Pipeline Operations and Integrity

Management
Module 6
Emergency Response Planning

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Outline

Pipeline Operations
Pipeline Maintenance
Where are we? Pipeline Integrity management
Inspection and Assessment Methods
Pipeline repairs

Emergency Response Planning.

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Emergency Response Planning
Definition of an Emergency
• An emergency is any serious or crisis situation or
occurrence that happens unexpectedly and demands
immediate action or assistance: a state of emergency
• Such situations which because of severity or size of
impact, render normal response mechanisms inadequate.
In the event of such a crisis, a more comprehensive and
immediate response is required to manage the crisis and
respond to the needs of the situation which may include
adjacent community. Activation of an emergency Incident
Command system (ICS) and the appropriate emergency
response team under these circumstances provides the
community adjacent to the facilities with an appropriate
response capacity in the event of such an emergency.

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FOUR DIMENSIONS OF EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
• Hazards
• Natural
• Caused By Human Activity
• Groupings/Organizations
• Pipeline Company
• First Responders
• Affected Citizens
• Levels of Government
•Emergency Response Functions
•Coordinating Activities
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 All Hazards

I. Natural Emergencies II. Human Induced Emergencies

Meteorological/ Elemental Non-intentional Intentional

• Flood/Storm • Energy • Energy
Surge/Tsunami • Information/ • Information/
• Ice/Snow Communication Communication
• Fire • Environment • Environment
• Wind - • Transport • Transport
Tornado/Hurricane • Public safety/ • Public safety/
Geological security security
• Earthquake • Government • Government
• Landslide operations operations
• Avalanche Resulting from: Resulting from:
Resulting from: • Human Error • Civil unrest
Acts of God • System Failure • Terrorism
• International
Tension
• Criminal Acts
• War

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 Emergency Management Agencies

Subject The organization assigned by legislation, regulation,

Matter policy or a plan to lead in the emergency management of
Agency the immediate affects of a specific hazard;

Coordinating The organization assigned by legislation, regulation,

Agency policy or a plan to coordinate the efforts of different
orders of government, supporting/logistic agencies and
other emergency management partners to coordinate
required action, directed by the lead agency, to deal with
the immediate affects of the specific hazard, while
dealing with the collateral results of the specific hazard;

Supporting/ Organization(s) assigned by legislation, regulation, policy

Logistics or a plan to assist in the emergency management of a
specific hazard;
Agency

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 Functions
Mitigation/ Attempting to maintain a normal state of life by
removing/minimizing the items at risk from the effects of
Prevention hazard(s), or by reducing the effects of the hazard(s) on the
items at risk, with an aim to prevent or reduce a disaster
impact when it occurs

Preparedness Recognizing that perfect mitigation is impossible, building

capability to effectively and rapidly respond when items at
risk are about to be or are affected by hazards. It includes
the planning, exercising and education necessary to
achieve a state of readiness for incidents, disasters and
major emergencies; e.g plans, simulation exercises, stockpiles
Response Executing the capability to minimize the losses to items at
risk (with an emphasis to prevention of injury/loss of life)
when they are effected by hazards.
Recovery Returning the effected organization/group to a state of normal
life, after it has been effected by a hazard. Commences ASAP
during the Response phase and runs concurrently.

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 Integrating All 4 Dimensions
Function Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery Rupturess
Grouping
Pipeline
Fires
operator
Leaks
First
responders
Etc.
Citizens
• Management
• Operations
Levels of
government • Co-ordination
• Plans
• Logistics
• Industry
• Communications Plans/Actions
• Finance
• Administration
• Training 9
Emergency Management Activities

