CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1
INTRODUCTION

An organization is an entity where two or more persons work together to achieve a

goal or a common purpose. If there is an organization, then there must be some people
who work as a whole for a common purpose, so there must be defined purpose. If an
organization does not have any purpose, it will not survive in the long run. To achieve the
purpose using people, the processes are needed.

The organization study was conducted at RUBCO Rubberized Coir Mattress

Division, Poothakuzhi, Kottayam. It started its operation in November 2001. The project
realized with an investment of Rs.280 Million. The manufacturing plant is among very
few in the country to employ advanced Austrian Machinery, sourced from DOA, Austria.

In countries like India, rubber is one of the main agricultural and commercial
products. About 90 % of the natural rubber is produced in Kerala. So rubber has become
the backbone of our economy. Due to the bad impact of globalization the overall market
of rubber fall down in Kerala, that time instability in price of rubber was one of the major
problem that farmers facing in the market. The farmers were not getting fair price for their
effort, but this problem has come to an end since 1997, because the Kerala state rubber co-
operative limited came into existence in this year on the purpose of exporting the infinite
possibilities of rubber. It literally means that Kerala state rubber co-operative limited
(RUBCO) has become the backbone of the rubber cultivator. Kerala state rubber co-
operative Ltd, popularly known as RUBCO, is a Rs 280 cores group with strong presence
in the rubber based industrial segment. RUBCO is incepted with prime objective of
effectively utilizing the abundant rubber resource of Kerala.

In a short span, RUBCO has successfully introduced a wide range of fast moving
rubber based product. Today the RUBCO group has interest in rubber footwear, casual
shoes, cycle tyres and tubes, two and three wheeler tyres, rubberized coir mattress process
and rubber wood furniture, block rubber (ISBR) and pale latex crepe, apart from natural
rubber trading.

2
1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study is about the major functioning of RUBCO rubberized coir

mattress division, Pampady. The study is mainly based on the detailed collected
from each department. Each and every activities of the company is studied very
carefully with the data available. The study is very beneficial to the future managers
as they are put into the real life situation. A study on the entire departments can help
to improve the process and there by an overall improvement in the company’s
performance can be made.

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

An organization may be considered as a productive and planned system of

individual, deliberated designed and coordinated for achieving common goals
effectively. Every organization is a purposeful system it is created and made
functional for seeking the purpose. The formation of an organization obviously
implies some

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The organization study was done on behalf of the fulfilment of B.COM

degree. The organization study was conducted for the following purposes:
 To have an understanding of the profile of Rubco Mattress Division and its
various activities.
 To acquire knowledge regarding the functional as well as the managerial
aspects of the company.
 To get familiarize with various activities of the company.
 To get the feel of the actual working environment and to get acquainted with
it.
 To learn about the organization and maintain a good relationship with it.
 To get a practical knowledge about the working of an organization.

3
1.4 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

 PRIMARY DATA
Data is collected by formal and informal interview and discussions with
managers and officials at various levels and personal visit to plant.
 SECONDARY DATA
Data is collected from published and unpublished sources, official
records, organizational manuals and department manuals.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

16th April 2015 to 2nd May 2015

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The major limitations are:-

 TIME LIMIT
To understand an organization and its working the period of 30 days is
not at all enough. So time was the most important limiting factor in the study.
 LACK OF DATA
Some of the data are treated as confidential and hence the researcher
could not get the details of the same.
 LACK OF COMPARATIVE DATA
The detailed data of other companies related to the same business was not
available to take comparative study.

4
 CHAPTER –2
THEORETICAL OVERVIEW

5
2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Rubberized coir mattress segment is a high competitive. This segment is having

more than 50% of the market share in the mattress industry has more than 45 odd brands
and over 200 different models. The major players in the industry are Kurl-on, Duroflex,
Rubco and sunidra.

The birth of rubberized coir industry is quite amusing interesting. Prior to the
year 1960 people hardly had any idea of this novel and high utility product. In those days
the world famous car manufactures/s V

olks Wagon of Germany, were using horse hair as cushion famous material for
their car seats. As their production increased from 100 cars per day to 300, there was
dearth of this raw material. This necessitated a suitable alternatives tried like sail fibre,
jute fibre, the coir fibre was decidedly found to be the best. This was the beginning of
rubberized coir industry. The Indian rubberized coir industry is nearly four decades old. It
was in 1964 that m/s Bharath Motors of Chennai established its manufacturing unit. Many
other units came up during sixties itself.

After nearly one decades of its introduction, government of India recognized

Rubberized coir mattress as a healthy and hygienic product. Slowly many state
government recognized rubberized coir as wealth from waste and advocated the use of
rubberized coir mattress in various hospitals, health clinic etc. through issue of
government circulars.

2.1.1 OTHER TYPES OF MATTRESS

 Cotton mattress
 Form mattress
 Spring mattress
 Air mattresses
 Viscoelectic mattresses
 Rubberized coir mattress

 COTTON MATTRESS

6
 The cotton mattress mainly targets lower income group. This mattress is
priced very low. The cotton mattress industry has a market share of 50%.

 FORM MATTRESS
Form mattress segment comes at next place after rubberized coir
mattress industry. This industry is having a market share of 9 to 10 %.

 SPRING MATTRESS
The industry targets consumers belonging to the upper income group.
The major players in spring industry are spring industry are spring well, Sealy
Kurl-on, etc.

 AIR MATTRESSES
Air mattresses are designed to relieve discomfort due to back pain or
joint pain. If you are having back sore or aching joints an air mattress may
accommodate to your needs perfectly.

 VISCO ELASTIC MATRESSES

It is a material that was first designed by and developed for NASA. The
foam was used to relieve pressure on astronauts when experiencing G-force
upon exiting the earth’s atmosphere.

 RUBBERIZED COIR MATTRESS

This segment is highly competitive. This segment is having more than

50% of the market share in the mattress industry. This industry has more than
45 odd brands and 200 different models. The major players in the industry are
Kurl on, Duroflex, Sulfex, Rubco and Sunidra.

2.1.2 WORLD SCENARIO

There are mainly three major players in the mattress industry and are as follows

7
  SEALY CORPORATION

Sealy Corporation is the major mattress manufacture and it got the name
form the place it started, Sealy, Texas.

 KING KOIL

Founded in n1988, King Koil has over a century of experience crafting

high quality, affordable bedding both in united state and throughout the world.

 SIMONS BEDDING COMPANY

Simmons bedding company is a major manufacture of mattress and is

one of the oldest companies in the United States, for over 125 years.

2.1.3 INDIAN SCENARIO

The rubberized coir mattress market of India is estimated to be highly

fragmented with little brand loyalty. The major players in the rubberized coir
mattress industry in India are:

 KURL-ON LIMITED

Kurl on limited, a Manipal group company came into existence in 1962.

Kurl on limited is the brand leader in the mattress industry and has acquired
major market share in the branded mattress segment.

 DUROFLEX

Duroflex is the largest exporter of sleep and comfort products from

India, started its operation in 1963. Now the company has go three
manufacturing units for rubberized coir mattress.

 CENTURY MATTRESS

Century fiber plates Pvt Ltd. Started its rubberized coir plat at
Hyderabad in 1988 under the brand name “CENTURY”. Centaury is the first
mattress manufacturer with ISO 9001-2000 series and ISI certification.

8
2.1.4 STATE SCENARIO

In India, the coir industry has developed very well especially in Kerala where
they produce. Retted Fiber. Green husks of coconut arte immersed in the salty backwaters
for 10 to 12 months.

The main player’s are-:

 DUROFLEX

Duroflex is the leading mattress manufacture in India which started its

operation in 1963. Duroflex is the largest exporters of sleep and comfort
products from India.

 EASTERN SUNIDRA

Eastern Mattress Pvt Ltd. Is a part of Kerala renowned business

conglomerate the Eastern Group of Companies

 RUBCO

Kerala state rubber Co-operative Limited was set up in the year 1997,
RUBCO was incepted with prime objective of effectively utilizing the
abundant rubber resource of Kerala.

The Indian coir industry has a diversified structure, reflective of the

broad range of raw material and value- added products involved. The industry
provides at least part-time employment to an estimated 40,000 persons. At the
beginning of the value chain are approximately 300fiber millers with usually
less than 10 employees and an estimated 500 suppliers of coir pith, or dust.

