HSDPArev (1) (1) 8

Concepts of HSDPA
Abstract:
The W-CDMA specifications are the most ambitious and complex radio
standards ever written. The addition of new features to improve the system thus
comes as no surprise. One of the most significant changes since Release 99 is
the incorporation of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). This
technology allows for high data rates in the downlink, which enables the W-
CDMA system to compete against other high data rate wireless technologies.
This presentation covers the main changes that HSDPA introduces in the
physical and transport layers, such as the structure of the new physical and
transport channels and the new link adaptation techniques.
This paper is also available as an Agilent Application Note: “Concepts of High

Speed Downlink Packet Access: Bringing Increased Throughput and Efficiency to
W-CDMA” (literature part number 5989-2365EN)
1
3GPP Specifications Releases
GSM Phase I Doc. Version 3.X.Y Release 99 Doc. Version 3.X.Y
• Original GSM • W-CDMA (FDD and wideband TDD)
GSM Phase II Doc. Version 4.X.Y Release 4 Doc. Version 4.X.Y
• DCS1800 • Narrowband TDD (Low Chip Rate –
TD-SCDMA)
Release 96 Doc. Version 5.X.Y
Release 5 Doc. Version 5.X.Y
• HSCSD
• High Speed Downlink Packet
Release 97 Doc. Version 6.X.Y Access (HSDPA)
• GPRS Release 6 Doc. Version 6.X.Y
Release 98 Doc. Version 7.X.Y Release 7 Doc. Version 7.X.Y
• EDGE
Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 2
November 9th, 2005
In December 1999, ETSI produced a CD releasing the Frozen version of W-CDMA R99. During 2000,
the R99 feature set was frozen with regard to new features, but since Dec 99 there have been over
6500 non-editorial changes. The scale of change and the fact that it is still going on means there are
now strict rules to limit changes to the absolute essentials. The effect of this policy is that issues
regarding omissions or ambiguity with the R99 standard are now being left out or deferred to future
releases like Release 5, 6 and beyond.
The release naming of the ETSI/3GPP standards is shown below. Major features for each release
are also noted:
GSM Phase 1 Doc. Version 3.X.Y Original GSM
GSM Phase II Doc. Version 4.X.Y DCS1800
Release 96 Doc. Version 5.X.Y HSCSD
Release 97 Doc. Version 6.X.Y GPRS
Release 98 Doc. Version 7.X.Y EDGE
Release 99 Doc Version 3.X.Y W-CDMA - Content frozen in Dec. 99
Release 4 Doc. Version 4.X.Y Narrowband TDD – Content frozen in March 01
Release 5 Doc. Version 5.X.Y HSDPA – Content frozen in June 02
Release 6 Doc. Version 6.X.Y Content to be frozen in the near future
Release 7 Doc. Version 7.X.Y Content and dates to be defined
After R99, all the GSM documents were renamed by adding 40 to the document number to avoid
confusion between GSM Phase II with Release 4, and Release 96 with release 5 etc.
This presentation focuses on HSDPA technology as defined in Release 5.
2
What is HSDPA?
HSDPA : High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Increases downlink data rates
• Theoretically up to a peak data rate of almost 14 Mbps
• In practice, peak data rate might be 3.6 Mbps or lower, depending on cell size
Improves spectral efficiency for downlink packet data services
Employs both Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) and Code Domain
Multiplexing (CDM)
Reduces transmission latency
Supports multimedia services (packet based): web browsing, movie
streaming, interactive games, car-navigation system update, etc
HSDPA User Equipment (UE) and Release 99 UE can share the same carrier
November 9th, 2005
W-CDMA technology, can in perfect conditions deliver peak data rates of up to 2 Mbps. But in typical
network deployment, a cell will have a maximum capacity of around 1 Mbps shared between the cell’s
users. Peak user data rates are limited to 384 kbps.
HSDPA offers peak theoretical downlink data rates of up to 14 Mbps and increases the system
capacity for downlink packet data. Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) is used as well as Code Domain
Multiplexing (CDM), which accommodates bursty packet data better and makes more efficient use of
the spectrum.
Although the theoretical peak data rate for HSDPA is approximately 14 Mbps, the actual rates
achieved will be much lower than that. The performance of HSDPA depends largely on the cell size. In
macro cell applications, HSDPA may improve on W-CDMA data capacity only by perhaps 30%, with
sustainable peak data rates for one user of maybe 1 Mbps. But in micro and pico cell deployments
where co-channel interference is minimal, HSDPA is capable of delivering much higher performance
over basic W-CDMA. The exact improvement is very hard to predict since it depends on actual
channel conditions and the real-time capabilities of the BTS – neither of which are standardized.
However, some credible estimates for Release 5 suggest a cell capacity of up to 3 Mbps rising to 5
Mbps in Release 6, which includes a more advanced UE receiver and improved BTS packet scheduling.
Peak user data rates might reach 3.6 Mbps for short periods of time but are unlikely to be sustainable.
The increased data rates and improved capacity result in shorter delays for the end-users. This is
particularly important for some multimedia applications such as interactive games. The high data
rates also benefit streaming and web browsing applications.
Because HSDPA technology is backwards compatible with 3GPP Release 99, voice and data
applications developed for W-CDMA can still be run on the upgraded networks, and the same radio
channel will support W-CDMA and HSDPA services simultaneously.
3
What’s New for HSDPA?
Shorter Radio Frame
Downlink Channels
16 QAM Modulation Type
UEs Share Code Space by Time Multiplexing
Uplink Channel
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ)
Medium Access Control (MAC) Scheduling Functionality Moved to Node-B
Test Model 5 and Fixed Measurement Channels
What is next? - EUDCH and MIMO
Agilent Solutions for HSDPA Testing
November 9th, 2005
This slide shows the main changes that HSDPA introduces. Each of these areas will be
presented in greater detail. The presentation focuses on the physical layer aspects of
HSDPA (for the FDD mode), so the Medium Access Control (MAC) functionality will not
be covered in depth.
4
Sub-Frame Structure (FDD)
Sub-frame of Length 2 ms (3 slots, 3 x 666.67us)
W-CDMA frame: 10 ms
Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4
HSDPA subframe:
3 x Tslot = 2ms, 7680 chips

November 9th, 2005
The HSDPA frame (sub-frame) is 2 ms in length. That is equivalent to 3 of the currently

defined W-CDMA slots. Therefore there are 5 HSDPA sub-frames per a 10 ms W-
CDMA frame.
5
Channel Types
New Physical Channels:
DOWNLINK
HS-PDSCH : High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
• Carries payload data
HS-SCCH : High Speed Shared Control Channel
• Carries UE identity and channel parameters of associated HS-PDSCH
UPLINK
HS-DPCCH : High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
• Carries ACK and CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)
New Transport Channel (DOWNLINK only):

HS-DSCH : High Speed Downlink Shared Channel

November 9th, 2005
For HSDPA, one downlink transport channel (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel –
HS-DSCH), two downlink physical channels (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared
Channel – HS-PDSCH – and High Speed Shared Control Channel – HS-SCCH), and one
uplink physical channel (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel – HS-DPCCH)
have been introduced.
With this enhancement, layer 2 (MAC layer) can map logical channels (DCCH and
DTCH) onto the transport channel (HS-DSCH). Then, layer 1 in turn maps the transport
channel (HS-DSCH) onto one or more physical channels (HS-PDSCH).
The physical layer creates HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH to control and assist HS-DSCH
transmission.
6
Downlink Physical Channel Structure
HS-PDSCH
Sub-frame Length 2 ms
Two Slot Formats (based on modulation type)
Data
T
slot = 2560 chips, M*160 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2

1 HS-PDSCH subframe: Tf = 2 ms
M is the number of bits per modulation symbol i.e. M=2 for QPSK and M=4 for 16QAM.
Slot format #i Channel Bit Rate (kbps) Channel Symbol Rate (ksps) SF Bits/ HS-DSCH subframe Bits/ Slot
0(QPSK) 480 240 16 960 320
1(16QAM) 960 240 16 1920 640
Ref : 25.211 5.3.3.13
November 9th, 2005
The HS-PDSCH is used to carry the HS-DSCH. A HS-PDSCH is assigned one

channelization code of fixed spreading factor SF=16 from the set of channelization codes
reserved for HS-DSCH transmission. Multi-code transmission is allowed, which
translates to the UE being assigned multiple channelization codes (multiple HS-PDSCHs)
in the same HS-PDSCH subframe, depending on its UE capability.
The symbol rate of HS-PDSCH is fixed (240ksps), but its code number is configurable.
An HS-PDSCH may use QPSK or 16QAM modulation, so its channel bit rate can vary
(480 kbps vs. 960 kbps) based on its modulation scheme (QPSK vs. 16QAM). The
channel bit rate corresponds to the data rate after coding is applied. Originally 8 PSK and
64 QAM were investigated, but are not part of the Release 5 specifications.
All relevant Layer 1 information is transmitted in the associated HS-SCCH, i.e. the HS-
PDSCH does not carry any Layer 1 information.
7
16QAM for HS-PDSCH
I
Sdl,n i1
downlink S
physical Modulation Cch,SF,m I+jQ S
i2 i2
→ Mapper
channel q2 1011 1001 0001 0011
P Q 1.3416
j 1010 1000 0000 0010

0.4472 0.4472 1.3416
1110 1100 0100 0110
q1
1111 1101 0101 0111
q2
Left (16QAM): 240ksps, 960 kbps
Right (QPSK) : 240ksps, 480 kbps
Ref : 25.213 5.1

November 9th, 2005
The HS-PDSCH is modulated, spread, scrambled, and summed like other W-

CDMA downlink physical channels. The only difference is that the modulation
mapping can be either for QPSK or for 16QAM, and that the SF is always fixed at
16. The top right IQ constellation shows the correspondence of symbols to bits,
as described in the specifications.
The code domain displays for two signals with 4 HS-PDSCHs are shown in the
slide. The displays also show the constellation for one of the HS-PDSCHs,
which has a different modulation scheme for each signal: 16QAM modulation
(left) and QPSK modulation (right).
8
Downlink Transport Channel Coding
HS-DSCH CRC attachment
Number of Transport Blocks: Max = 1 Bit Scrambling
CRC Length = 24 bits Code block segmentation
Channel Coding = 1/3 Rate Turbo Channel Coding