Program
Management
Communications Training

Support Support Liaison Tech Fin/Admin

of Govt of Public Officers Support

Operations Co-ordination Plans Logistics Recovery

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 Emergency Response Plans
• Emergency Response and contingency
planning are used to minimise the effects of an
emergency situation. The complexity of these
plans is determined by the type of event, its
proximity to populated and/or environmentally
sensitive areas and the availability of resources
 Emergency Response Plans
• A pipeline company is responsible for planning
for the Worst situation and the existence of a
good emergency response plan exemplifies a
company’s readiness to fulfill its legal and
ethical responsibilities in the case of an
emergency.
 Emergency Response Plans
The key elements of a successful emergency
response plan are:
1. Identification of the most probable emergencies
2. Notification process ( who to contact and when)
3. Determining the immediate personnel actions to be
taken
4. Minimising adverse effects on personnel, property
and environment
Response Planning
• To effectively assess emergency response and the required
environmental protection in the event of a leak or pipeline rupture,
pipeline industry considers the following for Emergency Response
Planning (ERP) and Emergency Response (ER) and those needed for
effectively responding to an emergency leading to a crisis situation:
• Effective policies
• Procedures for meeting regulatory needs including any Permitting
Considerations
• Tools & equipment
In addition it requires the:
• prompt coordination of resources,
• special communications,
• and heightened authority for employees

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• Pipeline emergency response planning and execution
comprise of organization, processes, tools and facilities
required to respond to an emergency situation.
Emergency situation can be minor or major. Major
emergencies result from an incident causing rupture,
release of containment/spill, fire/explosion, injury, fatality,
loss of property, impact to the public and the environment
and finally cleaning out/decontamination, repairs and
restoration of service.

• Incidents can be classified or ranked in order of severity

and matched to the appropriate level of response

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 Identifying Typical Emergencies

• Identification of potential emergencies involves a risk

assessment exercise using a comprehensive
understanding of the facilities
• This requires input from management, designers,
operators and maintenance staff
• The planning group must rank all the identified
emergency scenarios
• Companies need to understand the overall risk and
identify factors that impact public safety

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 Identifying Typical Emergencies

• It is important to anticipate the consequences of

each scenario for personnel, property and the
environment
• The effect of a particular incident might extend to
neighbouring facilities and these “dominoe “
effects must be considered during planning

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Risk Determination Matrix

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Ranking of Incident or Emergency Condition
Level I Level II Level III
▪No immediate threat to ▪Some injury or threat to ▪Serious injury or fatality of member of the public,
the public or company the public and company company personnel and/or ongoing threat to the
personnel personnel public

▪No effects outside ▪No immediate threat ▪Uncontrolled release of product continuing
company property outside company
property but potential ▪Significant and ongoing environmental effects
▪Control of released exists to extend beyond
product completed or property boundaries ▪Ongoing or imminent threat to facility
pending infrastructure.
▪Imminent control of
▪Minimal environmental released product is likely ▪Effects extend beyond company property
effects
▪First responders and ▪Immediate and significant government agency and
▪Little or no media government agencies first responder involvement
interest likely to be directly
involved ▪Assistance from outside parties required
▪Incident/spill handled by
company ▪Moderate ▪National/regional media interest
environmental effects
▪Low potential to
escalate ▪Local/regional media
interest
Emergency Levels/ Action Matrix
Escalating the Response

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 Six Step Incident response process

• Size Up the Situation

what is the nature of the incident?
what hazards are present?
what resources are on site?
what is the risk to personnel and the public?
are there injuries that need to be treated?
how large an area is involved?
can/ will the area be cordoned off?
Identify appropriate entrance / exit routes for equipment
and response personnel

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 Six Step Incident response process

• Identify contingencies
– What may have caused the incident to occur?
– What could happen to make the situation worse?
• Determine Objectives and Strategies
– What to do , and for what purpose?
– How to do it?
– Identify Needed resources
• Identify Needed resources
– what resources are needed?
– Where will they be obtained?
– How long will it take to obtain them?

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 Six Step Incident response process

• Develop an Action Plan

– Assign resources to tactical objectives
– Ensure appropriate safety and personnel protective
measures are implemented
– Ensure that the first responders and agencies are
contacted
• Take action
– Implement Plan, supervise and Co-ordinate
– Evaluate results

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From individual house
to entire city