Their output is either purchase for direct export or undergoes

manufacturing for twine, mats and brushes, rubberized coir and erosion control
blankets are predominantly produced in larger facilities, employing more, and
the demand of the product is in growth stage. So only the quality mattress
industry can survive in the competitive world.

9
2.2 COMPANY PROFILE

2.2.1 RUBCO GROUP

Kerala state rubber co-operative ltd (RUBCO) was set up on June 9, 1997 with the
main objective of effectively utilizing the absolutely available rubber resource of Kerala.
In a short life, span this co-operative sector enterprise based at Kannur has created history
in the whole co-operative movement of the state, by redefining the roles, the sector
comply in bringing welfare to the people and the pace for the co-operative movement in
Kerala.

Since its inception, RUBCO has travelled long. Today from a single unit
company started with a modest Rs.2.5 million investment made out by local co-operative
societies. RUBCO has grown into Rs.7500 million conglomerates with well diversified
operations and a market presents extending beyond the boundaries of Kerala.

Foraying into the country’s rubber sense as a procuring agency of Kerala

government RUBCO as aggressively diversified into a multi production, multi-location
enterprise with a group turnover of Rs. Million.

Today it enjoys 4th position in the production of natural rubber and the small
states of Kerala contributes 92% of it. Rubber has become the backbone of our economy.
Due to the impact of globalization the overall market of rubber fell in Kerala and the
stability in of rubber was one of the major problems that the rubber farmers faced.

The farmers were not getting fair price for their efforts but this problem came to
an end since 1997, because the Kerala State Rubber Co-operative Limited (RUBCO) come
into existence and there started. A series of possibilities for the utilization of rubber in
multi- furious spheres and fields. Since its inception in 1997, RUBCO has travelled a long
way. It has entered into various rubber based industries like Hawaii Chappell with reputed
Malaysian technology, cycle Tyres and tubes, rubberized coir mattress conventional and
procured tread rubber, block rubber (SMX) pale latex crepe (plc) casual shoes etc. For last
decade with a vision to become a global leader in the production of natural rubber and
innovative product development, RUBCO has adopted the best and the latest process in
the production. In their slogan itself they had mention that

10
“RUBCO means RUBBER and RUBBER means RUBCO”

Today from a single unit company RUBCO has grown into a 280 crore
conglomerate with well diversified operations. Under RUBCO group there are wide
ranges of business such as:

 Foot wear
 Furniture
 Cycle tyre and tube.
 Rubber coir mattress
 Natural Rubber
 Virgin Coconut oil
 Panel board (treated rubber wood)
 Interior furnishing
 Lush Ayurvedic Product
 Casual shoes
 Tread Rubber
 Crumb Rubber

RUBCO is the largest exporter of natural rubber in the country today. Even in the
domestic market, RUBCO is a major supplier of natural rubber base company in India.
Lead by the professional management team and support by the committee workforce.
RUBCO is now poised to enter and high growth phase with several initiatives on the path
of great expansion and diversification.

2.2.2 HISTORY

Kerala state rubber co-operative ltd (RUBCO) was set up on June 9, 1997 is an
ambitious project realized with an investment of 260 million. The manufacturing plants
among the very few in the country to employee Austria machinery, sourced from DOA-
Austria is a technology leader in rubberized mattress. The manufacturing plants is among
very few in the country employee advanced Australian machinery sourced from Austria.

RUBCO rubberized coir mattress is scientifically designed to provide proper back

support without compromising on comfort. By the virtue of their ingenious design and
contribution and the unique 3-D technology. RUBCO mattress is firm without being hard

11
and extremely durable. As they do not say, there are very comfortable and ensure a healthy
and rest full sleep.

Rubberized coir mattress are crafted from the four finest materials and finished to
perfection, one of India’s most modern computer controlled machines imported from UK
and USA, strict quality control is observed at every stage of production to ensure that
RUBCO rubberized coir mattress always measure to the highest quality.

A unique feature of the main sheeting plant is that facilitates vertical fibber
orientation, a process that results in a deeper penetration of latex into the sheet, making it
very elastic. This provides the mattress with uniform density throughout and an extra
cushioning effect. The plant has an annual installed capacity of 4.8 million units,
consisting of mattress and other rubberized coir process

CAPTION: “SOUND TECHNOLOGY FOR SOUND SLEEPS”

PASSION IN MOTION

QUALITY

Not only in product but also in every activity.

TECHNOLOGY

To incorporate new technology in all walks of life.

VISION AND MISSION

VISION

To ensure a steady market with remunerative prices to rubber growers and

the welfare of rubber growers particularly of small and marginal segment. To
become a global leader in the growers of the natural rubber.

MISSION

To promote, establish, maintain and manage the business related to

manufacture and sales of tyres, both radial and bias for heavy vehicle, LCV,
passenger car and other four wheelers.

12
2.2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY

 SOCIAL OBJECTIVE
 COMMERCIAL OBJECTIVES

SOCIAL OBJECTIVES

 To ensure a steady market with remunerative price to rubber growers for

their natural rubber.
 Welfare of rubber growers particularly of small and marginal segment.

COMMERCIAL OBJECTIVE

 To promote, establish and manage the business related to manufacture

and sales of tyres, both radial and bias for heavy vehicle, LCV,
passenger cars and four wheelers.
 Tyres for three wheelers and two wheelers.
 Purchase and sale of rubber in any form such as latex, sheets and crumbs
and laces.
 Manufacturing of rubber and wood based products.

2.2.4 RUBCO RUBBERIZED COIR MATTRESS FACTORY

• Process Know-how of M/s DOA of Austria

• Capacity – 6000 tons of Rubberized Coir Blocks

• Employment – 200 persons

• Location: Pampady, Near Kottayam, Kerala, India

Rubco's rubberized coir mattress division, at Poothakuzhy near Pampady,

Kottayam which started its operation in 2001, is an ambitious project realized with an
investment of 260 million. The manufacturing plants among the very few in the country to
employ advanced Austrian machinery, sourced from DOA-Austria a technology leader in
rubberized mattress.

13
 Rubco's Rubberized coir mattress division is an ambitious project realized with
an investment of Rs.280 Million. The manufacturing plant is among very few in the
country to employ advanced Austrian Machinery, sourced from DOA, Austria. Rubco
rubberized coir mattresses are scientifically designed to provide proper back support
without compromising on comfort. By virtue of their ingenious design construction and
the unique 3-D technology, Rubco mattresses are firm without being hard and extremely
durable. As they do not sag, they are very comfortable and ensure a healthy and restful
sleep. Rubco rubberized coir mattresses are crafted from the finest materials and finished
to perfection in one of India's most modem manufacturing plants.

The furnishing section is equipped with most modern computer controlled

machines imported from U.K. and U.S.A. Strict quality control is observed at every stage
of production to ensure that Rubco rubberized coir mattress always measure to the highest
quality. A unique feature of the main sheeting plant is that it facilitates Vertical fiber
Orientation, a Proceed that result in a deeper penetration of latex in to the sheet, making it
very elastic .This provides the mattress with uniform density throughout and an extra
cushioning effect. The plant has an annual installed capacity of 4.8 million units,
consisting of mattress and other robberies coir products.

2.2.5 THE UNIQUE VFO ADVANTAGE

Rubco rubberized coir mattresses are manufactured

using the machinery as well as the technology from DOA
sheet forming machine has the unique advantage of
producing uniform density vertical oriented fiber sheets.
Vertical Fiber Orientation (VFO) ensures extra cushioning
effect and high durability in the mattresses. Further,
considerable sheet thickness and densities varying; from 80 kg. /cu.m to 250 kg,
/cu.m can be obtained.

2.2.6 COMFORT AND SUPPORT PERFECTLY BALANCED

Rubco Rubberized Coir Mattresses are

scientifically designed to provide proper back support

14
 without compromising on comfort. By virtue of their ingenious design and construction
and the unique 3-D technology.Rubcomattresses are firm without being hard and
extremely durable. As they do not sag, they are very comfortable and ensure a healthy and
restful sleep. Rubco rubberized Coir Mattresses are crafted form the finest materials and
finished to perfection in one of India’s most modern manufacturing plants.

