Tutorial Problems, Week 2

1. Given the reactions (1) and (2) below, determine (a) ΔrHθ for reaction (3), (b) ΔfHθ for both
HCl(g) and H2O(g) all at 298K.

(1) H 2 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) → 2 HCl ( g )  r H  = −184 .62 mol

kJ

(2) 2 H 2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) → 2 H 2 O ( g )  r H  = −483 .64 mol

kJ

(3) 4 HCl ( g ) + O2 ( g ) → 2Cl 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( g )

2. Water vapour (steam) is pressurised in a 100 L reactor vessel. The starting temperature
and pressure is 100 °C and 1 atm. The steam is heated to 400 °C, calculate the new steam
pressure assuming the steam behaves as an ideal gas. The steam is released, through a pipe
and across a turbine so as to generate electricity, and into a holding vessel to condense back
into water. The final volume when the release valve is opened is 200 L – calculate the work
generated by the steam assuming an ideal gas and the external pressure is atmospheric
pressure.

3. A sample of n = 4:00 mol O2 is originally confined in a Vi = 20:0 L volume at Ti = 270 K

and then undergoes adiabatic expansion against a constant pressure of pex = 600 torr until
the volume has increased by a factor of 3.00. Calculate (a) the heat, (b) work, (c) change
in temperature, (d), change in internal energy, (e) change in enthalpy

4. A sample consisting of 2.00 mol of diatomic perfect gas molecules at 250 K is compressed
reversibly and adiabatically until its temperature reaches 300 K. Given that CV,m = 27.5 J
K−1 mol−1, calculate q, w, ∆U, ∆H, and ∆S.

5. The protein lysozyme unfolds at a transition temperature of 75.5°C and the standard
enthalpy of transition is 509 kJ mol−1. Calculate the entropy of unfolding of lysozyme at
25.0°C, given that the difference in the constant - pressure heat capacities upon unfolding
is 6.28 kJ K−1 mol−1 and can be assumed to be independent of temperature. Hint. Imagine
that the transition at 25.0°C occurs in three steps: (i) heating of the folded protein from
25.0°C to the transition temperature, (ii) unfolding at the transition temperature, and (iii)
cooling of the unfolded protein to 25.0°C. Because the entropy is a state function, the
entropy change at 25.0°C is equal to the sum of the entropy changes of the steps.

6. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of the reaction CO(g) + CH3OH(l) → CH3COOH(l)
at 298 K, from the standard entropies and enthalpies of formation.

7. Calculate ΔStot when two iron blocks, each with a mass of 1 kg, one at 200 °C and the other
at 25 °C, are placed in contact with each other in an isolated container. The specific heat
capacity of iron is 0.449 J K-1 g-1 and may be assumed constant over the temperature range
involved.

8. The enthalpy of vaporization of methanol is 35.27 kJ mol-1 at its normal boiling point of
64.1 °C. Calculate the entropy of vaporization of methanol. What is the percent difference
from Trouton’s Rule? What is going on to account for this difference?