Coding
Phys. Layer Hybrid-ARQ Functionality
Hybrid-ARQ is Two Stage Rate
Matching Physical channel segmentation
Interleaving is Performed Separately HS-DSCH Interleaving
For Each Physical Channel
Different 16QAM Constellations are Constellation Re-arrangement (16QAM)
Defined
Physical channel mapping
Ref : 25.212 4.5
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
November 9th, 2005
The HS-DSCH is an evolution of the downlink shared channel (DSCH) in W-CDMA Release 99. As
opposed to the dedicated channel (DCH), the DSCH provides the possibility of time-multiplexing
different users. In order to obtain higher data rates and improve spectral efficiency, on the HS-DSCH
the fast power control and variable spreading factor of the DSCH are replaced by short packet size,
AMC, multi-code operation, and HARQ, as will be shown during this presentation.
The HS-DSCH exists only in the downlink, and is always associated with a DPCH and one or more
shared physical control channels (HS-SCCHs). There is only one HS-DSCH per Coded Composite
Transport Channel (CCTrCH). There is only one CCTrCH of HS-DSCH type per UE. The CCTrCH can be
mapped onto one or several physical channels (HS-PDSCHs).
The coding blocks for the HS-DSCH are shown above. The channel coding of the HS-DSCH is always
1/3 (based on the Release 99 1/3 Turbo encoder). The effective code rate varies though, depending
on the puncturing and repetition that is applied during the rate matching stage.
The HARQ functionality corresponds to a two-stage rate matching. It matches number of bits at the
output of the channel coder to the total number of bits of the HS-PDSCH set to which the HS-DSCH is
mapped. The HARQ functionality is controlled by the redundancy version (RV) parameters. The exact
set of bits at the output depends on the number of input bits, the number of output bits, and the RV
parameters.
Physical channel segmentation divides the bits among the different physical channels, when more
than one HS-PDSCH is used. Interleaving is done separately for each physical channel.
The constellation re-arrangement only applies to 16QAM, so it is transparent for QPSK. In 16QAM
modulation, two of the four bits in a symbol have a higher probability of error than the two other bits.
The re-arrangement is applied during retransmissions and provides equal probability of error to all the
bits in average, after the retransmission combining. 9
Channel Coding Example
FRC H-Set 4 HS-DSCH Transport Block Size : 3202 bits
Inf. Bit Payload 3202
CRC Addition 3202 24 CRC
Code Block
Effective code rate :
Segmentation
3226
3226/4800 = 0.67
Turbo-Encoding
9678 1 2 Tail Bits
1st rate
(R=1/3)
1st Rate Matching 7200

matching
RV Selection 4800 2nd rate
matching
Physical Channel
Segmentation 960
Physical Channel Bits/TTI : 4800 bits
Spreading Virtual IR buffer size : 7200 bits/process

Scrambling
5 HS-PDSCHs …
QPSK mod. (960 bits/TTI) Ref : 25.101 A.7.1.4

November 9th, 2005
An example of the coding for a HS-DSCH is shown above. The coding corresponds to
a Fixed Reference Channel (FRC H-Set 4), that is used for UE receiver testing, as will
be shown later.
The first rate matching stage matches the number of input bits to a virtual
incremental redundancy (IR) buffer. The second rate matching stage matches the
number of bits after the first matching stage to the number of physical channel bits
available in the HS-PDSCH set in the Transmission Time Interval (TTI) and it is
controlled by the RV parameters.
The number of HS-PDSCH channels (five in this example) and the modulation format
define the number of physical channel bits after RV selection (960 bits x 5 = 4800
bits)
The turbo-encoding code rate is fixed at 1/3. The effective code rate corresponds to
the combination of turbo-encoding, and the rate matching stages. So, the effective
code rate for any HS-DSCH configuration can be calculated if the transport block size
(which in this case is equivalent to the number of information bits), the number of
HS-PDSCHs, and the modulation format are known. In this case the effective code
rate is 0.67 (= (3202+24) bits / (960 bits x 5)).
10
HS-SCCH
Carries Downlink Signalling Related to HS-DSCH Transmission
UE Monitors up to 4 HS-SCCHs Simultaneously (HS-SCCH set)
Control Data
T
slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
HS-SCCH
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

1 HS-SCCH subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Modulation Channel Bit Channel Symbol SF Bits/
Rate (kbps) Rate (ksps) Slot
QPSK 60 30 128 40
Ref : 25.211 5.3.3.12
November 9th, 2005
The HS-SCCH carries signaling information related to the HS-DSCH transport channel
transmission. The bit rate of HS-SCCH is fixed at 60 kbps, but its code number is
configurable.
A base station (BTS) can transmit more than 4 HS-SCCHs, but any single UE is
required to monitor 4 (see 25.308 5.2.2). There is a maximum of 32 HS-SCCHs per cell.
(see 25.433 maxNrOfHSSCCHs)
The HS-SCCH is also spread and summed like other downlink physical channels.
11
HS-SCCH Control Data
T
slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cch,16,0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 Cch,16,1
1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1 1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1 Cch,16,2 O(Offset) Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 1 1 1 1 Cch,16,3
1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1 Cch,16,4 P(# of codes) 1 HS-SCCH subframe: Tf = 2 ms
1 1-1-1-1-1 1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1 1 1 Cch,16,6 HS-PDSCH
1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1 Cch,16,5
1 1-1-1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1 1 1-1-1 Cch,16,7 Code
1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Cch,16,8 Slot #0 carries modulation information of HS-PDSCH, such as:
1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1 Cch,16,9 Set - Channelization Code Set (7 bits)
1-1 1-1-1 1-1 1 1-1 1-1-1 1-1 1 Cch,16,10
1-1 1-1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1 1-1 1-1 Cch,16,11 - Modulation Scheme: QPSK or 16QAM (1 bit)
1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1 Cch,16,12
1-1-1 1 1-1-1 1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1 Cch,16,13
1-1-1 1-1 1 1-1 1-1-1 1-1 1 1-1 Cch,16,14
1-1-1 1-1 1 1-1-1 1 1-1 1-1-1 1 Cch,16,15 Slot#1,Slot#2 carries channel-coding information of HS-DSCH, such as:
- Transport-block size information (6 bits)
- Hybrid-ARQ process information (3 bits)
- Redundancy and constellation version (3 bits)
- New data indicator (1 bit)
Ref : 25.212 4.6 Data of Slot #0,#1,#2 are covered with UE identity (16 bits)

November 9th, 2005
The physical channel structure of the HS-SCCH is shown above. The first slot
carries critical information for HS-PDSCH reception, such as the channelization
code set and the modulation scheme. After receiving the first slot, the UE has
just one time slot for decoding the information and preparing for the upcoming
HS-PDSCH reception.
The number of codes used for HSDPA can vary dynamically between 1 and 15.
The Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes are positioned in
sequence in the code tree. The number of multicodes and the corresponding
offset for the HS-PDSCHs mapped from a given HS-DSCH is signaled on the HS-
SCCH. P Multicodes at Offset O are Allocated as Follows: Cch,16,O …
Cch,16,O+P-1.
The second and third slots carry channel coding information of the HS-DSCH,
such as the transport block size information, the HARQ information, the RV and
constellation version, and the new data indicator.
The data of the three slots are covered with the UE identity.
12
Downlink Physical Channel Timing
HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH Starts 2 Slots (5120 chips) After the Start of the HS-SCCH
Start of HS-SCCH Sub-frame #0 is Aligned with the Start of the P-CCPCH Frames
3×Tslot = 7680 chips
HS-SCCH
3×Tslot 7680 chips
HS-PDSCH HS-DSCH sub-frame
τHS-PDSCH (2×Tslot = 5120 chips)
1 sub frame = 3 slots (=1/5 frame)

duration : 2 ms (=10 ms * 1/5)
Ref : 25.211 7.8

November 9th, 2005
This timing chart above shows how control information associated with a HS-
PDSCH subframe is provided on a HS-SCCH subframe by BTS.
BTS transmits a HS-SCCH subframe two slots (= 5,120 chips) before transmitting
the HS-PDSCH. Therefore, the UE needs to decode the HS-SCCH subframe
quickly in a short limited time.
The HS-SCCH and the HS-PDSCH overlap during a slot. Therefore, indispensable
information for demodulating the HS-PDSCH subframe (e.g. modulation scheme)
needs to be transmitted at the beginning of the HS-SCCH subframe. Otherwise,
the UE would miss the HS-PDSCH.
13
Downlink CODE/TIME multiplexing
Shared packet channel
Time
Dedicated channel
OVSF codes
November 9th, 2005
This picture shows how both Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) and Code
Domain Multiplexing (CDM) can be used in HSDPA. Multiple UEs can receive
information in the same sub-frame by using different parts of the code (OVSF)
space.
The main difference between a dedicated channel (such as the DPCH used in W-
CDMA Release 99) and a shared packet channel (such as the HS-PDSCH used in
HSDPA) is that shared packet channels can also multiplex several users in the
time domain.
14
Uplink Physical Channel Structure
HS-DPCCH
Carries Feedback Related to Downlink HS-DSCH Transmission
Can Only Exist with DPCCH
Tslot = 2560 2 x Tslot = 5120 chips
chips
HARQ-ACK CQI
1 HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4
1 Radio frame Tf = 10 ms Ref : 25.211 5.2.1
Slot Channel Bit Channel Symbol SF Bits/ Bits/ Transmitted slots

Format #i Rate (kbps) Rate (ksps) Subframe Slot per Subframe
0 15 15 256 30 10 3

November 9th, 2005
The HS-DPCCH carries uplink feedback signaling related to downlink HS-DSCH

transmission. The HS-DSCH-related feedback signaling consists of HARQ
Acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) and Channel-Quality Indication (CQI). As in the case of
the HS-PDSCH and the HS-SCCH, each sub frame of length 2 ms (3*2560 chips)
consists of 3 slots, each of length 2560 chips. The HARQ-ACK is carried in the first slot
of the HS-DPCCH sub-frame. The CQI is carried in the second and third slot of a HS-
DPCCH sub-frame.
There is at most one HS-DPCCH on each radio link. The HS-DPCCH can only exist
together with an uplink DPCCH.
Two different paths are used for coding: HARQ-ACK and CQI. The HARQ-ACK
information (1 bit) is coded to 10 bits, being ACK coded as 1’s, and NACK coded as 0’s.
The CQI information is coded Using a (20,5) Code. The coded bits are directly mapped
to the physical channel.
The feedback cycle of the CQI can be set as a network parameter in predefined steps
from 2ms to infinite (i.e. disabled). It is worth noticing that an active HS-DPCCH may
have slots where no HARQ-ACK information and/or CQI information is transmitted.
Therefore, the HS-DPCCH can carry a bursted signal.
15
Uplink Spreading/Scrambling
HS-DPCCH
DPDCH1
cd,1 βd * If Nmax-dpdch is even
** If Nmax-dpdch is odd
cd,3 βd
DPDCH3 I
Σ
cd,5 βd
DPDCH 5
Sdpch,n
chs β hs I+jQ
HS-DPCCH* S
cd,2 βd
DPDCH 2
cd,4 βd
DPDCH 4 channelization code of HS-DPCCH
cd,6 βd Σ Q Nmax-dpdch Channelization HS-DPCCH (Cch,256,32)
DPDCH 6 code Cch
cc
j 1 Cch,256,64
βc
Ref : 25.213 4.2.1
DPCCH 2,4,6 Cch,256,1
25.213 4.3.1.2
chs β hs
HS-DPCCH**
3,5 Cch,256,32 25.214 5.1.2.6 for power

November 9th, 2005
The diagram for uplink spreading and scrambling is shown above.