2.2.7 MANUFACTURED TO GLOBAL STANDARDS

Rubco’s mattress production facility is among

the very few in the country to employ state-if-the-art
Austrian machinery. The machinery as well as the
technology is sourced from DOA of Austria. The plant
has an annual installed capacity of 4.8 million units,
comprising of mattresses, pillows, cushions and other
rubberized coir products. The furnishing section is
equipped with the most modern computer controlled machines imported from U.K. and
U.S.A

2.2.8 MILESTONES OF RUBCO

9th June 1997 Registered RUBCO, Commercial operation in October in the same year

15th Oct 1997 Commenced procurement of natural Rubber, directly from farmers

28th May 1998 Foundation stone laid for Footwear Manufacturing factory and tread Rubber
Manufacturing Unit at Koothuparambu, kannur, Kerala

June-Dec 1988 Started Natural rubber export

July 1998 RUBCO takes over the reins of Sreekandapuram Latex Pvt Ltd.

11 February1999 Entered in an agreement on technological collaboration for the manufacture

of ultra light weight footwear with Hi-tech Setters, Malaysia.

15
2nd March 1999 Foundation stone laid for PLC factory in Sreekandapuram

Inauguration of commercial production Footwear Manufacturing unit.

26th May 1999
Floated RUBCO sales international Pvt. Ltd top professionally market the
15th June 1999
products of RUBCO
Signed a significant technical collaboration agreement with Long
23rd June 1999
HuatBerhad Malaysia for the processing of Rubber Wood and furniture out
of that
RUBCO footwear hit the market
13th Aug 1999

Foundation stone laid for Rubber Processing and furniture manufacturing

30th Oct 1999
unit, Rubberized coir mattress factory at Pampady, Kottayam

9th Dec 1999 Entered into an agreement with M/S Tong tieck (pvt) Ltd of Singapore to
exp 150 metric tons of rubber first time from India.

8thMarch 2000 Entered into a technical collaboration with panaswrna management and
consulting service, Malaysia for manufacture of casual shoes.

6th May 2000 Foundation stone laid for casual shoe project

1st June 2001 Rubco Haut Woods Pvt. Ltd started commercial production.

16th June 2001 Inauguration of Rubberized Coir Mattress Factory

20thApril 2002 Started activities of coconut complex for the production of virgin coconut oil
and ancillary products.

6th Dec 2002 Started RubcoRufaas scheme.(Collection of Natural Rubber From farmers)

16
23rd Jan2003 Signed MOU with KokonutpacifiePty.Ltd. of Austria for the production of
Virgin Coconut Oil.

2003 Signed MOU with Trpura Forest Development and Plantation Corporation
Ltd. For setting up a unit for rubber wood processing and manufacturing of
furniture.

2005 New Furniture Range” Home Series” introduced.

2006 Started interior design Division and become one of the largest organization
for interior solution for Govt. Department

2006 Virgin Coconut Oil under the brand name “Nutri-ko” Launched

2008 Inauguration of Rubco Corporate Office at South Bazar, Kannur, Kerala.

2008 Corporation sponsored scheme from NCDC to the tune of55.76 Crores.

2009 RUBCO AyurvedicProducts.”LUSH” Launched in the market

2009 Commercial of Tread Rubber and Compound Mixing Plant.

2009 Commercial Production Started.

2013 Launching of spring mattress, named SPRING NOVA

Launching of coconut oil; named natural coconut oil

2014 Inauguration of RUBCO spring mattress and RUBCO natural coconut oil.

2.2.9 ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

The administration and Management of the RUBCO vests in the board of

directors consisting of fifteen members as follows:

 Nine directors elected by ‘A’ class shareholders from among themselves.

 Two directors elected by ‘B’ class share holders from among themselves

17
  Four Ex-officio directors viz.
 Registrar of Co-operative societies, Kerala.
 Chairman of the Indian Rubber Board.
 President, Kerala State Co-operative Bank Ltd.
 Managing director RUBCO.

 CHAIRMAN
Sri. V N VASAVAN

He is veteran co-operator and is holding various positions as chairman in

central and state level co-operative organization.

 MANAGING DIRECTOR
MR. P V HARIDASAN
 GENERAL MANAGER
MR. A MOHANAKRISHNAN
 ADMINISTRATIVE CUM PERSONNEL OFFICER
MR. AJITH KUMAR P C
 PRODUCTION MANAGER
MR. P K VINOD

DIRECTORS OF RUBCO GROUP

 Sri. Anoopdaviskada
 Sri. Bhaskara M
 Sri. Najeebmohammed H
 Sri. Gopalakrishnan K C
 Sri. M. Chandran
 Sri. K. Manoharan
 Smt. Kanjanavally P V
 Smt. Sasikala P V
 Smt. Seetha K R
 Sri. Vijayadas K V
 The chairman rubber board, Kottayam

18
  The Registrar of Co-operative Societies, TVM.
 The president, Kerala State Co-operative Bank, TVM.

2.2.10 STRENGTH OF WORKERS

Highly skilled workers 29

Skilled workers 24

Semi-skilled workers 43

Unskilled 113

Casual workers 41

Total 250

2.2.11 PRESENT STATUS OF THE ORGANISATION

RUBCO is a well diversified industrial conglomerate with a strong presence in

the rubber based industrial segment. RUBCO was formed with the prime objective of
utilizing largely available rubber resource of Kerala. In a short span of time RUBCO has
successfully introduced a wide range of fast moving rubber based products. Today rubber
group has factories of rubber foot wear, cycle tyres and tubes, rubberized rubber coir
mattress and rubber coir mattress.

2.2.12 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY

The main future plans of RUBCO group are:

 RUBCO TYRES INDIA (PVT) LIMITED:

19
 RUBCO in the process of setting up a project for the manufacture of tyres
and tubes for two/three wheelers, passengers, cars, heavy duty trucks, and
light commercial vehicle. The ground work in underway and the division
will be launched in the near future. It will have production capacity of 6
million tyres and tubes annually.

LOCATION:

The project will be located in the proposed industrial growth centre being
developed at Valiuavelicham, about 35 km from Kannur city.

CAPACITY AND PRODUCT MIX:

The plant will have a 2.3 million nos. of radial and baistyres per annum
which 75 million would be utilized for the truck drivers, 1.5 million for
light passenger’s tyres and balance would be for two or three wheelers.

 RUBCO CASUAL SHOE PROJECT :

Investment : 96 million,

Employment : 600 persons,

Location : Thalassery, Kannur Dt, Kerala

Capacity : 1.5 million pair per annum.

2.2.13 COMPETITORS

The mattress industry is a highly competitive industry. RUBCO is facing

from competition different companies. The main competitors are:

 KURL-ON
It came into existence on 1962. It otherwise called Karnataka consumes
product limited. Kurl-on produce rubberized coir mattress.

20
  DUROFLEX
Duroflex is Kerala based company and its factoring located at
Alappuzha. They produce mattress and rubberized coir mattress.
 SUNIDRA
Sunidra otherwise called eastern mattress pvt ltd. Its manufacturing unit
located at Thodupuzha. Sunidra also produces rubberized coir mattress.

 COIR-ON
Coir is division of M/S Harish coconut product Pvt Ltd. Started in 1979
at Pollachi, Coimbatore.

 RESTOFLEX
Restoflex manufacturing facility located at Karnataka. It produces
rubberized coir mattress.

2.2.14 PROMOTERS

Govt. of Kerala along with Indian rubber board and same district and primary co-
operative bank in Kerala are the promoters of RUBCO. The govt. of Kerala holds the
majority of shares.

The top ten shareholders:-

 Government of Kerala
 Rubber Board
 Kottayam District Co-operative Bank
 Ernakulam District Co-operative Bank
 Calicut District co-operative Bank
 Kannur District co-operative Bank
 Thiruvananthapuram District co-operative Bank
 Kollam district co-operative bank
 Palakkad District co-operative bank
 Thrissur District co-operative bank.

21
2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE

RUBCO rubberized coir mattresses are scientifically designed to provide to

support without compromising on comfort. RUBCO rubberized coir mattress are available
in nine varieties, such catering to specific user Samuel.
The range comprises of everything from regular mattress special orthopaedic
models and high and luxury varieties. They come in varying sizes and thicknesses,
depending on the specific use are meant for the VFO technology is a feature common to
all models.

