IV Tutorial Sheet 2016 – 17

EL – 342

1. Suppose that {ck} and {dk} are two binary (0, 1) periodic sequences with period N1 and N2,
respectively. Determine the period of the sequence obtained by modulo-2 sum of {ck} and
{dk}.
2. An m=10 maximum-length sequence generator is used to generate the PN sequence in a
DSSS system. The chip duration is 1 µs. Determine the processing gain and the jamming
margin if the required Eb/I0=10 and the jammer is a tone interference with an average power Iav.
3. Consider a DS-BPSK spread spectrum transmitter in the Fig. 1. Let d(t) be a binary
sequence 1101 arriving at a rate of 100 bps, where left most bit is the earliest bit. Let c(t)
be the pseudorandom binary sequence 100110111000 with a clock rate rate of 300 Hz.
Assuming a bipolar signaling scheme with a binary ‘0’ and binary ‘1’ represented by a
signal levels ‘-1’ and ‘+1’, respectively. Find
(a) The final transmitted binary sequence, p(t), corresponding to the bipolar signal
sequence.
(b) The bandwidth of the transmitted spread signal.
(c) The processing gain.

Fig – 1
4. A DSSS system transmits at a rate 1000bps in the presence of tone jammer. The average jamming
power is 20 dB greater than the desired signal power and the required Eb/I0 to achieve satisfactory
performance is 10 dB (Eb denotes average bit energy and I0 denotes jamming power spectral
density).Find the bandwidth of the spread signal and the ratio of spreading bandwidth to the
transmission rate.
5. In a certain DS/BPSK system the required bit error rate is 10-5, and Ech/I0 ≤-20dB (where Ech is the
average chip energy and I0 is the Gaussian interference power spectral density). Assume perfect
synchronization and negligible noise at the receiver. Find
(a) The Eb/I0 ratio for the specified probability of error.
(b) Processing gain in dB
(c) Minimum number of chips/bit.
6. The following table illustrates the operation of FHSS system for one complete period of the PN
sequence.

(a) What is the period of the PN sequence, in terms of bits in the sequence?
 (b) The system makes use of a form of FSK. What form of FSK is it?
(c) What is the number of bits per signal element (symbol)?
(d) What is the number of FSK frequencies?
(e) What is the length of a PN sequence per hop?
(f) Is this a slow or fast FH system?
(g) What is the total number of possible carrier frequencies?
(h) Show the variation of the base, or demodulated, frequency with time.
7. Consider an 8-FSK scheme with unmodulated carrier frequency, fc = 250 kHz, frequency
difference, fd = 25 kHz.
(a) Make a frequency assignment for each of the eight possible 3-bit data combinations. If you
wish to apply FHSS to this 8-FSK scheme with k=2; that is the system will hop among four
different carrier frequencies.
(b) Expand the results of (a) to show the 48=32 frequency assignments.
8. Consider a CDMA system in which users A and B have codes (-1 1-11-11-11) and (-1-
111-1-111) respectively.
(a) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data 1 and B does not transmit.
(b) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data 0 and B does not transmit.
(c) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 1 and B transmits a data bit 1.
Assume the received power from both A and B is the same.
(d) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 0 and B transmits a data bit 1.
Assume the received power from both A and B is the same.
(e) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 1 and B transmits a data bit 0.
Assume the received power from both A and B is the same.
(f) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 0 and B transmits a data bit 0.
Assume the received power from both A and B is the same.
(g) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 1 and B transmits a data bit 1.
Assume the received power from B is twice the received power from A. This can be
represented by showing the received signal component from A as consisting of
elements of magnitude 1(+1, -1) and the received signal component from B as
consisting of elements of magnitude 2(+2, - 2).
(h) Show the output at the receiver if A transmits a data bit 0 and B transmits a data bit 1.
Assume the received power from B is twice the received power from A.
9. A DS/BPSK user transmits information at a rate of 6 kbps, using a chip rate of 107 and the
received signal BER is 10-10. How many users can share the channel if the BER requirement
was reduced to 10-5 and each user reduces its power by 3 dB?
10. In a fast FH spread-spectrum system, the information is transmitted via FSK, with non-
coherent detection. Suppose there are N =3 hops/bit, with hard-decision decoding of the
signal in each hop.
(a) Determine the probability of error for this system in an AWGN channel with power-
spectral density N0/2 and an SNR=13 dB (total SNR over the three hops).
(b) Compare the result in (a) with the error probability of an FH spread spectrum system
that hops once/bit.