There are two possible HS-DPCCH positions on the summation block. If the
number of DPDCH is even, HS-DPCCH goes to I-summation. If the number of
DPDCH is odd, HS-DPCCH goes to Q-summation.
In order to balance the total power on I and Q axes, the HS-DPCCH’s
channelization code varies depending on the DPDCH channel’s activity status.
The table above shows that the channelization code of the HS-DPCCH depends
on the number of DPDCHs being used. (e.g. if only 1 DPDCH is used, the HS-
DPCCH would be on the Q path with a channelization code of 64; if there are
three DPDCHs, the HS-DPCCH’s code number is 32, and since “three” is an odd
number, HS-DPCCH goes to Q-axis.)
The power level of the HS-DPCCH is set as an offset compared to the UL DPCCH.
The bhs value is derived from the power offsets of the HARQ-ACK and CQI fields,
which are signalled by the higher layers.
16
Radio Frame Timing of
Downlink and Uplink Physical Channels
10msec Radio frame
Ref : 25.211 Figure33
At BTS Any CPICH Ref : 25.211 7.7
P-CCPCH Radio frame (SFN mod 2 = 0) Radio frame (SFN mod 2 = 1) Ref : 25.211 7.8
n:th DL
` DPCH τ DPCH, n Ref : 25.402 8
HS-SCCH subframe # 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
HS-PDSCH subframe # 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Propagation delay
τ DPCH, n
n:th DL DPCH
At UE 1024 chip+/-alpha
UL DPCH TTX_diff
DL HS-PDSCH subframe # 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
τ UEP ≈ 19200 chips = 7.5 slots
UL HS-DPCCH subframe # 0 1 2 3 4 m = (TTX_diff / 256) + 101
m * 256 chips = 7680 + 19200 + T TX_diff - 1024

November 9th, 2005
The radio frame timing for the downlink and uplink physical channels is shown
above. The HS-SCCH subframe #0 aligns with the W-CDMA 10ms radio frame.
The HS-DPCCH is transmitted approximately 19,200 chips (= 7.5 slots) after its
corresponding downlink HS-PDSCH subframe. The time of the ACK/NACK
response from the UE on the HS-DPCCH is explicitly defined. The BTS will know
when to expect the response for each sub-frame it transmitted.
The HS-DPCCH transmission time is referenced to the UL DPCH and the transmit
time difference between the DL DPCH and the sub-frame of interest.
The overall time from the beginning of DL HS-PDSCH sub-frame until the
beginning of the UL HS-DPCCH sub-frame is a little greater than 3 sub-frames.
This timing information will be important later when discussing the number of
HARQ processes.
17
Which of the following statements about dedicated
and shared transport channels are correct?
£ Dedicated transport channels are code multiplexed with
other channels.
£ A dedicated transport channel always uses the same
code(s) and shares it/them in time with other users.
£ A shared transport channel always uses the same code(s)
and shares it/them in time with other users.
£ Shared transport channels share the time but not the code
space with other users.

November 9th, 2005
Information about the Q&A (review slide 14 for further information):

Which of the following statements about dedicated and shared transport channels are
correct?
£ Dedicated transport channels are code multiplexed with other channels.
True. This is the basic principle of CDMA technology.
£ A dedicated transport channel always uses the same code(s) and shares it/them in
time with other users.
False. A dedicated channel does not share its code channel with other users in time.
So, no TDM is used.
£ A shared transport channel always uses the same code(s) and shares it/them in time
with other users.
False. The code set (including the number of codes) for a shared transport channel can
change dynamically.
£ Shared transport channels share the time but not the code space with other users.
False. Shared transport channels share both the time and the code space with other
users. So, both CDM and TDM are used.
18
Which of the following are true differences between
the HS-DSCH and the DSCH?
£ The HS-DSCH has a shorter frame size than the DSCH
£ The HS-DSCH uses TDM and CDM and the DSCH only CDM
£ There is fast power control for the DSCH but not for the HS-
DSCH
£ The HS-DSCH uses codes with a fixed SF and the DSCH uses
codes with a variable SF

November 9th, 2005

Which of the following are true differences between the HS-DSCH and the DSCH?
£The HS-DSCH has a shorter frame size than the DSCH
True. The DSCH is a basic W-CDMA channel, so it has a 10 s frame. The HS-DSCH
uses the 2 ms HSDPA subframe.
£The HS-DSCH uses TDM and CDM and the DSCH only CDM
False. They are both shared channels, so they use both TDM and CDM.
£There is fast power control for the DSCH but not for the HS-DSCH
True. The fast power control and variable spreading factor used in basic W-CDMA has
been replaced in the HSDPA HS-DSCH channel with a shorter frame size, fixed
spreading factor, and the use of techniques such as AMC and HARQ.
£The HS-DSCH uses codes with a fixed SF and the DSCH uses codes with a variable SF
True. The HS-DSCH is always mapped onto physical channels (HS-PDSCH) with SF=16.
The DSCH used in basic W-CDMA is mapped onto physical channels with variable
spreading factors.
19
What is the maximum number of HS-PDSCHs for an
HS-DSCH within a subframe?
£ 1
£ 3
£ 15
£ 16

November 9th, 2005

What is the maximum number of HS-PDSCHs for an HS-DSCH within a subframe?
£1
False.
£3
False.
£15
True. The HS-PDSCHs use SF=16, so if no other channels were present, there could be
16 of these channels. Since other channels, such as the HS-SCCH, and the regular W-
CDMA channels (CPICH, P-CCPCH, etc) need to be present and occupy some code
space as well, there can be up to 15 HS-PDSCHs.
£16
True.
20
HS-SCCH slot #0 carries…
£ HARQ ACK/NACK info

£ The CQI
£ HS-PDSCH modulation information
£ The HS-PDSCH redundancy and constellation version

November 9th, 2005

HS-SCCH slot #0 carries…
£HARQ ACK/NACK info
False. The HARQ ACK/NACK info is carried by the uplink HS-DPCCH
£The CQI
False. The CQI is carried by the uplink HS-DPCCH
£HS-PDSCH modulation information
True. HS-SCCH slot 0 carries both information about the code set and the modulation
used for the HS-PDSCH(s) onto which the HS-DSCH is mapped.
£The HS-PDSCH redundancy and constellation version.
False. The HS-DSCH redundancy and constellation version, along with other transport
channel coding information, is carried by slot #1 and slot #2 of the HS-SCCH.
21
Which of the following statements about the HS-
DPCCH are true?
£ The HS-DPCCH always uses SF=256
£ The HS-DPCCH is applied to I or Q path depending on the
number of HS-PDSCHs transmitted
£ The HS-DPCCH carries HARQ ACK/NACK information
£ As in the other uplink channels, the HS-DPCCH modulation
scheme is always BPSK.

November 9th, 2005
Information about the Q&A (review slides 15 and 16 for further information):
Which of the following statements about the HS-DPCCH are true?
£The HS-DPCCH always uses SF=256
True. Both uplink control channels (the DPCCH and the HS-DPCCH) use always
SF=256.
£The HS-DPCCH is applied to I or Q path depending on the number of HS-PDSCHs
transmitted
False. The HS-DPCCH is applied to either the I or Q path depending on the number of
uplink DPDCHs (not downlink HS-PDSCHs!!) transmitted.
£The HS-DPCCH carries HARQ ACK/NACK information
True. Slot #0 of the HS-DPCCH carries ACK/NACK info.
£As in the other uplink channels, the HS-DPCCH modulation scheme is always BPSK.
True. All the uplink channels (basic W-CDMA or HSDPA) are I/Q multiplexed and use
BPSK.
22
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Change Modulation and Coding With Instantaneous Channel Conditions
Channel Conditions Reported by CQI in HS-DPCCH
Modulation and Coding Capable of Being Adjusted Every Sub-frame (2 ms)
Example: Coding parameters from CQI table for UE categories 1 to 6 Virtual IR buffer size
Transport Number of Reference power
CQI Value Modulation NIR RV
block size HS-PDSCHs adjustment ∆ dB
0 Out of range
1 137 1 QPSK 0 9600 0
15 3319 5 QPSK 0 9600 0
16 3565 5 16QAM 0 9600 0
29 7168 5 16QAM -7 9600 0
30 7168 5 16QAM -8 9600 0
Ref : 25.214 6.A.2 and Tables 7A-E
November 9th, 2005
Link adaptation is one important way in which HSDPA improves data throughput. The technique used,
adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), varies the downlink modulation-coding scheme depending on the
channel conditions for each user. The power of the transmitted signal is held constant over a sub-frame
interval, and the modulation and coding format are changed to match the current received signal quality or
channel conditions at the receiver. In this scenario, users close to the BTS are typically assigned higher
order modulation with higher code rates (for example, 16QAM with an effective code rate of 0.89), but the
modulation-order and code rate will decrease as the distance from the BTS increases. As mentioned earlier,
1/3 rate Turbo coding is used and different effective code rates are obtained through various rate-matching
parameters.
In HSDPA, the UE reports the channel conditions to the BTS via the uplink channel CQI field in the HS-
DPCCH. The CQI value can be 0 to 30, with a value of 0 indicating “out-of-range.” Each CQI value
corresponds to a certain transport block size, number of HS-PDSCHs, modulation format, reference power
adjustment ? , virtual IR buffer size and RV parameter, for a certain UE category’(the different UE categories
will be defined later in this presentation).
The UE reports the maximum CQI value whose corresponding parameters would theoretically provide an
acceptable block error ratio (BLER) for the current link conditions.
The reported CQI value is then used by the BTS in combination with other parameters to determine the
appropriate coding configuration for the next packet transmission to the UE. To fully define the coding
configuration for a certain transmission, the BTS must select the following parameters:
•Transport block size (254 from which to choose in the FDD mode - see 25.321 Appendix A)
•Modulation type—QPSK or 16 QAM
•Number of physical downlink codes (1-15)
•Rate-matching parameters: Virtual IR buffer size and RV (or data puncturing scheme).
So, even though there are a limited number of CQI values, there are literally thousands of configurations
from which the BTS can choose for a certain transmission.
23
Effective Code Rate and
Nominal Data Rate
Effective _ code _ rate =
(TBsize + 24) (1)
(# HS − PDSCH ×# bitsHS − PDSCH )
TBsize (2)
Nom. _ Data _ Rate =
2ms
For example:
Transport Number of Effective Code Nominal Data
Modulation
block size HS-PDSCHs Rate Rate
137 1 QPSK 0.17 68.5 kbps
173 1 QPSK 0.20 86.5 kbps
650 2 QPSK 0.35 325 kbps
7168 5 16QAM 0.75 3.584 Mbps
25558 15 16QAM 0.89 12.779 Mbps