2.3.1 MATTRESS

HEAVEN MATTRESS

Its premium model that provided unmatched sleeping comfort. It is

available in customized dimension and thickness in 4 inch and density of 75
kg/m3.

HEAVEN PLUS MATTRESS

A luxury model. It is available in 6 inch thickness. Rebounded sheet is

pasted on the base block. The layer of quitting is providing. It has 2nos. of 2 inch 90
density.

22
HI-TECH MATTRESS

It is high and end model. It has every good finish and luxurious. It is available in
6 inch and density of 60 kg/m3.

2.3.2 HIGH-TECH PILLOW UP MATTRESS

It is a superior quantity mattress, matching the world standards. It is available in 7

inch and 2 nos. of 2 inch/rubberized coir bonded together.

RENOVA

It is a premium model mattress having 6 and 3.5 inch thickness and of 90kg/m3.

DOSTH MATTRESS

It has an economy model that is offers true value for money, its available 3 and 4
inch thickness and density of 75kg/m3

23
SAFAL MATTRESS

It has regular that combines comfort on durability. The layer of quitting is

provided. It is available in 3 inch and 4 inch thickness and density of 75kg/m3.

YATHRI MATTRESS

An elegant mattress meant for hotels, tourist’s resorts etc. yathri combines
superior sleeping comfort with perfect beak support, enabling a relaxed, healthy sleep. It is
available in 5 and 3.5 inch and density of 90kg/m3.

HEAL MATTRESS

It has a quality product suitable for use in hospitals. It’s available in 2, 3 and 4
inch thickness and density of 75 kg/m3.

RELIEF MATTRESS

A specific mattress scientifically designed for orthopaedic patients. It’s available

in 4 inch thickness and density of 35 kg/m3.

TRAVELER

It is a perfect travel companion. It is foldable. It is available in 51 mm thickness

and density of 60kg/m3.

DREAM 50:50

Newly introduced economy model available in three inch and 4 inch thickness.

HEAVEN PLUS ULTRA

Knited fabric, Gorvaluated form-1.5 inch, Re bonded form-2 inch, Bare block-2
inch, P v form-2 inch.

SLEEP ON (ECONOMY MODEL)

P v form 10 mm, Bare bench-1.5inch, P v form 10 mm

24
TWIN LIT -5 INCH

HIGH-TECH NATURAL-8 INCH

SPRING NOVA

Nova gold, Nova silver, Nova diamond, Nova platinum

2.3.3 SOFT TOUCH PILLOW

HIGHLIGHTS

 Siliconised sanitized fiber.

 Non allergic and refluffable
 Luxury softness and washable.

2.3.4 STRUCTURE OF SALES NETWORK

RUBCO

MANUFACTURER

DISTRIBUTOR

s RETAILER

CUSTOMER

25
 CHAPTER –3
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

26
ORGANIZATON STRUCTURE OF RUBCO RCM Ltd

Organization structure is the structure of the relationship among positions

and the jobs created for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives of the
enterprise. It represents the pattern of the relationships among the components of an
organisation. They are

 The form of structure

 The function to be performed

 The human aspect

This pattern of relationship governs duties and activities of persons ho are dependent
upon each other for accomplishing the objectives of the enterprises. An organization
structure should be designed to clarify who is to do what tasks and who is responsible
for what results, to remove obstacles to performance caused by confusion and
uncertainty of assignment, and to furnish decision making and communications
network reflecting and supporting enterprise objectives.

The company’s organizational structure is diagrammatically represented by

an organization chart the diagram representative of the hierarchy of an
organization’s personnel. The organization charts shows the line of responsibility
between the various departments of the company.

27
 ORGANIZATION CHART RUBCO RCM DIVISION

Managing Director

Audit General Manager

Accounts A.P.O Productio Plant Quality Technical & Purchas Store

Officer Administrative n manager Engineer In Charge, Product e Officer Keeper
Cum Personal
Officer (Electrical) Development

Accountant Steno
Mechanical Electrical QS QS QS QS
JR. Clerk JR. Clerk Receptionist Maintenance Maintenance
Supervisor Supervisor
Production
Electrician
Assistant Assistan Planning
t
Workshop
Dispatch S.S.O Technicians Electrician
Electrician
SIC SIC SIC SIC

Electrician
Assistant
Supervisors 7 Nos FigureNo.2
(Leave reserve) (Leave reserve)
28
 CHAPTER –4
FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS OF
THE ORGANISATION

29
DEPARTMENT PROFILE
The organization process of determining how activities are to be grouped is called
departments. Departmentalization is a method of activities to facilitate the accomplishment of
organization objectives. The department show the horizontal differentiates in an organization.

4.1.1 MAIN DEPARTMENTS

1. ADMINISTRATION CUM PERSONAL DEPARTMENT

2. FINANCE AND ACCOUNT DEPARTMENT

a. STORE DEPARTMENT
b. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

3. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
a. PRODUCTION (MAIN PLANT)
b. PRODUCTION (FURNISHING)
c. PRODUCTION DEVELOPPMENT
d. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROLLING

4. LAB AND QUALITY DEPARTMENT

5. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

6. MARKETING DEPARTMENT

4.2.1 ADMINISTRATION CUM PERSONAL DEPARTMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM)

HRM is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, compensating employees and

attending to their labour relations, health and safety and fairness concern. In other words HRM
is the people concerned dimension in management. Since every organization is made up of

30
 People, acquiring their services, developing skills, motivating them to the higher level
performance and ensuring that they continue to maintain commitment to the organization are
essential to achieve organizational objectives. This is true regardless of the type of the
organization, government, business, education, health, recreation and social action.

4.2.2 STRUCTURE OF HR DEPARTMENT

ADMINISTRATION CUM PERSONAL DEPARTMENT(APO)

APO

STENOGRAPHER JUNIOR CLERK

TIME OFFICER SECURITY WING RECEPTION

Figure No. 3

4.2.3 THE MAIN FUNCTIONS ARE

 Conducting job analysis

 Planning labour needs and recruiting candidates
 Selecting job candidates
 Conducting orientation and training programme for new employees
 Managing wages and salaries
 Providing incentives and benefits
 Appraising the performance
 Communication with employee (interviewing, counselling, discipline etc)
 Training and developing managers
 Building employee commitment

31
 Human resource is the greatest of all resources. RCM division has the total strength of
employees and staff of Rubco RCM factory is 218, out of which permanent alone will come up to
147. It is a high to manage this large resource. For that efficient functioning of administrative cum

Personnel department needs special mention. The department comes under administrative cum
personnel officer.

4.2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF HR MANAGER

 The HR manager is responsible for manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training,

compensation package, performance appraisal and harmonious industrial relation in
RUBCO RCM.
 HR manager formulate HRD policies and interpretation of different labour laws.

The Functions of Administrative cum personnel department can be divided in two heads:
 ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION

 PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION

 Laisoning with government and local bodies.

 Correspondence with various government and non-government organization. All the
internal and external mail, letter and, memo, registered items handle by this
department.
 Security- A well equipped security forced is provided for safeguarding everything
inside the factory complex.
 Monitoring the daily inward and outward dispatch

PERSONNEL FUNCTION

 MANPOWER PLANNING

The main objective of man power planning in Rubco RCM division

o To ensure optimum use to human resources employed

o To determine further recruitment level

32
 o To forecast further skill recruitments that will serve as a basis for training and
development programmers.

 MAN POWER PLANNING PROCESS

Following are the steps involved in manpower planning at Rubco RCM division

o Analysis if current system

o Forecasting the time of the plan
o Reconciliation of action plans

4.2.5 RECRUITMENT

Recruitment is the process of searching right persons and stimulating them to apply for
job in the organization. Rubco RCM division follows a centralized system of recruitment at

head office level. Only recruitment of causal workers in directly done by RCM division in
itself.

