Professional Documents
Culture Documents
23 May 1991
2
THE ROSETTA STONE OF REMOTE SENSING
JOHN SALISBURY AND GRAHAM HUNT, 1970-1980
Pioneering work in
laboratory spectroscopy by
Graham Hunt and John
Salisbury in 1970’s and
1980’s. ->this led to the
Development of hyper-
3
Spectral sensors
4
MULTISPECTRAL: LANDSAT ERA
RATIO, DÉCOR STRETCH, SATURATION EHNANCEMENT
Different ages of lava flows
TM 5/7 - hydroxyl
6
MULTISPECTRAL: LANDSAT ERA
GEOLOGIC USE OF LANDSAT TM
ASTER
8
ASTER VERSUS LANDSAT TM
GLOBAL EARTH OBSERVATION DATA!
Graphite schists
Carboneras fault
Volcanic crater
- Gabo de Gata volcanics -
ASTER
RGB = 4,6,8
ITC course GRS
3D surface view of color composite: RGB = bands 4, 6, 8
Alteration centers
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/spot_coseis/index.html 14
Cosicorr = Sebastien Leprince
ASTER MEASURING GROUND DISPLACEMENT
CO-REGISTRATION OF OPTICALLY SENSED IMAGES - COSICORR
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/spot_coseis/index.html 15
MSc. M. Yaseen, ITC 2009
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/spot_coseis/index.html
MSc. M. Yaseen, ITC 2009
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MULTISPECTRAL ERA: ASTER
100 ASTER scenes (Rockwell and Hofstra, 2008, Hewson et al., 2005).
Lithologic mapping (Li et al., 2007, Qiu et al., 2006, Rowan and Mars, 2003,
Gomez et al., 2005, Khan et al., 2007).
Granites (Massironi et al., 2008, Watts et al., 2005),
Ophiolite sequences (Qiu et al., 2006, Khan et al., 2007)
Basement rocks (Qari et al., 2008, Gad and Kusky, 2007, Vaughan et al., 2005).
Sedimentary terrains (Pena and Abdelsalam, 2006).
Mineral exploration - geothermal (Vaughan et al., 2005)
Hydrothermal (Zhang et al., 2007, Hubbard et al., 2003, Yamaguchi and Naito,
2003, Carranza et al., 2008, Mars and Rowan, 2006, Mars and Rowan, 2010)
Evaporate systems (Kavak, 2005).
Offshore hydrocarbons (Lammoglia et al 2012)
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18
18
AVIRIS spectra
distance 22km.
21
Fred Kruse: Third JPL Imaging spectroscopy WS
Now
Now llook
ook aatt H
Hymap…
ymap… ASTER
HyMAp
Extrusives = basalt
Intrusives = granite
granite
0 5 10 15 Km. granite
Amphibolite
facies
Greenschist facies
IntChlorite+*Hornblende+*Actinolite
Hornblende
IntChlorite
Epithermal gold systems (Crosta et al., 1998, Kruse et al., 2006, Chen et
al., 2007, Rowan et al., 2000, Gersman et al., 2008, Bedini et al., 2009,
Van der Meer, 2006b)
Geothermal systems(Vaughan et al., 2005, Yang et al., 2001, Yang et al.,
2000, Kratt et al., 2010, Hellman and Ramsey, 2004)
Carlin-type systems (Rockwell and Hofstra, 2008)
Archean lode (Bierwirth et al., 2002)
Skarns (Windeler, 1993)
Calcic skarn (Kozak et al., 2004, Rowan and Mars, 2003, Bedini, 2009)
VMS (Berger et al., 2003)
Dolomitization (Gaffey, 1986, Van der Meer, 1996, Windeler and Lyon,
1991)
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HYPERSPECTRAL ERA
GEORESOURCE EXPLORATION
Mars general (Bibring et al., 2005, Poulet et al., 2005, Mustard et al.,
2005)
Mars sulfates (Wang et al., 2006, Mangold et al., 2008, Aubrey et al.,
2006)
Mars hydrated silicates (Mustard et al., 2008, Ehlmann et al., 2009)
Mars phyllosilicates (Loizeau et al., 2007)
35
37
Courtesy H. Yang, ITC PhD 1999
Reflective
‘My’ professor
Physical
Chemical
39
40
QUANTIFIABLE, VERIFIABLE, REPEATABLE R=alunite
SURFACE COMPOSITIONAL MAPPING/CLASSIFICATION B=kaolinite
IS data cube Spectral library G=illite
UNM
UNM
Process model
43
EMPIRICAL MODELS
QUANTIFIABLE (YES), REPRODUCIBLE (?)
Soil spectral signatures
0.7
0.6
Relative reflectance
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
300 800 1300 1800 2300
100
50
r2 = 0.94
0
0 50 100 150
Courtesy: Keith Shepherd, ICRAF 44
Predicted value
SWOT ‘TOO MANY BANDS’
Strength:
mimicking field reflectance
Cross comparison to field data
Cater for many applications
Weakness:
Engineering challenge to produce sufficient NER
Computing power
Calibration complexity
Data redundancy per channel and per application
Hyperion
•220 bands
•0.4 to 2.5 μm
•30 m.
•7.5km strips
CURRENT
READY
PLANNED
Number of bands
Hyperion
Hypxim Shalom HyspIRI*
PRISMA EnMAP
MSMI
HISUI
HICO HJ-1A
Bands
#
HySI
CHRIS
ASTER
Landsat
Instrument Lifetimes
landsat
ASTER
hyperion
CURRENT
chris READY
HySI PLANNED
HS-1A
HICO
EnMAP
PRISMA
MSMI
Note that lifetimes estimated are 5 years,
HyspIRI
luckily in reality instruments by far outlive
their lifetime - > ASTER, 1999 onward HISUI
HypXIM
GOCE
17 March 2009
SMOS
2 Nov. 2009
Cryosat EARTH
8 April 2010 SWARM ADM CARE
November 2012 AEOLUS
Velocity
54
Next in line: SWARM – ESA‘s magnetic field
mission
Swarm in February 2012 at ABG Ottobrunn,
– Swarm will provide the best- Germany.
Understanding
“Earth’s dynamo”
Mapping “magnetic
in the outer core
fingerprints” in
Earth’s crust
58
HOW BIG IS OUR WORLD?
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CHALLENGES
CORE LOGGING, HYPERSPECTRAL ROCK, THERMAL EMISSIVITY SPECTROSCOPY
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
62
ENSCHEDE
THE NETHERLANDS
WWW.ITC.NL