November 9th, 2005
The transport block size, number of HS-PDSCHs and modulation scheme determine
the effective code rate as shown in equation (1) in the slide. The nominal data rate
can be directly calculated from the transport block size divided by the Transmission
Time Interval (TTI), which in HSDPA is fixed at 2 ms, as shown in equation 2.
Therefore, in HSDPA many data rates (or transport block sizes) are possible by
varying the modulation type, effective code rate, and number of multicodes. This
slide shows a few examples. The modulation, coding, and number of HS-PDSCHs
can be adjusted every sub-frame (2 ms).
Remember that even though there are only 30 CQI values, there are 254 possible
data rates (transport block sizes) for the FDD mode. There are almost 2000 possible
effective code rates (almost 2000 combinations of the three parameters: transport
block size, number of HS-PDSCHs, and modulation scheme).
24
Maximum Data Rate
Transport Number of Modulation Effective Code Nominal Data
Block Size HS-PDSCHs Rate Rate
27952 15 16QAM 0.97 13.976 Mbps
15 HS-PDSCH

November 9th, 2005
For example, the largest transport block size is 27952 bits. It corresponds to a
highest data rate of 13.976 Mbps (27952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 Mbps). This data rate
is obtained by using 16QAM, an effective code rate of 0.9714, and 15 HS-PDSCHs.
In real life, the 14 Mbps headline figure for HSDPA is not achievable. It is physically
possible to configure such a channel but there is nowhere it could be used. It
requires close-to-perfect link conditions. The code domain display that shows the
15 HS-PDSCHs with the 16 QAM constellation display for one of the HS-PDSCHs
illustrates that most of the cell’s capacity would be consumed by this high data rate
HS-DSCH configuration.
Realistic peak data rates are likely to be much lower than 14 Mbps. As an example,
the most stringent “single link” conformance test requirement for the UE in Rel-5 is
based on a five-code QPSK channel with nominal data rate of 1.6 Mbps. The
required throughput is 1.269 Mbps. The most stringent “closed loop diversity”
conformance test requirement for the UE in Rel-5 is based on a four-code 16QAM
channel with nominal data rate of 2.332 Mbps. The required throughput in this case
is 1.5 Mbps. In both these test cases the cell needs to be 10 dB above the noise
and the UE consumes HALF the cell power.
25
Hybrid-ARQ
Hybrid
• Feed forward error correction, such as convolutional coding and turbo coding…
• ARQ : Feedback error correction.
ARQ : Automatic Repeat reQuest
Transmitter 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 7 5
CK
CK
K
K
NA
AC
AC
AC
NA
AC
Receiver 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 7
ERROR ERROR
ACK/NACK control : Layer 1

Packet Order Scheduling : Layer 2 (MAC)

November 9th, 2005
Hybrid-Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) is a combination of feed forward error

correction (FEC) and ARQ methods that saves information from previous failed
attempts to be used in future decoding. It is based on an asynchronous downlink
and a synchronous uplink. The uplink reports either ACK or NACK upon reception
and decoding of a block.
HARQ is an implicit link adaptation technique. Whereas in AMC explicit C/I
measurements or similar measurements are used to set the modulation and coding
format, in HARQ, link layer acknowledgements are used for re-transmission
decisions. AMC provides the coarse data rate selection, while HARQ provides for
fine data rate adjustment based on channel conditions.
26
Hybrid-ARQ Retransmission
Upon Receiving a NACK Data Can be Retransmitted
Number of Information Bits (NINFO) Retransmitted are the Same as the
Initial Transmission
Modulation Scheme, Channelization Code Set and the Transmission
Power May be Different From Original Transmission
Number of Channel Bits (NCH) May Be Different Compared to Original
Transmission
Even if NCH is the Same as the Original Transmission the Set of Bits
Retransmitted May be Different as Compared to the Original Set
Ref : 25.858 7.1

November 9th, 2005
For a retransmission, the transport-block set is the same as for the initial
transmission. This means that, for a retransmission, the number of information
bits NINFO to be transmitted is the same as for the initial transmission.
For a retransmission the modulation scheme and the channelization-code set,
including the size of the channelization-code set, and the transmission power,
may be different compared to the initial transmission. This means that, for a
retransmission, the number of available channel bits Nch may differ compared to
the initial transmission. The channel bits are the bits actually transmitted over
the air.
Even if the number of available channel bits Nch is the same, the set of channel
bits may be different for the retransmission compared to the initial transmission.
27
Soft Combining Strategies
Soft Combining Uses Information From Both Original Transmission and

Retransmissions
• Chase Combining (CC)
• Identical Version of Erroneously Detected Packet is Transmitted
• Received Copies are Combined by the Decoder Based on SNR Prior
to Decoding
• Incremental Redundancy (IR)
• Additional Redundant Information is Incrementally Transmitted
Ref : 25.858 7.1

November 9th, 2005
Soft combining is used in HSDPA to minimize the need for further repeat
requests. Two choices of HARQ combining schemes are possible: Chase
Combining (CC) and Incremental Redundancy (IR). CC corresponds to defining or
using only a single redundancy version. In IR a different set of bits is
retransmitted and combined with the original set, hence increasing the amount
of redundant data and the likelihood of recovering from the errors introduced on
the air.
28
Incremental Redundancy
Transmitted data: UE Redundancy buffer:
I r e a r u a y I r e a r u a y
Sorry. Didn’t hear you? (NACK)
n e n l e n n In re en al re un an y
Almost got it! (NACK)
c m t _ d d c Incremental_redundancy
OK, heard you that time! (ACK)
“Dow’t trwnsmwt awy mowe dwtw twan ywu havw to”

“Don’t transmit any more data than you have to”

November 9th, 2005
The idea behind incremental redundancy is to transmit as few bits as possible by

heavily puncturing the data. At each stage of retransmission, the effective
throughput decreases. The slide depicts an analogy of how incremental
redundancy works. In this example, if the first transmission had been heard
there would be a 3x gain. By the time the second transmission happens, the
potential advantage is reduced to 1.5 times. Since all three transmission are
needed to decode the message, there is no gain from having used incremental
redundancy.
The benefit of incremental redundancy over chase combining depends on the
effective code rate. A low effective code rate implies that there is not much
puncturing applied, to begin with. So incremental redundancy does not provide
a significant advantage over chase combining in that case, because there is little
redundancy that can be added to the received data.
29
Inter-TTI Interval
The HSDPA Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is always 2 ms (=1 subframe)
Inter-TTI interval refers to the number of TTIs (or subframes) between
transmissions to the same UE
All UE must be capable of receiving transmissions every 3rd sub-frame which
is an Inter-TTI interval of 3
More capable UE can handle an Inter-TTI interval of 2 or 1
HS-PDSCH(s) Data DTX DTX Data DTX DTX Data DTX DTX
Inter-TTI = 3
HS-PDSCH(s) Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX Data
Inter-TTI = 2
November 9th, 2005
The HSDPA Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is always 2 ms, so it is equivalent

to 1 subframe. The Inter-TTI interval refers to the number of TTIs (or subframes)
between transmissions to the same UE.
The minimum inter-TTI interval a UE must support is either 1,2 or 3. This value
depends on the HS-DSCH category (defined next). UE with a minimum inter-TTI
interval of 1 should be capable of receiving data every sub-frame, a value of 2
means data every other sub-frame, and 3 is every third sub-frame. Therefore, the
most capable UEs have a minimum inter-TTI interval of 1.
30
HARQ Processes (1)
If only 1 HARQ process, inter-TTI interval is at least 6 because arrival of
ACK/NACK takes about 5 sub-frames
Multiple Independent HARQ Processes Per User May Run in Parallel
• Data Rate to User is Increased
Process #0
• Available System Capacity is Not Wasted
Process #1
Sub-frame # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
P=0 DTX DTX P=1 DTX DTX P=0 DTX DTX P=1 DTX DTX P=0
HS-SCCH NDI=0 NDI=0 NDI=1 NDI=0 NDI=0
HS-PDSCH(s) Data DTX DTX Data DTX DTX Data DTX DTX Data DTX DTX
2 slots Inter-TTI = 3
HS-DPCCH UE Processing delay

NACK
CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI

ACK
CQI
ACK
DTX
DTX
DTX
DTX
DTX
DTX
~2.5 sub-frames
(∼7.5 slots)
November 9th, 2005
Data is not retransmitted until the receipt of the ACK or NACK for that data. A
HARQ process can only be used for one block of data at a time. It takes around
5 subframes of time to get the associated ACK/NACK response at the BTS as to
if the UE correctly received the BTS transmission, so the inter-TTI interval for a
single HARQ process is at least 6. In order not to waste the latency time
between transmission of the block and reception of the ACK/NACK response,
multiple independent HARQ processes can be used to transmit more blocks of
data. This increases the data rate to a specific UE.
The slide shows 2 HARQ processes and an inter-TTI of 3. Each HARQ process is
assigned an identifier (P=0 or 1 in the slide), which is used to couple the
processes in the transmitter and the receiver. The new data indicator (NDI) is
used to distinguish between data blocks. The HS-SCCH indicates new data
being transmitted by toggling the NDI value between 0 and 1 within the same
process (see 25.321 11.6.1.3). In this example, Process #1 receives a NACK,
which results in a retransmission of a packet (the NDI value stays as a ‘0’).
31
HARQ Processes (2)
Throughput can be increased by reducing the inter-TTI period, which allows
the interleaving of more HARQ processes
A UE capable of inter-TTI = 3 supports 2 HARQ processes (or less)
A UE capable of inter-TTI = 2 supports 3 HARQ processes (or less)
A UE capable of inter-TTI = 1 supports the maximum 6 processes (or less)
The BTS chooses any number processes up to the max the UE class handles
Sub-frame # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
HS-SCCH Control DTX Control DTX Control DTX Control DTX Control DTX Control DTX Control
HS-PDSCH(s) Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX Data DTX
2 slots Inter-TTI = 2
Processing delay
HS-DPCCH CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI CQI
DTX
DTX
DTX
ACK
DTX
ACK
ACK
ACK
~2.5 sub-frames ACK