4.2.6 SELECTION

In Rubco RCM division selection of employees are done at two levels at the workers
level and at managerial level. The workmen are divided into 3 levels based on their skills. They
are:

 Skilled workers
 Semi skilled workers
 Un skilled workers

4.2.7 INDUCTION

The main function process at Rubco RCM is to make the worker understand the
relevance of his or her in the overall organization set up, apart from the general orientation
program concerning all aspects of the company operation given by personal department
specific induction programme are also conducted depending upon necessity.

33
4.2.8 EMPLOYEE REMUNERATION AND COMPENSATION

At Rubco RCM the employee are remunerated well considering its year of inception
was just 3 years back. The average wage of permanent workers is more than 150 per day
allowance. The wage is given on a monthly basis. The employee compensation for accidents
happening in the factory as also handled by personnel department.

4.2.9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training is a learning activity, which is directed towards the acquisition of specific

knowledge and skill for the purpose of an occupation or task. Development is considered as any
learning activity, which is concerned more with career growth than immediate performance.
The training officers of concerned programs include both internal as well as external training
personnel.

External agencies include personnel from worker educational centre as well as from
professional training agencies. Internal training includes both in-house training and on-the job
training .The development programmes for top manager are done by head office which is
mostly external.

4.2.10 EVALUATION OF TRAINING PROGRAMME

Evaluation is done to determine whether or not the objectives and content of the
training courses are consistent with the aim and current needs of the company and whether
these objectives being reached in the most effective and economical manner. Evaluation of
training is conducted through internal assessment; evaluation is based on measuring the
performance of employees before and after the training periods.

4.2.11 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

Performance appraisal is a systematic and objective way of judging the relative worth
or ability of an employee in performing his job. The performance appraisal in RCM division of
Rubco is normally conducted for:

 Identifying employees for further increment in salary or position

 Determining training needs for further improvement in performance
 Motivating employees by indicating their performance levels

34
4.2.12 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DATA CARD

RUBCO RUBBERISED COIR MATRESS DIVISION KOTTAYAM

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DATA CARD

EMPLOYEES NAME: DEPARTMENT:

Item No. Description Ass Ass Ass Ass Ass Ass Total
1 2 3 4 5 6

1 ATTENDANCE

2 ATTITUDE

3 PUNCTUALLY

4 WORKAWARENESS

5 CO-OPERATION

6 HOUSE KEEPING

7 INITIATIVE

8 MARK OBTAINED

Total mark

Grade

RATERS NAME: DATE:

REMARKS:

VERIFIED BY APPROVED BY

H R MANAGER GENERAL MANAGER

Table No. 3

35
4.2.13 WELFARE OF EMPLOYEES

 All employees in the organization are covered under the employee’s state insurance scheme
 Festival advances are given to the employees on the occasion of notified festivals.
 Annual bonus/incentives are paid to the employees as per the company rule
 Drinking water
 Latrines and urinals
 Canteen
 Transportation

4.2.14 HEALTH AND SAFETY

Company is very much aware of the safety needs of the worker. Rubco RCM division
has a very good safety policy in which it was envisaged to make it an accidents and the worker
working over there are given extra training and proper caution boards displayed at accident
prone areas. First aid facilities are provided in the factory for all employees. Health is wealth
for employees as well as for managers. Rubco RCM division has done enough measures to
ensure mental as well as physical health of employees. Precautions are taken to avoid dust in
factory complex.

4.2.15 INDUSTRIAL RELATION

Administrative cum personnel department looks after the key area of union and
management relationship. The department has set in place on effective system to speedy sort
out any difference and disputes. The department gives updated reports on the lab or situation to
the head office time to time.

4.2.16 EMPLOYEE RETENTION

Most of the employees are young who are gaining experience at Rubco. So after going
enough experience they may opt for other companies. So in order to retain them and build
loyalty towards the organization. Administrative cum personnel department has drawn clear
cut plan and are working towards the plan by implementing it on a step by step basis.

 ABSENTEEISM
Absenteeism rate in Rubco RCM is normal only. More than 940 attendances are
maintained. Management has initiated many steps as the absenteeism is coming down.

36
  GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL
A very good grievance redressal system is in place in the factory. An employee’s
has full freedom to take up any grievance with his immediate supervisor, who tries to
solve it to the extent possible
 WORK COMMITTEE
The factory has 9 member work committee constituted under the provision of
industrial disputes act 19947. It is working smoothly. Workers welfare as well as health
measures are generally revised in work committee.
 TRADE UNION
The trade union in Rubco RCM division is Rubco employees union. In the factory
there exists a good and healthy relationship between management and trade union. The
union is lead by C.I.T.U.

4.3 FINANCE AND ACCOUNT DEPARTMENT

4.3.1 FINANCE MANAGEMENT

Finance management also referred to as corporate finance managerial finance emerged

as a district field of study at the 20th century. Finance theory in general rest on the premise that
the goal of department should be maximize the wealth of share holders.

4.3.2 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

Finance refers to the application of skill or care in the manipulation in the use and
control of money. The finance in the modern business world is the life blood of the business

economy. We can’t image a business without finance because it is a central point of business
activities.

4.3.3 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

FINANCEMANAGER

ACCOUNTANT STORE KEEPER PURCHASE

OFFICER

Jr. CLERK Jr. CLERK Jr. CLERK

FIGURE No.4
37
4.3.4 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS

 Passing and settlement of all miscellaneous advances

 Perform all woks connected with insurance coverage of fixed asset
 Keeping personal files of employs relating salary computation annual increment
 Prepare profitability trends reports and wages analysis
 Quarterly and yearly financial report preparation
 Making bank statement
 Preparation, assisting and co-ordination of all workers connected with finalization of
account
 Make internal and external purpose

4.3.5 RESPONSIBILITIES OF FINANCIAL MANAGER

 Financial planning
 Raising of necessary funds
 Controlling the use of funds
 Disposition of funds
 Tax planning
 Book keeping and accounting
 Internal audit
 Profit planning

4.3.6 FUTURE GOALS OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

 To improve the technology by introducing financial information system

 To increase profit
 To reduce and control the cost
 Maximizing share holders wealth
 Planning profit in the area pricing cost, volume of output and firms selection of product
line
 To hire optimum credit maximizing the value of firm

4.3.7 CREDIT CONTROL FUNCTION

A trade credit arises when a company sells its product or services on credit and does
not receive cash immediately. A company grants credit to protect its sales from the
competitions and to attract the potential customers to buy its product at favourable terms.

38
 Credit period allowed is 60 days. It can be extended to 180 days. The collection of credit will be

handled over to factory manager. The company will give creditors on further extension of one
month legal action will be taken against the person or company. If the company has submitted the
cheque or person for the credit due and the cheque has bounced or dishonoured the company can
sue take legal action against the person or company.

4.3.8 PLANNING OF FUNDS

Planning of funds in a creditful estimate made by the manager about the total fund
required. This is the estimation done by observation over the physical activities of the
company.

4.3.9 ALLOCATING OF FUNDS

Providing at the funds to proper place at proper time is also an important task to be
done by financial manager studies the cash requirement of each department and then funds are
distributed.

4.3.10 RECORDING OF TRANSACTION

Each and every transaction that takes place in the company has to be record properly
for the purpose of having better control over funds. All the transaction are recorded in journal
and then posted to the ledgers.

4.3.11 CASH CONTROL

The cost is controlled in raw material and reduction to expenses as there is limitation of
utilization of funds. The company will always have a comparison of budget and actual.

4.3.12 BANKERS OF RUBCO

 District Co-operative Bank

 State Bank of Travancore

4.3.13 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Management information system

It is complete information system that provides flexible and speedy access to accurate
data. A set of computer based system and procedure implemented to help managers in their
crucial job making. The actual process involved effected data, organizing data discrimination
of data and storage of data. It focuses on accessory data and takes the uses into confidence.

39
4.3.14 CAPITAL BUDGEING

Capital budgeting is done at the beginning of the year itself. The requirement of
capital will be specified clearly for the approval during the budgeted year. If any other
requirement of capital is faced then proper justification has to be made. If the requirement is
seen as on important one then approve of the capital is suctioned.

