kinds of democratic states can be recognized in the I. Different forms of government and their Islamic countries. functions: A democratic state which recognizes Islam as 1. Anarchy – From the Greek word anarchia “without state religion. ruler”. May refer to the following: A democratic state which endeavor to institute No rulership or enforced authority. Sharia. Absence of government. 15. Liberal Democracy – or Constitutional Democracy is A social state in which there is no governing the dominant form of democracies in the 21 st century. person or group of person, but each individual Liberal democracies may take various constitutional has absolute liberty. forms: Absence or non-recognition of authority and Republics as the US or India or France order in any given sphere. Constitutional Monarchy as UK or Spain 2. Aristocracy – Derived from the Greek word 16. Messianic Democracy – Is a neologism used by Jacob aristokratia “the rule of the best”. Aristocracy is a form Talmon. of government in which a select few as most wise, 17. Non-Partisan Democracy – Also “no-party strong or contributing citizens rule, often starting as a democracy”. Is a system of representative government system of cooption where a council of prominent or organization such that universal and periodic citizens add, leading soldiers, merchants, land owners, elections take place without reference to political priest, or lawyers. parties. 3. Authoritarianism – It is a political system controlled 18. Participatory Democracy – Sometimes called “direct by non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree democracy” is a process promoted by the New Left in of individual freedom. the early 1960s and on the 1980s, emphasizing the broad 4. Totalitarianism – Considered being an extreme version participation of constituents in the direction and of authoritarianism. operation of political systems. 5. Autocracy – Is a form of government in which the 19. Religious Democracy – Means that the values of political power is held by a single, self-appointed ruler. religion play a role in the public arena in a society 6. Communist State – Characterized by a single-party populated by religious people. ruler of a Communist party and a professed allegiance to 20. Representative Democracy – Founded on the principle a communist ideology as the guiding principle of the of elected individuals representing the people, as state. opposed to either autocracy or direct democracy. 7. Confederation – Usually created by treaty but often 21. Republican Democracy – Is a republic which has later adopting a common constitution, confederation democratic forms of government. One of the key tend to established for dealing with critical issues. principal is free and open debate prior to casting a vote. 8. Corporatocracy/Corpocracy – Is a form of 22. Social Democracy – Is a political ideology of the left or government where a corporation, a group of centre-left that emerged in the late 19th century from the corporations, or government entities with private socialist movement and continues to exert influence components, controls the direction and governance of a worldwide. country. 23. Sociocracy – Is a system of governance using consent- 9. Consociational State – A state which has major internal based decision making among equivalent individuals divisions along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines. Ex. and an organizational structure based on cybernetic Belgium, Lebanon, Switzerland. principles. 10. Demarchy – “Dem” being short for demos meaning 24. Soviet Democracy – Sometimes referred to as “council people, and “archy” meaning rule. Is a hypothetical democracy” is a form of democracy in which workers’ political system run by randomly selected decision councils called “soviets”, consisting of worker-elected makers who have been selected by sortition. Referred to delegates, form organs of power possessing both as “democracy without elections”. legislative and executive power. 11. Direct Democracy – Classically termed pure 25. Totalitarian Democracy – Is a term made famous by democracy, comprises a form of democracy and theory Israeli historian J.L. Talmon to refer to a system of of civics wherein sovereignty is lodge in the assembly government in which lawfully elected representatives of all citizens who choose to participate. maintain the integrity of a nation state whose citizens, 12. Grassroots Democracy – Is a tendency towards while granted the right to vote, have little or no designing political processes where as much decision- participation in the decision-making process of the making authority as practical shifted to the government. organization’s lowest geographic level of organization. 13. Illiberal Democracy – Is a governing system in which although fairly free elections take place, citizens are cut off from real power due to the lack of civil liberties.