Yellow Pages 370 Layers of Data

Critical Infrastructure • All Oil & Gas facilities
• All Electricity facilities
Real Time weather
Information • All Water Wells
• All Soils information
Roads, River, water • Agriculture facilities
ways, etc
• Municipal Information
Police of Jurisdiction
• Public Facilites
Satellite Imagery • Etc
 Typical Table of Contents of an ERP
Contents
1.0 Company Policy, Purpose and Scope
2.0 Emergency Notification
3.0 Organisation
4.0 Immediate Action Table
Initial response
Secondary response
5.0 Emergency Contact List / Phone numbers
Immediate Support Services
Emergency response command centre
Key employee contact list
6.0 Identification of Key personnel (and Alternates)
7.0 Media relations
8.0 Notification of next of kin
9.0 Revision record
10.0 Checklists
Purpose and Scope Section
• Scope describes the facilities covered,
including meter stations, types of products
involved and geographic area.
• Related company and third party plans.
• Government Jurisdiction
 Emergency Notification section

• Internal and external notification call down

list (includes responsibility for notifications
• Summary table of legal reporting
requirements
• Descriptions of internal call down
procedures
• Emergency condition reporting
Notification Schedule

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Organisation Section
• Emergency Response Team Diagram
• Incident classification Criteria table
• List of designated personnel for key positions
(and alternates)
• Layout and location of Incident command
centre and site emergency operations centre
• List of primary contractors
 PREPAREDNESS
• The Emergency Response Officer (or designate) must be available at all
times to respond to an emergency.

• The Emergency Response document should be reviewed and updated at

least annually. Review should include procedures, processes, lists of
persons and phone numbers, and any associated response and
communication equipment related to effective implementation of this
procedure.
• Further, this document should be maintained in a location that is easily
accessible to all persons who have accountabilities, responsibilities or
direct interest regarding its implementation.
• Exercises should be completed at least annually and should include all
persons identified in this plan to both test the procedure, and to ensure an
adequate level of awareness in regard to account abilities and
responsibilities.
Identification of Key Personnel
• Two separate and distinct teams are required
to respond toan emergency
• Corporate Area command Team located at
the Incident Command centre
• Field Incident Command team

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Identification of Key Personnel
• Corporate Area Command Team
– Comprised of corporate management and staff
– They provide tactical direction for the response and
recovery operations providing advice and support to the
field incident command team
– Responsible for all contacts with the media, legal matters
and liaison with contractors and the primary responders

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Identification of Key Personnel

• Field Incident Command team

– Directly involved in responding to the emergency at the
site. ( most sites will have a very specific response plan in
place for the facility)
– They will take charge and remain in charge of the incident
until it is resolved or others who have the legal authority to
do so assume responsibility
– They will seek guidance and direction from local officials
and local technical assistance where appropriate

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Incident Command Centre

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 Training
Frequency Length Description Comments
Component

- informal
- introduction to new staff - ensures that individuals
Annually
Awareness 1 hr - description of policies, procedures, plans identified in the plans are aware
(April)
- discussion of roles, responsibilities, training of their roles & responsibilities
- no simulation

Semi-
- informal
Notification annually - verifies contact names,
1 to 2 hrs - contacting parties internal and external to the plans
(Drill) (April / locations, contact numbers
("the ER community"
October)
- single ER function
Semi-
Drill - single agency involvement
annually
- often a field component

- informal discussion of simulated emergency

- no time pressures (slow pace)
- low stress
- limited to 5 or 6 ER functions - different ER functions are
Tabletop Annually 4 to 7.5 hrs - usually with external community exercised at each tabletop over a
Useful for: 3-year period
- evaluating plans & procedures
- resolving questions of coordination & responsibility
(problem solving)

- policy and coordination personnel practice ER

- stressful, realistic simulation - coordinate with regulated
Every 4th
Functional 1 to 2 days - takes place in real time company functional exercise
year
- emphasizes emergency functions - not all functions exercised
- EOC is activated

- takes place in real time

- employs real people & equipment
When 2 or more - coordinates many agencies
Full-scale
opportune days - tests several emergency functions
- activates EOC
- high stress
Examples of Immediate Action
• Immediate Action flow chart
– Response to a fire
– Response to a Liquid Spill

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 In Summary

• Emergency Response Plans area critical

component of emergency preparedness
– Adequate resources must be provided to maintain
and audit plans
– Training must be provided to key staff to review
major updates and refresh knowledge of the plan
contents
– Regular contact must be maintained with the local
first responders

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Any Questions?