4.3.15 CASH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Cash management system is one of the key areas in any business. Apart from the fact
it is the most liquid current asset can be reduced cash is the common denominator to which all
current assets can be reduced because that other major liquid asset receivable and inventory get
eventually converted into cash.
4.3.16 CREDIT CONTROL FUNCTION
A trade credit arises when a company sells its products or services on credit end does
not receive cash immediately. A company grew to credit to protect its sales from the
competitors and to attract the potential customers to but its products at favourable terms.
Credit period allowed is 60 days o 90 days of can be extended to 180 days. The collection of
credit will be handling over to factory manager. The company will give the creditors on
further extension of one another legal action will be taken against the person or company if
the company has submitted the cheque or promissory for the credit due and the cheque has
bonded or dishoured the company can sue or take legal action against person or company.
Trade creditor’s receivable when the company is extended to collect in the near future.
4.3.17 STOCK IN STORES
Store department is an auxiliary department of financial department. The major
purpose of this department is to receive raw material from suppliers to different department and
here after verify the bill or invoice to ensure of incoming material and confirm the quality and
value its purchase order.

4.3.18 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

Management of inventory means an optimum investment in inventories. It should neither

be too to block the funds unnecessarily. The inventory management includes the following
aspects.
 Size of inventory-maximum level and minimum level.
 Establishment – Timing schedule procedure and lot of size for new orders.
 Ascertaining minimum safety level
 Co-operating sales, production and inventory policies.

40
  Providing proper storage facilities.
 Arranging the receipts and disbursement.

4.3.19 STORE DEPARTMENT

Store department is an auxiliary department. It functions under account officer.

STRUCTURE OF STORE DEPARTMENT

STORE DEPARTMENT

STORE KEEPER

STORE CLERK

SEMI SKILLED LABOUR

FIGURE No.5

4.3.20 FUNCTIONS OF STORE DEPARTMENT

 Receipt of incoming material.

 Efficient and orderly record keeping of all materials in storage
 Stores of material in safe and conventional location
 Issue of material against written authority
 Timely intimation to proper authorities regarding out of stock conditions.
 Prevention of damages, losses and unauthorized uses etc
 Rejected materials management
 Sales return management
 Maintenance of account

41
 Material documents of this department are produced in coordination with the
production department. Monthly check and other periodical checks are done to certify
the actual inventory value in quantities. There is a separate section for rejected
products. Such products are inspected before and after by the quality control
department. Such products are sold out as separate sale items.

4.3.21 CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATERIALS

RAW MATERIALS

 Latex
 Coir
 Chemicals
 Cloths
 Fabrics

GENERAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

 Electrical items
 Mechanical items
 Capital item tool etc

STATIONERY ITEMS AND FURNITURE

 Furniture
 Paper
 Bill book

4.3.22 PURCHASE DEPARTMENTS

This is the department which purchases the required raw materials for the production of
mattress. So this department can be said as the backbone of Rubio. The store keeper verifies
the materials and if it goes beyond the minimum level, h will inform it to the accounts
officer and he will pass on the information to the general manager. The general manager
then does further action to buy the required raw materials. The main function of purchasing
department is to ensure uninterrupted flow of production

42
4.3.23 STRUCTURE OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

PURCHASE OFFICER

JR. CLERK JR. CLERK

FIGURE No. 6

4.3.24 PURCHASE FUNCTIONS

 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
Source identification involves the identification of suppliers from which purchase are
to be made.
 SOURCE SELECTION
Source selection involves selecting the best supplier from different suppliers, which is
based on desired quality, quantity, price, service etc.
 VENDOR RATING
This responsibility lies with Rubco head office. Vendor rating is done on the
basis of product, price of the materials and the reports from the production department in the
case of latex or chemicals.
 RECEIPT OF MATERIAL
Materials are collected by the receipt store and the details will be given to the
section for inspection. Number of items passed, rejected and the reason for rejection if any will
specified. Receipts store will then prepare materials receipt report and then sent it to the
concerned sections i.e., purchase and accounts. The original will be retained by the receipt
store.

43
4.3.25 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

The materials used in Rubco RCM division are broadly classified as:
 RAW MATERIALS:
Latex, coir rubber chemicals, cloths and qualified fabrics, PU forms and threads.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING ITEMS:

Electrical items, Mechanical items, spare parts and capital item tools.

 STATIONARY ITEMS AND FURNITURE:

Office equipments, papers & bill books, cleaning products.

4.3.26 PURCHASE PROCEDURE

 REQUISITION
The power of approving material requisitions is with Rubco headquarters.
 PURCHASE PROPOSAL
After purchase requisition has been approved by the head office, the order is
placed.
 PURCHASE ORDER

After fixing the right supplier, purchase order is prepared and placed with
proposed party. The order rate, quantity, delivery schedule and terms of payment
will be mentioned.

 VENDOR RATING
The responsibility lies with the Rubco head office. Vendor rating is done on the
basis of product, price of the material and reports from the production department
in case of latex or chemicals.
 RECEIPT OF MATERIALS
Materials are collected by the receipt store and the details will be given to the
section for inspection. Number of items passed and reason for rejection if any will
be specified. Receipts store will then prepared materials receipt report to be send
to the concerned section i.e., purchase and accounts. Original copy will be
retained by the receipt store.

44
4.4 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

RUBCO RCM decision has progressively recorded high productivity and

profitability. Production department is equipped with managers and supervisors. It is
the largest functional department in RUBCO RCM division. The whole production
department comes under factory manager.

4.4.1 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

PRODUCTION MANAGER

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCT

FURNISHING DEVELOPMENT
MAIN PLANT

PRODUCTION PLANNING CONTROL

Figure No. 7

4.4.2 RAW MATERIALS USED

The main raw materials used for the production of bare mattress are

 Latex and chemical

 Curled coir

The chemical used with latex are

 Sulphur
 Zinc oxide
 zmbT
 ZDC
 Dispersal F
 China clay
 B-rods
 TDQ

45
4.4.3 FINAL PRODUCT FROM THIS DEPARTMENT

The final product from this department is bare rectangular shaped rubberized
coir block. Rubberized coir is resilient and because of resiliency of the curled fiber. The
purpose of rubber latex is to bond the resilient coir fibers together and impart shape of
the product.

4.4.4 NUMBERS OF WORKERS OF THIS DEPARTMENT

The skilled worker at this department comes to 33. There are 46 semi skilled
and 35 unskilled workers. Casual workers will come to 42. Temporary workers are 12
in number. The production process of Rubco RCM division consists of following
stages:

PRODUCTIONS (MAIN PLANT)

 PROCESSING OF COIR
Coir is one of the major raw material for the rubberized coir mattress, which is
purchased as bundles (140 bundles=1 load). This purchased bundle may contain
moisture in them. To eliminate this moisture content it is kept in coir drier machine
and by using steam from boiler it is heated for three days, where specified
temperature is maintained.

 PROCESSING OF LATEX (COMPOUNDING SECTION)

The raw latex processing consists of two steps:

o CERAMIC BALL MILLING

Ceramic ball milling is a process in which chemical required for the
compounding is grinded with ceramic balls to make it dispersion. There is 3
ceramic ball milling machine of Rubco RCM factory.

o COMPOUNDING
In this stage the above made chemical dispersion is mixed with latex
stirrer machines. Sufficient quantity of stabilizers also added in to the above
mixture at this stage.

46
4.4.5 SHEET FORMING STAGE

The production of rubberized fibre sheets are done by the computer

controlled sheet forming machine. The 7 crores investment machine generally
called DOA is imported from Austria. This section has units under it.

o Untwisted unit
o Distributor and first spraying section
o Drier and second spraying section
o Cutting table

4.4.6 PRESSING STAGE

The sheet formed from DOA machine are pilled up and progressed in a
continuous roller press to get the desired weight. Then these sheets and the hand
sprayed in a spraying booth with compounded latex these progressed parts are kept in a
hydraulic hot press to active the required dimensional stability.

 VULCANIZING STAGE
The pressed pads are then loaded in a trolley and further processed in a
Vulcanize to give the desired resilience to the product.

 TRIMMING
After vulcanizing the bare blocks are cut in machine called band saw to
form rectangular bed like a block of desired length and width.

 FINAL INSPECTION

After final inspection and checking this bare block are given the furnishing
department for further processing.

Here completely dried and tempered rope are fed in to the untwisted unit were
the ropes are opened up to make it coir fibres and curled coir fibres are thrown by a
‘cyclone’ in to a feeding conveyor.

