Biostatistics Qua;itative Data

Making sense of all the data. Bar diagram

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing

with the collection, organization, analysis,
interpretation, and presentation of data.
(Paragraph)

Data has two categories

 Quantitative- can measure

 Qualitative- can’t measure Pie diagram

Quantitative Data

Histogram

Pictogram

Frequency polygon

Frequency curve

Line Chart (line Graph)

Symbols
α: significance level (type I error).
b or b0: y intercept.
b1: slope of a line (used in regression).
β: probability of a Type II error.
1-β: statistical power.
BD or BPD: binomial distribution.
CI: confidence interval.
p: p-value, or probability of success in a
binomial experiment, or population proportion.
ρ: correlation coefficient for a population.
p̂ : sample proportion.
P(A): probability of event A.
P(AC) or P(not A): the probability that A doesn’t
happen.
P(B|A): the probability that event B occurs,
given that event A occurs.

CLT: Central Limit Theorem. Pk: kth percentile. For example, P90 = 90th
percentile.
d: difference between paired data.
q: probability of failure in a binomial or
df: degrees of freedom. geometric distribution.
DPD: discrete probability distribution. Q1: first quartile.
E = margin of error. Q3: third quartile.
f = frequency (i.e. how often something r: correlation coefficient of a sample.
happens).
R2: coefficient of determination.
f/n = relative frequency.
s: standard deviation of a sample.
HT = hypothesis test.
s.d or SD: standard deviation.
Ho = null hypothesis.
SEM: standard error of the mean.
H1 or Ha: alternative hypothesis.
SEP: standard error of the proportion.
IQR = interquartile range.
t: t-score.
m = slope of a line.
μ mean.
M: median.
ν: degrees of freedom.
n: sample size or number of trials in a binomial
experiment. X: a variable.

N: population size. Χ2: chi-square.

ND: normal distribution. x: one data value.

σ: standard deviation. x̄: mean of a sample.

σx̅: standard error of the mean. z: z-score.

σp̂ : standard error of the proportion.