(∼7.5 slots)
November 9th, 2005
Throughput can be increased by reducing the inter-TTI interval, which allows

the interleaving of more HARQ processes. With an inter-TTI interval=2 and 3
HARQ processes, the throughput is 1.5 times the throughput with an inter-TTI
interval of 3 and 2 HARQ processes.
A UE with minimum inter-TTI interval of 3 must be able to support 2 HARQ
processes. A UE with minimum inter-TTI interval of 2 must be able to support 3
HARQ processes. A UE with minimum inter-TTI interval of 1 must be able to
support 6 HARQ processes, which are the maximum number of processes that
can be transmitted in parallel. Soft memory is partitioned across HARQ
processes. The BTS chooses any number of processes up to the maximum that
the UE class can handle.
32
UE Capability Classes
HS-DSCH category (FDD) Maximum Minimum Maximum number of bits of Total number of
number of HS- inter-TTI an HS-DSCH transport block soft channel
DSCH codes interval received within an HS- bits
received DSCH TTI
Category 1 5 3 7298 19200
Category 2 5 3 7298 28800
Category 3 5 2 7298 28800
Category 4 5 2 7298 38400
Category 5 5 1 7298 57600
Category 6 5 1 7298 67200
Category 7 10 1 14411 115200
Category 8 10 1 14411 134400
Category 9 15 1 20251 172800
Category 10 15 1 27952 172800
Category 11 5 2 3630 14400
Category 12 5 1 3630 28800
UEs of Categories 11 and 12 support QPSK only. Ref : 25.306 4.5.3 and table 5.1a
November 9th, 2005
The table from the specifications defining the UE categories (HS-DSCH physical layer
categories (FDD) from 25.306 (table 5.1a)) is shown above. The main parameters used to
define the UE physical layer capabilities are the following:
The maximum number of HS-DSCH codes supported
The minimum inter-TTI interval.
The maximum number of HS-DSCH transport channel bits (or transport block
size) that can be received within a single TTI.
The maximum number of soft channel bits over all the HARQ processes
Support for 16QAM, or QPSK only
The UE must be capable of receiving 4 parallel HS-SCCHs.
33
MAC Layer Scheduling
Functionality in Node-B
Packet Scheduling Functionality located in MAC Layer in Node-B (BTS)
instead of in Network Controller
• Based on channel quality, UE capability, Quality of Service (QoS) class,
power/code availability
• Fast scheduling possible because of functionality closer to air interface and
short frame length
• Fast adaptation to channel variation (AMC)
• Fast HARQ retransmissions

November 9th, 2005
In order to support fast packet transfer, the packet scheduling functionality is added
to the MAC Layer in the BTS.
It is possible to schedule according to radio channel conditions (based on the CQI
from all the UEs involved) as well as the amount of data to be transmitted.
Scheduling can become computationally complex, depending on the algorithm used.
The maximum throughput comes from serving the UE(s) with the best radio channel
conditions but practically some degree of fairness is needed. The actual throughput
is heavily dependent on the packet scheduling algorithm used.
Scheduling, modulation and coding adaptation, and HARQ retransmissions are fast
because they are performed as close to the air interface as possible and because a
short frame length is used. Fast scheduling makes it possible to track the fast
channel variations.
34
HSDPA Test Models and
Reference Channels
Test Model 5 for BTS transmitter testing: Ref : 25.141 6.1.1.4A
• Use to test EVM for BTS supporting HSDPA w/ 16QAM modulation

• Includes 8, 4, or 2 HS-PDSCHs depending on BTS capability
5 (6 for Release 6) Downlink Fixed Reference Channels (FRC) specified
for UE receiver and HSDPA performance requirements testing
• FRC H-Set 1 for UE of HS-DSCH category 1 and 2 Ref : 25.101 9
• FRC H-Set 2 for UE of HS-DSCH category 3 and 4
• FRC H-Set 4 for UE of HS-DSCH category 11
• FRC H-Set 5 for UE of HS-DSCH category 12
November 9th, 2005
A new test model, Test model 5, has been added to the conformance specifications as the
test configuration for BTS transmission testing.
Similar to Reference Measurement Channels (RMC) in 3GPP Release 99, HSDPA defines
FRCs. The different FRCs are used for UE receiver and performance requirements tests,
depending on the UE category.
35
FRC H-Set 3
Parameter Unit Value
Nominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate kbps 1601 2332
Inter-TTI Distance TTI’s 1 1
Number of HARQ Processes Processes 6 6
Information Bit Payload ( N INF ) Bits 3202 4664
Number Code Blocks Blocks 1 1
Binary Channel Bits Per TTI Bits 4800 7680
Total Available SML’s,in UE SML’s 57600 57600
Number of SML’s per HARQ Proc. SML’s 9600 9600
Coding Rate 0.67 0.61
Number of Physical Channel Codes Codes 5 4
Modulation QPSK 16QAM
Ref: 25 101 A.7.1.3

November 9th, 2005
As an example, the table from the specifications for the FRC H-Set 3 is shown above.
36
Coding FRC H-Set 3
Inf. Bit Payload 3202 (QPSK)
Code Block
3226
Segmentation
Turbo-Encoding
9678 12 Tail Bits
(R=1/3)
RV Selection 4800
Physical Channel
Segmentation 960
Inf. Bit Payload 4664

(16QAM)
Code Block
4688
Segmentation
Turbo-Encoding
14064 12 Tail Bits
(R=1/3)
RV Selection 7680
Physical Channel
Segmentation 1920
Ref: 25.101 A.7.1.3

November 9th, 2005
The figure above corresponds to the coding for FRC H-Set 3.
37
What is next?
Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (EUDCH)
Also known as High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
Targeted for Release 6
Increases uplink data rates, improves coverage, and reduces delay
Supports multimedia services (packet based): video conferencing
Employs techniques similar to HSDPA:
• AMC
• Addition of 16QAM
• HARQ
• Scheduling at Node-B
• Shorter frame size (TTI)
November 9th, 2005
The enhanced uplink dedicated channel (EUDCH), more commonly known as HSUPA, is
targeted for Release 6 of the 3GPP specifications. It is supposed to provide uplink data
rates similar to those provided by HSDPA in the downlink, improve coverage, and reduce
end-user delay. Its main application are packet based services that require high
throughput in both the downlink and the uplink, such as video conferencing.
The techniques used for EUDCH are anticipated to be similar to those used for HSDPA:
AMC, HARQ, addition of 16QAM, scheduling controlled at the Node-B, and shorter frame
size, among others.
38
What is next?
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antennas
Targeted for Release 7
Increases data rates and capacity
Theoretical capacity increases linearly with the number of Tx/Rx antennas
Combined Tx 1, Tx 2 signals
Tx 1 Rx 1 Tx 1 Data
DSP
Tx 2 Rx 2 Tx 2 Data

November 9th, 2005
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna systems get their name from the use of
multiple antennas at the transmitter (input to the channel) and multiple antennas at the
receiver (output of the channel). Unlike other smart-antenna systems, in this system the
data stream is split among the multiple antennas, so each antenna is transmitting a
unique data stream. The primary goal is to increase the data rate and the spectral
efficiency.
MIMO systems rely on multipath to ensure that each receiver sees a different linear
combination of transmit signals. When that condition is met, the receiver can estimate
the channel characteristics from each and every transmit antenna, to each and every
receive antenna and then use that information to isolate each transmit signal. For
example, in a system with two transmit antennas and two receive antennas, four
channel responses would need to be estimated. In theory, this system can increase
peak data rates by the number of transmit/receive pairs. So a two antenna system
could reach 2 times the peak data rate of Release 5 HSDPA.
The incorporation of MIMO antennas are expected to be part of Release 7 of the 3GPP
specifications.
39
Which of the following statements about
AMC and HARQ in HSDPA are correct?
£ The modulation and coding can be adjusted every subframe
£ Both CQI and HARQ ACK/NACK fields provide information on
channel quality
£ The only parameters that determine the data rate within a
subframe are the modulation scheme and the number of HS-
PDSCHs used.
£ Users with better channel conditions are typically assigned
higher effective code rates and higher order modulation
schemes.

November 9th, 2005
Information about the Q&A (review slides 23, 24, and 26 for further information):
Which of the following statements about AMC and HARQ in HSDPA are correct?
£The modulation and coding can be adjusted every subframe
True. AMC allows the modulation, coding, and number of HS-PDSCHs to be adjusted every
subframe (2 ms). (review slide 23 and 24)
£Both CQI and HARQ ACK/NACK fields provide information on channel quality
True. The CQI is an explicit indicator of channel quality, while the HARQ ACK/NACK information
is an implicit indicator of channel quality (if the UE sends a NACK, it means that the block was
not well received/decoded, which, ultimately means that the channel quality was worse than
expected, assuming that the UE is performing as expected). (review slide 26)
£The only parameters that determine the data rate within a subframe are the modulation
scheme and the number of HS-PDSCHs used.
False, the nominal data rate (data rate within a subframe) is defined by the transport block size.
The transport block size, modulation scheme and number of HS-PDSCHs determine the effective
code rate. In other words, different transport block sizes (or nominal data rates) are possible
because different effective code rates, modulation schemes, and number of HS-PDSCHs can be
used. (review slide 24)
£Users with better channel conditions are typically assigned higher effective code rates and
higher order modulation schemes.
True. This is the basic principle behind AMC. Higher effective code rates (within a subframe)
means less coding redundancy (within a subframe), so less margin for error in the reception.
Higher order modulation schemes also have less margin for error. Therefore, it only makes
sense to use high effective code rates and high order modulation schemes when we have very 40
good channel conditions, which minimize the probability of error. (review slide 23)
For an HSDPA HARQ retransmission...
£ The number of information bits may be different compared to
the initial transmission
£ The set of channel bits must be different as compared to the
original set
£ The transmission power may be different from the original
transmission
£ The modulation scheme and channelization code set might
be different from the original transmission

November 9th, 2005

For an HSDPA HARQ retransmission...
£The number of information bits may be different compared to the initial transmission
False. The information (original data bits in the transport block) that we want to transmit is
always the same in the original transmissions and subsequent retransmissions.
£The set of channel bits must be different as compared to the original set
False. The set of physical channel bits can be different, but it can also be the same, depending
on the combining scheme used.
£The transmission power may be different from the original transmission
True. The transmission power can be changed from one transmission to another one.
£The modulation scheme and channelization code set might be different from the original
transmission.
True. The modulation scheme and channelization code set (including the number of HS-
PDSCHs) can be changed for a retransmission. So, AMC can be applied even if we are
retransmitting a block, except that the transport block size has to be the same as in the original
transmission.
41
Which of the following statements
about incremental redundancy are correct?
£ For a retransmission, the redundancy version and
constellation version are different from the original
transmission.
£ For a retransmission, the redundancy version and
constellation version are the same from the original
transmission.
£ The idea is to transmit as few bits as possible by heavily
puncturing the data.
£ Data throughput decreases as the number of retransmissions
increases.