47
 Fifers are opened further with air from compressors and supplied to a sheet
former. The sheet former takes the fibre over and pragmatically produces sheet with
partly vertical finer orientation adjustable width and surface weight.

The sheet is sprayed with compounded latex from the top in the automatic spraying
section called spraying gun. The sheet is then dried in its passage through the tunnel drier.
After drying on its first passage through the tunnel drier.

After drying in its first passage, the sheet is automatically turned over and sprayed
with compounded latex on the other side. After the final drying the sheets are cut to the
required size in automatic cutting machine.

48
4.4.7 STRUCTURE OF THE PRODUCTION PLANT

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

COIR ROPES CENEX AND DESLUDGED LATEX

COMPOUNDING
COIR DRIER
(LATEX, MIXED WITH CHEMICAL)

UNTWISTING
SHEETING PLANT CONVEYER DRIER
MACHINE

PRE-PRESS PILLING AND CUTTING MACHINE

WEIGHING

SURFACE SPRAYING HOT PRESS VULCANIZER

INSPECTION
TRIMMING

SENDING TO FURNISHING DEPARTMENT QUALITY CONTROL

DISPATCH

FIGURE No. 8

49
4.4.8 PRODUCTION (FURNISHING)

Furnishing Department comes under factory manager. At furnishing

department ‘bare’ mattress from production-plant is brought to furnishing department
and it is fabricated with Rexene and clothes and packed and made ready for dispatch.
The major machinery in furnishing department is all imported one. Furnishing
department works as per the daily work order given by planning department. According
to work order only labour is deployed every day.

4.4.9 FUNCTIONS OF FURNISHING DEPARTMENT

 Furnishing at different model of mattress, cushion and pillows as per the set
standards.
 Find inspection of mattress, cushion, pillow and other bedding accessories.
 Labeling, packing and dispatching mattress and cushion.
 Preparation of furnishing material.
 Dispatch of mattress, cushion and pillows as per planning department instructions.
 Reworking of rejected mattress after referring the condition.

4.4.10 FURNISHING PROCESS STEPS

 Adding
 Feeding
 Stitching
 Quality checking and inspection
 Labelling
 Corner cutting

4.4.11 MAJOR MACHINES USED IN FURNISHING DEPARTMENT

 Outline machine
 Border stitching machine
 Tape edge machine
 Corner cutting machine
 Sewing machine
 Fabric cutting machine
 Handle stitching machine
50
 4.4.12 CONSUMABLES REQUIRED FOR FURNISHING DEPARTMENT

 Quilted fabrics
 PU forms
 Clothes
 Threads
 Expanded poly ethylene sheets
 Threads
 Labels
 Polyethylene covers
 Tapes

4.4.13 LABELS FIXED ON THE MATTRESS

 ISI sticker
 Brand name
 MRP sticker
 Quality CHEK sticker

4.4.14 STRUCTURE OF FURNISHING DEPARTMENT

SHIFT IN CHARGE

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION

SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR

HIGHLY SKILLED SEMI

UNSKILLED
SKILLED WORKERS SKILLEDWORKERS
WORKERS
WORKERS

FIGURE No.9

51
4.4.15 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS

The product development carried out is concerned with the identification of

the most economically feasible method for applying the principles through research. It
involves design, redesign, and fabrication of new or modified products and testing it
to find its usefulness. Product development essentially involves developing product to
suit customer’s needs and conditions. The purpose is to ensure that it meets the
requirement and quality standard. This is applicable to all product modification of the
existing company.

4.4.16 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL

It is done on the basis of specification or orders placed by RUBCO Sales

International and based on domestic order placed by authorized distributors. The
required quantity and quality is specified through production planning and the
production is done according to this planning.

Operations planning involve the organization of an overall manufacturing

operating system to produce a product.

4.5 LABS AND QUANTITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

Rubco’s products have domestic and international acceptance due its stringent
quality maintenance. A well equipped lab functions at Rubco RCM division to assure
the quality maintenance and quality control of mattresses produced here. This
department comes directly under factory manager.

The adoption of quality management system should be a strategic decision of

an organization. The design and implementation of an organization’s quality
management system is influenced by varying needs, particularly the objectives the
products provide to sustain and win product’s acceptability in the market.

4.5.1 THE FUNCTIONS OF LAB AND QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

They are classified into two:

 Quality assurance function

 Laboratory function

52
4.5.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONS

 Strive to achieve international quality standards to the products through various

quality inspection methods.
 Ensure the quality online process of production
 Supervise the production process at various stages to make sure that quality
policy of Rubco is strictly maintained throughout the manufacturing process
 Ensure the quality of finished products
 Assure quality of contract material
 Assure quality of packing and sealing
 Assure quality of transport
 Carry out research and development activities with product development
department.

4.5.3 LABORATORY FUNCTIONS OF LABS

AND QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

 Testing of material this include testing and analysis work of raw materials like
latex and coir, furnishing materials like cloth, PU foam cotton, blanket, threat etc
and finished product.
 Effluent treatment plant
THE EFFLUENT TREATMENT FUNCTIONS ALSO COMES UNDER LAB
o Testing of sub-contract material.
o Testing of packing and sealing department
o Customer relations management

HERE LAB WORKS IN TANDEM WITH MARKETING

o Vendor analysis

4.5.4 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

At the effluent treatment plant rubber and latex is separated from the effluents
and this water is used for irrigation purpose in the garden at Rubco RCM factory
compound.

53
4.5.5 PERSONNEL IN LAB

Only shift-in-charge (lab & Q.A) quality supervisor lab and a clerk are the
permanent staff. The rest of lab technicians, lab assistants etc. are all temporary
employees. Shift-in-charge (lab Q.A.) is at freedom to appointment these technicians
and assistants according to the need.

4.5.6 QUALITY TEST FOR RAW MATERIALS

 TEST FOR COIR

o MOISTURE CONTENT TEST
The purchase-curled coir may contain moisture from atmosphere. To detect
this moisture content test is carried out. The permitted level of moisture in coir is 5 %
or below.
 TEST FOR LATEX
To measure whether the quality of purchased latex meets with the specific
standards following tests are conducted:

o Dry rubber content test

o Total solids test
o Test for ammonia
o Volatile fatty acid content test
o Mechanical stability test

4.5.7 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE

To maintain the quality policy of RUBCO and assure the quality of bare
mattress block as well as raw material, various quality control procedures and test are
adopted in the lab. They are:
 TEST FOR MATTRESS
The block rubberized bare are subjected to the following tests

o INDENTATION HARDNESS TEST

This test is conducted using indentation hardness apparatus. A 10 cm x
10 cm sample block is taken from the bare mattress and this block is compressed
to 40% of its original thickness by applying a load of 500 gm per minute.

54
 o FLEXING TEST
This test is done to check the internal hardness of bare mattress. The bare
mattress block is kept in flexing apparatus and subjected to 250000 times of
flexing to check the hardness.

 COMPRESSION TEST
This test is done to check the hardness of bare mattress. It is kept in for 22
hours. 3 hours after the release of the load reading is noted from the compression test
apparatus, under following condition.
At atmospheric conditions
In hot air oven (700C)
 AGEING TEST
This test is done to the durability performance of the mattress.
 PH TEST
PH test is conducted to analyze the durability performance of the mattress.
 SULPHATE TEST
To estimate the sulphate contents the extract of rubberized coir sheet.

4.5.8 STRUCTURE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

SHIFT IN CHARGE

QUALITY SUPERVISOR PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR

WORKERS WORKERS

FIGURE No.10

55
4.6 ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Instrumentation
 Electrical maintenance
 Maintenance and utility
 Boiler unit maintenance

4.7 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing is the foremost function that gives the management hopes for their
integrated task through making profits. It is a social and managerial process by which
making profits. It is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups
obtain what they need want through creating and exchanging products and value with
others.

Marketing of RUBCO mattress is done by RUBCO Sales International Ltd

(RSIL) at H.O. Kannur. Rubco sales International Ltd. (RSIL) is a public limited
company promoted by Rubco to spear head the sales and marketing activities for
Rubco’s entire range of products in the domestic and international markets. Within a
short span of its inception RSIL could effectively develop a competent network
domestically as well as globally and undertaken the successful launch of Rubco’s
product.

