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Objective
This experiment is at determining coefficient of heat transferrin a cross flow for a particular heat
exchanger.
Equipment
Heat exchanger is used to transfer thermal energy between two given fluids. When the two fluids
are such that one is located perpendicular to the other so that heat is transfer the heat exchanger
is known as cross flow heat exchanger. For the equipment HT30 the fluid is unmixed so that it
can inhibit fins motion in the Y direction which is transverse to the X flow main direction. As a
1. The software HT30 was started and the LMTD mode selected.
3. The fan was switched on by clicking indicator fan and air velocity (Ua)of 1m/s was
confirmed to be present.
4. Air was added, relative humidity (RH %) value in percentage was inserted.
6. Controller for the flow rate of hot water was turned on and then set to automatic. A set
7. The heat exchanger was allowed to stabilize while using sensor displays of the software
screen to monitor temperature. All date was recorded as per the sheet of instruction.
8. The water flow rate was changed to 2, 3, 4 and 5 liters/min and data was recorded for all
9. All the steps from step number 5 were repeated with a set point of 400 C.
Calculations
.
Qw mw c pw (T1 T2 )
Density of air , a
P
a
,
RTa
T is average of 𝑇3 and 𝑇4 in K
Area, A= l*w
= 0.121*0.126
= 0.015 m2
.
m U * A * a @ Ta
A-The area,
No. Hot water Hot in Hot out Cold in Cold out Air flow Air
water W W W/m2K
flow
rate
Fw,
L/min
No. Hot water Hot in Hot out Cold in Cold out Air flow Air
water W W W/m2K
flow
rate
Fw,
L/min
experiment it was found that the maximum ratio of Qa to Qw was 0.98. This value was
close to the theoretical value 1. The exact value of 1 could hardly be achieved probably
due to errors. The errors could be due to sensitivity of the measuring equipment’s like A
HT35 cross flow heat exchanger. Also these errors could be due human error for example
due to parallax when reading measurements. The resultant sum of these errors could have
Graph of U against Fw
1500
1000
U
500
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fw
graph of U against Fw
25000
20000
15000
U
10000
5000
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
flow rate
From the above graph it can be seen that the heat transfer coefficient increases with flow rate.
This is because from Newton’s law of cooling the heat rate is directly proportional to the heat
transfer coefficient. Therefore changing the flow rate will change the heat rejected and thus the
3. The factors affecting heat transfer coefficient during the early stages of design are
diameters of tube, baffle size and baffle space, material selection, physical properties of
the fluid used, flow are of the fluid and temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the pipes.
4. Water temperature can increase the heat transfer rate. As the temperature increases the
heat transferred will increase. Also the amount of heat rejected increases as the
temperature increases. On the other hand, when the temperature increases, the mass flow
rate decreases. In addition increasing the temperature decreases the heat transfer
coeffient.
Figure 4: specific heat capacity of water
References
1. Theodore L.Bergman et al, fundamentals of heat and mass transfer seventh edition.