November 9th, 2005

Which of the following statements about incremental redundancy are correct?
£ For a retransmission, the redundancy version and constellation version are different from the
original transmission.
True. In Incremental Redundancy, different puncturing schemes are used in the retransmissions
to increase the redundancy of the data received, and minimize the probability of error. Different
constellation re-arrangements for 16 QAM are also possible.
£ For a retransmission, the redundancy version and constellation version are the same from the
original transmission.
False. This is true for Chase Combining but not for Incremental Redundancy.
£ The idea is to transmit as few bits as possible by heavily puncturing the data.
True. In other words, the idea is not to transmit any more data than you have to.
£ Data throughput decreases as the number of retransmissions increases.
True. More retransmissions mean more time spent (or a larger total number of bits transmitted)
trying to transmit/receive the same original information successfully, which is equivalent to
lower throughput for the end-user.
42
What is the maximum number of HARQ processes
that a UE with a minimum inter-TTI interval of 3
must support?
£ 6
£ 3
£ 2
£ 1

November 9th, 2005
Information about the Q&A (review slides 31, 32, and 33 for further information):
What is the maximum number of HARQ processes that a UE with a minimum inter-TTI interval of
3 must support?
£6
False. The only UEs that can handle 6 parallel HARQ processes are UEs with minimum inter-TTI
interval of 1.
£3
False. UEs with minimum inter-TTI interval of 2 must be able to handle 3 HARQ processes (they
can also handle fewer than 3). UEs with minimum inter-TTI interval of 1 can also handle 3
processes (they can handle any number of parallel processes, from 1 up to 6 processes).
£2
True. UEs with minimum inter-TTI interval of 3 must be able to handle 2 HARQ processes (they
can also handle 1 process). These are the lower performing UEs. All the UEs should be able to
handle 2 parallel processes (or more, for UEs with minimum inter-TTI interval of 1 or 2).
£1
False. All the UEs should be able to handle 1 process, but they should be able to handle more
than that, depending on their capability.
43
In HSDPA, data throughput for a user may depend on
which of the following?
£ The channel conditions for that user
£ The channel conditions for all users
£ The amount of data to be transmitted to the different users
£ The packet scheduling algorithm
£ The UE capability class

November 9th, 2005

In HSDPA, data throughput for a user may depend on which of the following?
£The channel conditions for that user
True. AMC allows the modulation and coding to vary according to the instantaneous channel
conditions. So, the data rate for a user can change from subframe to subframe. The data rate
used affects the overall throughput for that user. The channel conditions will also affect the
number of retransmissions required to successfully decode a block, which also affects the
overall throughput for that user.
£The channel conditions for all users
True. The packet scheduling algorithm must take into account the channel conditions to all
users to figure out how to distribute resources. So, the channel conditions for the different
users affect the overall throughput for the single user.
£The amount of data to be transmitted to the different users
True. The packet scheduling algorithm must take into account the amount of data to be
transmitted to the different users to figure out how to distribute resources. So, the amount of
data for the different users affects the overall throughput for the single user.
£The packet scheduling algorithm
True. The packet scheduling methodology and the actual algorithm have a direct effect on the
overall throughput for the single user.
£The UE capability class
True. Higher performing UEs (minimum inter-TTI interval of 1, capability to receive more HS-
PDSCHs, higher block transport size, etc) can handle higher data rates. 44
Agilent Solutions for HSDPA
– Design Simulation & Verification –
Agilent ADS Communications Systems Designer and

W-CDMA Design Library Agilent 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software
DUT
Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Agilent E4440A PSA Spectrum Analyzer

Signal Generator (or 89600 Vector Signal Analysis hardware
or E4406A VSA Transmitter Tester
Signal Studio for
or ESA-E Series Spectrum Analyzers
HSDPA over W-CDMA
or Infiniium Oscilloscopes)

November 9th, 2005
This slide shows the recommended process for simulating and verifying the HSDPA performance of a
W-CDMA BTS or UE device or component design. First, the whole system is created and simulated
using the Agilent ADS Communications Systems Designer and W-CDMA Design Library. The
simulated signal is analyzed using the Agilent 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software, which is
dynamically linked with the ADS simulation tool on the PC platform, and the design parameters are
adjusted accordingly. Once the simulation measurements provide results within the expected value
range, the different hardware prototype sections can be built. The signal that is used as a stimulus for
each section in the simulation is transferred to an Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator. This
generator can then provide a stimulus signal for the hardware prototype on the bench with the same
characteristics as the one used in the simulation., Signal Studio for HSDPA over W-CDMA can also be
used as an alternative to ADS to configure fully coded downlink and uplink HSDPA channels, when
intermediate access to the coding layers is not required. (Note: The fully coded DPCH channels that
are included in Signal Studio lack the advanced feature set included in option 400 (W-CDMA
personality), i.e. compressed mode, etc).
Each prototype section is verified using the Agilent E4440 PSA Spectrum Analyzer. The D.U.T. output
test signal can also be read from the PSA back into the ADS simulation environment using the Agilent
89601A Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) software, which also offers signal source capability, to read
signals from the testbench/PSA back into ADS. This means that the effects of the DUT hardware
prototype in the overall system can be assessed even before all the sections are built, which simplifies
the design rework cycles. Once all the hardware prototype sections have been through this cycle, they
are physically integrated and the whole transmitter system is verified on the bench using the Agilent
E4440A.
The 89601A VSA software runs inside of ADS with the same powerful post-processing algorithms
used by the PSA on the bench, so results between simulated and test correlate. The 89600 VSA
hardware, the E4406A Vector Signal Analyzer (which is mostly used in manufacturing), the ESA-E
Series Spectrum Analyzers (general purpose SA), or the Infiniium Oscilloscopes, can also be used in
place of the E4440A PSA.
45
– Baseband Design Simulation & Verification –
Agilent ADS Communications Systems Designer

Agilent 89601A Vector
and W-CDMA Design Library
Signal Analysis Software
Digital
BB
DUT
Agilent E4438C ESG Baseband Studio
Vector Signal Digital Signal Agilent 1680, 1690, or
Generator Interface Module 16900 logic analyzers
Signal Studio for HSDPA and pattern generators
over W-CDMA
November 9th, 2005
For DUTs with digital inputs and/or outputs, a similar process applies. The
Baseband Studio Digital Signal Interface Module (DSIM) provides digital inputs
and outputs for the E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator. The DSIM is also
available for direct connectivity with a PC platform, so ADS or custom signals
can be transferred directly to a DUT with digital inputs without the need of a
signal generator. Direct connectivity with the 89601A vector signal analysis
software is also provided, for DUTs with digital outputs.
As an alternative for DUTs with digital outputs, Agilent 1680, 1690, and 16900
logic analyzers can be used to capture the digital signal and transfer it to ADS or
the 89601A software for further analysis. The 16900 family also has a pattern
generator option with connectivity to ADS that can also be used to provide
digital stimulus to DUTs with digital inputs.
46
ADS W-CDMA Design Library
– Test Model 5 in ADS 2003C –
Select 6,14, or 30 DPCHs

3GPP
Q
VSA
... Mod_RC
I
TestModel5
3GPPFDD_TestModel5 CxToRect RF_ModulatorRC VSA_89600_Sink

G1 C1 IF_Mod V1
SpecVerHSDPA=Version 09-03 SymbolRate=3.84e6
ScrambleCode=0 MirrorSpectrum=NO
ScrambleOffset=0
ScrambleType=Normal
SCCPCH_SltFmt=slot format 0
OutputMode=Ramp
Seed=0
DPCHSet=6 DPCH DF
DF

November 9th, 2005
The W-CDMA Design Library in ADS 2003C includes Test Model 5. As

mentioned earlier, test model 5 is the channel configuration defined in the
specifications to verify the modulation quality performance of the HSDPA BTS
transmitter or component.
47
ADS W-CDMA Design Library
– HSDPA Coded Uplink Source and Receiver in ADS 2004A–

November 9th, 2005
The W-CDMA Design Library in ADS 2004A includes both an HSDPA coded
uplink source and an HSDPA coded uplink receiver. The BTS receiver is
particularly useful during UE performance requirement simulation and
verification to decode the ACK/NACK and CQI response from the UE, which is
necessary to calculate BLER and other performance requirement metrics.
48
-Design Verification-
Pre-defined test model 5
16QAM demod bits support
Modulation accuracy with HSDPA signal
AMC support in code domain
Agilent E4440A PSA Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator with Signal

Studio for HSDPA over W-CDMA (option 418)
Easy to use graphical user interface Agilent E4406A VSA Transmitter Tester
Real-time encoded CRC for HS-DSCH
DL pattern support for UE ACK/NACK and CQI responses
Flexible uplink ACK/NACK & CQI patterns
Pre-defined RMC and FRC channels
Open loop transmit diversity support
Pre-defined test model 5 (option 400) Agilent 89600 Series Vector Signal Analyzers

