychology and Environment (1982). London : Sage.

2. Cone, J.D. and Hayes, S.C. Environmental Problems / Behavioural Solutions (1980)
California : Brooks Kole.

3. Baum, A. Singer, J.E. and Valins, S. Advances in Environmental Psychology (1978). New
Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

4. Wapner, S., Cohen,S. B and Kaplan, B. (1975), New York, Plenum.

5. Altman, I. And Stokols, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Environmental Psychology (1987). New

York : Wiley.

6. Ramchandra Guha and Madhva Gadgil : Ecology and Quity : The Use and Abuse of Nature
in Contemporary India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1996.

7. Amita Baviskar : In the Belly of the River : Tribal Conflicts Over Developments in the
Narmada Valley, OUP, Delhi, 1997.

8. Wolfgang Sachs : The Development Dictionary : A Guide to Knowledge as Power, Zed

Books Ltd., London and New Jersey, 1993.

9. Reports on the State of India's Environment : Citizen's Report, New Delhi, Center for
Science and Environment.

10. Ramchandra Guha, Environmentalism : A Global History, Oxford, New Delhi, 2000.

11. Sumi Krishna : Environmental Politics, Peoples’ Lives and Developmental Choices, Sage,
New Delhi, 1996.

Recommended Reading

Common M : Environmental and Resource Economics.

Constanza, R. et al. An Introduction to Ecological Economics.

Daly, H. : Beyond Growth.

Dasgupta, P. Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development in India.

Goodstein : Economy and the Environment.

Kanchan Chopra, et al., Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development.

Oates, W.E. : The Economics of the Environment.

Pearce, D. and Moran, D. : The Economic Value of Biodiversity.

Tacconi, L. : Biodiversity and Ecological Economics.

Students of Environmental Sciences should read following books / references.

References :

1. Environmental Chemistry : B. K. Sharma and H. Kaur.

2. Elements of Environmental Chemistry : H. V. Jadhav

3. Environmental Chemistry : S. K. Banerji

4. Environmental Chemistry : J. W. Moore and E. A. Moore

5. Destruction of hazards Chemicals in the Laboratory : G. Lunn and E. B. Sansone

6. A text book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control : S. S. Dara

7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : G. W. Ewing

8. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : Chatwal and Anand

9. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry : H. J. Arnikar

10. Principles of Biochemistry : Lehninger

11. General Biochemistry : J. H. Well

12. Environmental Pollution Analysis : Khopkar

13. Environmental Chemistry : A. K. De

14. Applied Statistics : A Handbook of Techniques : H. Sachs

15. Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists : R. M. Betheca, Duran B. S. and Bolion
T. M.

16. Applied Regression Analysis : Addison Wesley

17. Inorganic Chemistry of Earth : Fergusson J. E.

18. Introduction to Geochemistry : Krauskoph K. B.

19. Environmental Chemistry : Raiswell

20. Environmental Chemistry : S. E. Manahan

21. The Chemistry of Our Environment : R. A. Horne

22. Biology of Waste Treatment : N. F. Gray

23. Methods in Biotechnology : Hans Peter Schmauder

24. Practical waste Treatment and Disposal : Denis Dikinson

25. The Chemistry and eslogy of pollution : I. J. Higgins and R. Burns

26. Water and Waste Management and Disposal : Memtcalf

27. Industrial waste – Their Disposal and treatment : Willem Rudolf

28. Toxicology reduction – Evaluation and control : Davis L.

29. Global environmental Biotechnology : D. L. Wise

30. The Atmosphere – An Introduction to Meteorology : Frederic K. Lutgen, E. J. Tarbuck

31. Introduction to Weather and Cliamte : Trewartha

32. Introduction to Climatology for Tropics : Ayoade J. O.

33. General Climatology : Critichfield H. J.

34. Climatology – Fundamentals and Applications : Mather J. R.

35. Climatology, Selected applications : Oiver J. E.

36. Soil Reclamation Processes – eslogical Analyses and Application Robert L.

37. Gene-VI : Lewis Benjamin

38. Biochemistry : Lehninger

39. Waster Water Engineering : Metacay

40. Development an Design and Operational criteria for waste water treatment : E. Adows

41. Waster Water Treatment Plans Planning Design and Operations : Syed. R. Quasim

42. Environmental impact : Larry W. Cannter

43. EIA – Abiography with erbotracts : B. D. Clark

44. Environmental Assessment and Statement : Hasvr and Hagerty

45. Environmental and social impact assessment :Vanclay F. and Bronstien D.A.

46. Indo-US Workshop on Environmental Impact Analysis and Assessment : NEERI, Nagpur

47. Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology : Clayton G. D.

48. Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene : Vincoli

49. Occupational Hygiene : Gibson

50. Occupation safety and Health Administration Inspection - Preparation and Responses :
Kaletsky

51. Fundamentals of soil sciences : Henry D. Forth

52. A Text Book of Soil Sciences : T. D. Biswas and S. K. Mukherjee

53. Environmental Management : Timothy O’Riordan

54. Environmental Science : E. D. Enger and B. F. Smith

55. Groundwater Hydrology : D. K. Tosdd

56. Environmental Impact Assessment : L. W. Conter

57. Elementary Seismology : Charles F. Richter

58. Earthquakes : Bruce A. Bolt.