November 9th, 2005
The Agilent solutions for signal generation and analysis of HSDPA BTS and UE
are shown above.
The Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator with Signal Studio for HSDPA
over W-CDMA (option 418) enables you to perform receiver testing on W-CDMA
BTS and UE that use the HSDPA channels.
Note that Signal Studio is not suitable for amplifier testing of signals with the
HSDPA channels. Instead, the E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator with the
3GPP W-CDMA FDD personality (option 400) should be used for this purpose.
This option is intended for testing both amplifiers and receivers for the primary
W-CDMA FDD communications channels. It also contains Test Model 5 for
testing amplifiers with the HSDPA channels. It is not suitable for BER/BLER
testing of HSDPA receivers.
The HSDPA measurement personality (option 210) of the Agilent E4440A PSA
Spectrum Analyzer and the E4406A VSA Transmitter Tester enables HSDPA
signal analysis for modulation quality very easily. And the Agilent 89600 Series
Vector Signal Analyzers with option B7N, 3G modulation analysis, also provides
transmitter measurements for signals with HSDPA channels, such as code
domain power and composite EVM.
49
ESG with Signal Studio for HSDPA
over W-CDMA – UE test features enable BLER testing –
Common Channels
Multicode Set AWGN
HSDPA Channels
•4 HS-PDSCH
•4 HS-SCCH
Transport layer config
16 OCNS 16QAM
Channels or
QPSK
Modulation

November 9th, 2005
The figure above shows some of the features of the Signal Studio for HSDPA
over W-CDMA software for UE testing. The most important feature for testing
mobiles is the ability to create downlink transport and physical layer coded
HSDPA signals for performing BLER analysis. The transport layer coding can be
turned off for troubleshooting applications.
The software enables the user to generate up to 15 multicodes, and select either
QPSK or 16QAM for the downlink HSDPA transmissions. This is useful for
testing the demodulation and decoding algorithms in the baseband section.
The next feature is the ability to configure the W-CDMA common control
channels. Although these are not part of the HSDPA capability, they are needed
to establish a radio link between the mobile and the ESG.
Another feature is the ability to generate up to 16 OCNS channels. These
channels simulate the interference observed by the mobile due to the BTS
simultaneously transmitting to other users in a particular cell.
A related feature is the AWGN capability. The AWGN capability simulates the
interference caused by other transmitters (TV stations, radio stations, other
cellular communications, etc) in the vicinity of the cell area.
One final feature is generating up to 4 downlink HSDPA data channels and the
corresponding HSDPA control channels. This is useful for testing whether the
mobile can correctly identify the appropriate HSDPA channel to demodulate and
decode.
Signal Studio for HSDPA over W-CDMA also provides the ability to configure
two ESGs for open loop diversity (in a different part of the user interface).
50
over W-CDMA –HARQ and AMC support for UE performance testing–
• Test Adaptive Modulation Coding (AMC) capability
Configure CQI pattern and UE category
Time varying streams of 16QAM and QPSK modulation
• Test Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) capability
Configure ACK/NACK pattern
Configure RV parameter
ESG emulates BTS Tx System
Each packet is created

with different coding
parameters
CRC result
Create ACK/NACK or CQI patterns

November 9th, 2005
Signal Studio for HSDPA over W-CDMA enables functional and performance
testing of the AMC and HARQ features associated with HSDPA transmissions.
Each packet is coded with different parameters depending upon the CQI or
ACK/NACK information. The feature works in an open loop mode where the CQI
or ACK/NACK information is simulated through the use of a pattern configured
by the user. These CQI or ACK/NACK patterns can be up to 1280 subframes in
length giving the user the capability to create sophisticated AMC or HARQ
scenarios.
Note that conformance testing is not possible with this solution, since a closed
feedback control loop for the HARQ and AMC parameters is required.
51
over W-CDMA – BTS test features enable functional testing –
CQI pattern
ACK/NACK pattern

November 9th, 2005
The figure above shows some of the features of the Signal Studio for
HSDPA over W-CDMA software for BTS testing. The most important feature
with regard to HSDPA BTS testing is the ability to create ACK/NACK and
CQI patterns to determine the BTS ability to correctly respond to different
scenarios.
Another feature is the ability to create the basic W-CDMA signal for use in
establishing a radio link between the ESG and the BTS.
52
HSDPA Personality in Signal Analyzers
– Pre-defined Test Model 5 –
Symbol Boundary: Auto TM5/8xHS-PDSCH
AUTO active detection fails because With Predefined Test Model, code channel
code channel here is set to –30dB is set to Active by force

November 9th, 2005
The following slides show some of the features of the HSDPA personality
(option 210) in the PSA and E4406A VSA signal analyzers. By selecting a pre-
defined test model the instrument is forced to despread and demodulate using
the pre-defined parameters listed below:
•Modulation Scheme (QPSK or 16QAM)
•SF (Spreading Factor)
•Channelization Codes
53
– Adaptive Modulation and Coding –
Slot #0 Move to slot #3
Detected as QPSK correctly HS-PDSCH modulated in 16QAM

November 9th, 2005
The HSDPA personality in the Agilent signal analyzers supports both QPSK
and 16QAM modulation schemes and can detect them automatically.
The modulation scheme detection has three modes:
• Auto: Automatically detects the modulation scheme (16QAM or
QPSK) by slot-by-slot estimations.
• QPSK: Forces to detect as QPSK
• 16QAM: Forces to detect as 16QAM
Symbol Boundary : Auto (Detects active channels within Meas Offset/Meas

Interval range).
Mod Scheme : Auto (Detects modulation scheme only within Meas
Offset/Meas Interval specified range).
54
– 16QAM Demodulated Bits Support –
I1
1011 1001 0001 0011 i 0 1 2 3
Q2 b(I) I1 Q1 I2 Q2
Q1
1010 1000 0000 0010
*From TS25.213 5.1
1110 1100 0100 0110
1111 1101 0101 0111

Q2
I2 I2
Binary Format Hexadecimal Format

November 9th, 2005
When the code channel is detected as 16QAM modulated, the HS-PDSCH

demodulated bits can be seen in binary or hexadecimal formats.
55
– Excel VBA HS-SCCH Decoding Tool –
HS-SCCH
code number
PSA/E4406A
IP address
UE ID
New data
indicator (NDI)
HS-PDSCH(s)
code set : code HS-PDSCH(s) HS-DSCH HARQ process Redundancy and
number offset Modulation Transport Block identifier constellation
and number of scheme size version (RV)
codes

November 9th, 2005
An external excel visual basic for applications (VBA) macro can be used to
extract the despread HS-SCCH signal from the PSA/E4406A and decode the HS-
DSCH control information carried by this channel: the HS-PDSCH(s) modulation
scheme and code set, and the transport channel parameters: transport block
size, HARQ process identifier, RV, and NDI.
Note: The excel macro shown in this slide is an internal Agilent tool. Please
contact your local AE if you are interested in having a copy.
56
– Excel VBA HS-DPCCH Decoding Tool –
HS-DPCCH code
number and I/Q
allocation
Subframe Delay
HARQ CQI
ACK/NACK
November 9th, 2005
An external excel VBA macro can also be used to extract the despread HS-
DPCCH signal from the PSA/E4406A and decode the ACK/NACK and CQI fields.
Note: The excel macro shown in this slide is an internal Agilent tool. Please
contact your local AE if you are interested in having a copy.
57
– Modulation Accuracy for HSDPA Signal –
Correct EVM reading Signal with HSDPA channels

November 9th, 2005
When the HSDPA capability is enabled, 16QAM modulated code channels can
be correctly detected for the EVM measurement. Without the HSDPA option, the
HS-PDSCHs with 16QAM modulation would be demodulated assuming a QPSK
constellation, which would result in large errors.
58
8960 with HSDPA Test Application for UE
E1963A Key Features
• Most complete 34.121 section 5 & 6
test coverage in one box (including
standard W-CDMA tests)
• Flexibility in UE Control
• FDD Test Mode
• RB Test Mode
• Fully functional MAC-hs
• 12.2 kbps RMC + FRC H-Set 1 to 5
HSDPA Measurements
• Receiver and performance tests: • Transmitter tests:
• BLER and t-put R • Channel Power, ACLR, SEM, dynamic
• ACK/NACK count and statDTX count power analysis
• Median CQI • Flexible HSDPA triggering
November 9th, 2005
The E1963A is primarily intended for W-CDMA, HSDPA, UMTS production test engineers who are
developing test plans to manufacture HSDPA, W-CDMA, UMTS devices, Agilent’s one-box test set
provides the most complete test functionality for TS 34.121 transmitter (section 5) & receiver
characteristics (section 6) tests. Fast measurements and options in UE connectivity enable
flexibility in test plan development and the assurance that designs meet technology standards.
The E1963A can also be used for design engineers allowing them to speed the validation of their
designs allowing them to get their products to market in the least amount of time.
Both FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and RB (Radio Bearer) test modes are available. FDD
provides a basic HSDPA forward physical channel signal, no protocol is sent to communicate to the
UE. This is ideal for efficient parametric test needs focusing on the RF transmitter and Receiver.
RB test mode provides the same parametric test capability but adds the protocol required to bring
the call up.
Other key features include a new and completely functional MAC-hs layer that provides ACK/NACK
support along with analysis of the CQI values reported by the UE, and generation of the standard
W-CDMA control channels and a dedicated W-CDMA channel configured as the 12.2 kbps RMC, in
addition to the HSDPA channels. FRC H-Sets 1 through 5 are supported, both in their QPSK and
16QAM configurations.
The transmitter measurements supported include Channel power, ACLR, and SEM, along with a
graphical burst by burst display of the UE’s output power. These measurements, when coupled
with a new flexible trigger for HSDPA, provide industry leading transmitter measurement
capabilities, allowing customers to isolate transmission trouble within three distinct zones within
the subframe.
The receiver and performance requirement metrics supported include a BLER and t-put R in kbps,
ACK/NACK count, statDTX count, and median CQI, as shown in the measurement display in the
slide.
59
GS-8800 Plus: UMTS RF Conformance System for UE
– Pre-Conformance and Conformance –
Signal
Analysis
(E4445A PSA)
Advantage of GS-8800 Plus
Out-of-Band
• GSM/GPRS/EGPRS support
PC Controller
Interference
(E8257D PSG)
GSM Filter Module • GCF Certification
(N1962A)
In-Band
ATT/SW Driver • Upgrade of Standard system
Interference
Add-on RF
Interface
(87130A)
to Plus system
(E4438C #1 ESG)
RF Interface
• GS-8800 is scalable from
DUT
RF Comm.
Test Set BB Processor (N1961A)
RF
Super-Lite, Lite, Standard,
(8960 #1 OBT) (Master)
Plus1 (Pre-conformance) and
RF Comm. In-Band Plus2 (Full conformance)
Test Set Interference
(8960 #2 OBT) (E4438C #2 ESG)
RF Fading Simulator
with AWGN
Power Supply
(66311B)
• Future HSUPA support
RF Comm.
BB Processor
Test Set
(Slave)
(8960 #3 OBT)
GS-8800 Plus Additional Instruments

November 9th, 2005
The GS-8800 is a multiple radio technology RF design verification system. W-CDMA,

HSDPA, GSM, (E)GPRS, cdma2000, 1xEVDO and AMPS are supported on the same
hardware and software platform.
The GS-8800 plus is a newly introduced W-CDMA/HSDPA RF conformance system based
on the GS-8800 “standard” system.
The GS-8800 plus expands the test coverage of the GS-8800 standard system to support
more 3GPP TS 34.121 UE RF conformance test cases in Release 5 by adding baseband
processors and other instruments used in conformance testing (specified in the block
diagram in this slide using dotted red line).
There are two configurations available for the GS-8800 plus system. The first one is the
plus1 system which is a W-CDMA/HSDPA RF pre-conformance system. Pre-conformance
means that the test coverage is limited to test cases which use only one 8960 RF test set.
The second configuration is the plus2 system which is a W-CDMA/HSDPA RF full
conformance system. This system includes HSDPA open loop and closed loop diversity
test cases in 3GPP TS 34.121, as shown in the next slide.
60
GS-8800 Plus: UMTS RF Conformance System for UE (cont.)
GS-8800 TS 34.121 HSDPA Tests
Section Test Description
5.2A Maximum Output Power with HS-DPCCH
5.9A Spectrum emission mask with HS-DPCCH
Standard system 5.10A Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) with HS-DPCCH
5.13.1A Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) with HS-DPCCH
6.3A Maximum Input Level for HS-PDSCH Reception (16QAM)
Plus1 9.2.1 Demodulation of HS-DSCH - Single Link Performance
9.2.2 Demodulation of HS-DSCH - Open Loop Diversity Performance
Plus2
Plus 9.2.3 Demodulation of HS-DSCH - Closed Loop Diversity Performance
system 9.3.1 Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator - AWGN Propagation Conditions
Plus1 9.3.2 Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator - Fading Propagation Conditions
9.4 HS-SCCH Detection Performance

November 9th, 2005
The slides shows the HSDPA test cases supported by the GS-8800 standard, plus1, and
plus2 systems.
61
Anite Solutions for HSDPA UE Signaling Test
Anite W-CDMA/HSDPA SAT
• 2-12 cell signaling test solution for protocol development using the 8960 with the
Anite Baseband Processor (ABP)
• 3GPP Release 5 Programmer’s Toolset (PT)
• 3GPP Release 5 Conformance Toolset (CT) with Conformance Test Cases
• HSDPA MAC-hs/RLC and baseband control via graphical user interface (GUI)
Anite W-CDMA/HSDPA SAS

• 2-12 cell signaling test solution for Interoperability Test (IOT) using 8960 with ABP
• 3GPP Release 5 network simulation via GUI
ABP ABP

November 9th, 2005
The Anite SAT Test System provides functional verification of HSDPA UEs, as well as a complete Release 5
development test system. The system comprises multiple test units (up to 12) with an industry-standard PC
controller. The test units are connected to the PC controller via a LAN interface. The test unit is comprised of an
Agilent 8960 wireless communications test set and an Anite add-on module (the Anite Baseband Processor -
ABP). Multiple test units provide support for simulation of multiple cells and to allow handover procedures to be
tested. The RF paths are combined via a straightforward power splitter/combiner. Introduction of other channel
impairments such as co-channel or adjacent channel interferers can be done externally using a directional
coupler or power splitter/combiner.
The Anite HSDPA test solution includes both MAC and RLC functionality in accordance with 3GPP
specifications TS 25.321 and TS 25.322 respectively. The following components of the MAC architecture are
implemented: MAC-hs – manages flow control, scheduling and priority control, per-user HARQ processes and
transport format/resource combination selection, and MAC-d – implements transport channel switching, C/T
multiplexing and flow control with transport channel routing to MAC-hs. RLC entities can be activated in
transparent mode, unacknowledged mode or full acknowledged mode and routed to logical channels as needed.
The Anite SATsystem can be controlled in three ways:
• A C/C++ programmable API. This allows the test system user to write test programs or simulation scenarios
in C/C++ using Anite’s full Programmer’s Toolset (PT) for W-CDMA & HSDPA. In addition to the functions of
the test system itself, the programmer has access to the underlying facilities of the host computer such as file
and I/O systems. This, for example, allows programs to control external equipment, to control the UE under test
or to store and retrieve large amounts of test data.
• A test case manager using Anite’s Conformance Toolset (CT) to run conformance test scripts for both W-
CDMA and HSDPA.
• For HSDPA, a graphical user interface (GUI) is also available to allow control via MAC-hs/RLC and/or
baseband for development testing.
The Anite SAS system is controlled by a GUI that allows channels to be activated and deactivated. Test
configurations can also be stored and reloaded. It allows for creation of complex cell or network simulations to
enable interoperability testing.
62
Summary
HSDPA uses new techniques such as AMC and HARQ to achieve high
peak rates
HSDPA improves spectral efficiency for downlink packet data traffic
New channels are defined for the downlink and the uplink
TDM is used in combination with CDM
Modulation and coding change in accordance with instantaneous
variations in channel conditions
HARQ and soft combining provide further data rate adjustment based
on channel conditions
MAC layer scheduling functionality in Node-B provides fast scheduling
Agilent provides solutions for HSDPA testing of BTS and UE
November 9th, 2005
As a summary, HSDPA is a new technology incorporated in W-CDMA Release 5 to

increase data throughput and improve the efficiency of the system for downlink
data traffic. Some of the main changes in HSDPA are the addition of new channels,
the combination of TDM with CDM techniques, the use of adaptive modulation and
coding and Hybrid ARQ techniques, and the move of the MAC layer scheduling to
the Node-B.
Agilent currently provides a wide range of HSDPA test solutions for BTS and UE
that can be used from early design verification through manufacturing.
63
Reference Documents
(www.3gpp.org)
3GPP TS 25.101 V.6.9.0 3GPP TS 25.306 V.5.c.0
UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD) UE Radio Access Capabilities
3GPP TS 34.121 V.6.2.0 3GPP TS 25.308 V.5.7.0
Terminal Conformance Specification. Radio HSDPA Overall description
Transmission and Reception (FDD)
3GPP TS 25.321 V.5.c.0
3GPP TS 25.141 V.6.b.0 Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol
BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD) Specification
3GPP TS 25.211 V.5.7.0 3GPP TR 25.858 V.5.0.0
Physical Channels and Mapping of Transport High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Channels onto Physical Channels (FDD) Physical Layer Aspects
3GPP TS 25.212 V.5.a.0 3GPP TR 25.877 V.5.1.0
Multiplexing and Channel Coding (FDD) High Speed Downlink Packet Access:
lub/lur Protocol Aspects
3GPP TS 25.213 V.5.6.0
Spreading and Modulation (FDD) 3GPP TR 25.950 V.4.0.0
UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
3GPP TS 25.214 V.5.b.0
Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)
November 9th, 2005
A listing of some of the Release 5 specifications that relate to HSDPA and that
were used when developing this presentation is shown above.
64
Related Information
Information on Agilent’s HSDPA solutions:

www.agilent.com/find/HSDPA
Agilent Application Note “Concepts of High Speed Downlink Packet

Access: Bringing Increased Throughput and Efficiency to W-CDMA”
(literature p/n 5989-2365EN)
Agilent Application Note “HSDPA RF Measurements for User
Equipment” (literature p/n 5989-4099EN)
Agilent Application Note “HSDPA in the Agilent Technologies 8960
Wireless Communications Test Set” (literature p/n 5989-3444EN)

November 9th, 2005
65

HSDPArev (1) (1) 8

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HSDPArev (1) (1) 8

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Concepts of HSDPA

This paper is also available as an Agilent Application Note: “Concepts of High

Sub-frame of Length 2 ms (3 slots, 3 x 666.67us)

Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 5

The HSDPA frame (sub-frame) is 2 ms in length. That is equivalent to 3 of the currently

New Transport Channel (DOWNLINK only):

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 6

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2

The HS-PDSCH is used to carry the HS-DSCH. A HS-PDSCH is assigned one

j 1010 1000 0000 0010

1110 1100 0100 0110

Left (16QAM): 240ksps, 960 kbps

Right (QPSK) : 240ksps, 480 kbps

Ref : 25.213 5.1

The HS-PDSCH is modulated, spread, scrambled, and summed like other W-

Number of Transport Blocks: Max = 1 Bit Scrambling

CRC Length = 24 bits Code block segmentation

Channel Coding = 1/3 Rate Turbo Channel Coding

CRC Addition 3202 24 CRC

1st Rate Matching 7200

Spreading Virtual IR buffer size : 7200 bits/process

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 10

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 12

3×Tslot = 7680 chips

τHS-PDSCH (2×Tslot = 5120 chips)

1 sub frame = 3 slots (=1/5 frame)

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 13

Shared packet channel

Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4

1 Radio frame Tf = 10 ms Ref : 25.211 5.2.1

Slot Channel Bit Channel Symbol SF Bits/ Bits/ Transmitted slots

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 15

The HS-DPCCH carries uplink feedback signaling related to downlink HS-DSCH

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 16

The diagram for uplink spreading and scrambling is shown above.

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 17

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 18

Information about the Q&A (review slide 14 for further information):

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 19

Information about the Q&A (review slide 9 for further information):

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 20

Information about the Q&A (review slide 7 for further information):

£ HARQ ACK/NACK info

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 21

Information about the Q&A (review slide 12 for further information):

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 22

25558 15 16QAM 0.89 12.779 Mbps

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 24

27952 15 16QAM 0.97 13.976 Mbps

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 25

ACK/NACK control : Layer 1

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 26

Hybrid-Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) is a combination of feed forward error

Ref : 25.858 7.1

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 27

Soft Combining Uses Information From Both Original Transmission and

Ref : 25.858 7.1

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 28

“Dow’t trwnsmwt awy mowe dwtw twan ywu havw to”

Concepts of HSDPA– rev.8.1 Agilent Copyright Page 29