4.7.1 MARKETING STRATEGIES

Rubco mattress has attained wide market coverage in Kerala the short period
of it being established. Now Kerala market is dominated by Rubco mattress industry.
The effective marketing strategy that they have adopted is the reason behind this
explosive growth of Rubco. Expansion of existing market into other geographical areas,
i.e., now Rubco is the market leader in Kerala mattress industry and they are about to
expand their market all over South India in order to attain their target turnover.

56
4.7.2 FUNCTIONS OF RSIL

 Gather more information

 Monitoring of supply chain system
 Nurturing and sustaining excellent customer relation
 Helps to achieve product innovation and modifications by way of conducting
marketing R&D and consumer survey.
 Through better and effective distribution network expansion as well maintains it
ensures improved product availability to reduced cost.
 To help the production units to better and improve the quality of the product.

RSIL is a separate department to spear head the marketing activities of

Rubberized Coir Mattress product at its factory in Pampady. The sales personnel of
Rubco Marketing Dept. (RCSM) include two Jr. Sales Officer and 6 Sales executives.
In the highly competitive sector of rubberized coir mattresses where there are almost
120 odd as well as half a dozen organized sector players exist; the marketing
department (RCM) had done an excellent job in making the Rubco almost a market
leader in the state within a short span of 3 year.

Rubco mattress has also entered Tamil Nadu with setting up of distribution
channel in Chennai ad Erode. With the aggressive market expansion plans and the
domestic sales turnover of Rubco Rubberized Coir mattresses are all poised to double.

As Rubco has entered into export deal with some of the European Union
nations and the shipment already flagged off, the current year’s sales figures may even
go up further.

57
 4.7.3 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF RSIL

CHAIRMAN

MANAGING DIRECTOR

COMPANY SECRETARY GENERAL MANAGER COST ACCOUNTANT

ADMINISTRATIVE RSIL ACCOUNT OFFICER

OFFICER OF RSIL OF RSIL

MARKET SALES MARKETING SALE ADVERTISEMENT SALES

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER PROMOTION

(RCM) (F&P) (F&C) DEPARTMENT

AREA MANAGER

JUNIOR SALES OFFICER

SALES EXECUTIVES

FIGURE No.11

58
4.7.4 NEW MARKETING INITIATIVES

The marketing initiating other than maker expansion include the function of
new innovative product like –Budget mattress, Foldable mattress, Mattress protector,
Hi-tech pillow top mattress with 7 inch thickness, cross pillow, latex pillow.

4.7.5 PRICING

The price denotes the volume of a product or service expressed in money.

Rubco’s pricing strategy on its mattress is largely competitive. Rubco charges the price
as per Duroflex price.

4.7.6 THE PRICE POLICY OF RUBCO RCM ASLO INCLUDE

The price quoted is inclusive of transportation charges.

The margin for distributor is 11 % on transfer price and margin for retailer in 20% on
MRP in Kerala 25% on MRP in Tamil Nadu. The retailers are at freedom to sell below
MRP.

4.7.7 PROMOTIONS

To win the battle of competition every manufactures has to choose a number

of promotion tools which can be classified as advertising, publicity and sales
promotion.

4.7.8 ADVERTISING

The advertisement of Rubco rubberized mattress is done through moabozell

communications Ltd, Eranakulam, an advertising agency. The budget of advertising is
more than 10% of the expected sales of the financial year.

4.7.9 PACKING

Packing of the product plays vital role in the success or failure of a product
packing strongly affects the purchase decision. Packing is the covering given to a
product for protecting it on the plastic covering of Rubco mattress contains information
regarding its unique 3-D technology.

4.7.10 EXPORT
It is not a function of marketing department at Kannur. This function is done
by RCM factory Pampady itself. This year Rubco has starting of its mattress to some
European Union country. Rubco RCM division also receives enquiries for Sri Lanka,

59
 UAE and another Middle East centre. As Rubco RCM decision strictly follows its
quality policy and product satisfaction of the customer the export opportunities are
plenty. As for exports ISO certification is preferred. Rubco RCM division is all set to
take ISO 9001 certification shortly.

4.7.11 STRUCTURE OF SALES NETWORK

RUBCO (MANUFACTURER)

DISTRIBUTOR

RETAILER

CUSTOMER

FIGURE No.12

4.7.12 RESONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL MARKETING MANAGER

Under general supervision from MD, organize effective marketing network

and also export product from the factory.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDES

 Identify potential export market and establishes liaison and co-ordinates sales.
 Negotiates and enters into sales contracts with customers. Preparation, review
and finalization of quotations and enders on approval from M.D.
 Collect market intelligence and develops effectives ales promotions
techniques, including product promotion and advertising pricing.
 Develops an aggrieve marketing strategy to survive and progress under
competitive environment.
 Liaisons with production manager for changes in production schedules
depending on market demands.
 Prepares periodical performance appraisal of employees in the department.
60
4.7.13 ASSSISTANT MARKETING OFFICIER

Under direct supervision from marketing management, co-ordinate and

manage supply chain actives.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDES

 Collect purchase orders from sales offices / distributors in written from.

 Coordinates with store for dispatch of finished products.
 Arrange vehicles on approval of rates of marketing manager.
 Preparation of deliver note and invoices.
 Inform account for depositing cheques received from distributors.

4.7.14 SALES EXECUTIVES

Under general supervision from marketing manager, organizes effective

marketing and selling network of product from the factory.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDES

 To identify and establish marketing network.

 To gather market feedback on product quality and competitors activities.

4.7.15 SUMMARIZED PLANS 2013-2014

 Primary sales projection – Domestic RCM: Rs 7200 lakhs and Domestic Spring:
Rs 600 Lakh.
 Sales promotion activities: Rs 780 lakh. (Budget utilization based on actual
turnover achieved).

4.7.16 SPECIAL FOCUS

 Premium Verities + Spring mattress

 Institution ‘/ bulk sales.
 Exclusive outlets – RBCO mattresses world.
 Distribution network aggressive and massive expansion lan outside Kerala.
 High focus – Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa.

61
4.7.17 NEW MARKETS

 RUBCO’s products are introduced or launching in the following southern and

western sales.
 Tamil Nadu + Pondicherry
 Karnataka
 Andhra Pradesh
 Maharashtra
 Active plans are on to enter New Delhi / Gujarat states on survey.

62
CHAPTER – 5

ANALYSIS

63
 SWOT ANALYSIS

The overall evaluation of company Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats

are called SWOT Analysis.

5.1 STRENGTH
 Rubco mattress division has lot of product variety and price range.
 In the company there exists a cordial relationship between employees and top
management and among dealers and distributors.
 Through effective marketing Rubco products could have acquired wide market
acceptance to customer. Preference within a short period of being time
established.
 Style of leadership that company following is leadership through dedication and
coordination. That encourages employees of the organization to work towards
their organizational goals.
 The strength of the company lies with the quality of their products, wide range of
products capable to challenge variable environment condition, goodwill and
customer service, technical advices marketing intelligence, wide network and
interaction with customers.
 Effective material management system is one of their strength.
 Good financial management system that exist in the organization.

5.2 WEAKNESS

 Rubco is newly established company, most of the employees are fresher’s and
therefore the company has to conduct training programs to improve their skill. So
large volume of productive time is consumed to make enable these inexperience
workers to familiarize with their work procedures to be followed.
 High price compared to their competitors.
 Rubco plans to expand their market in overall south India, but transportation from
Kerala to other market will be a big burden they are facing in the market when
comparing to their competitors they can easily supply goods into market demand
because they are having manufacturing plant in other state.

64
5.3 OPPORTUNITIES
 The company has introduced lot of product verity in to the market therefore
customers having lot of alternatives to make their own decision.
 Rubco RCM division is not yet fully tapped their 100% utilization of existing
machine capacity so opportunities lies there. The factory can undertake new
projects regarding project diversification.
 Opportunity of identifying the regions where introducing more and more quality
products so that strecture can with stands the different regional environment.
 Rubco mattress faring high level competition in the market, but their products
having higher demand in the market, it is because of the quality policy that they
are adopting in their production process.
 Rubco Rubberized coir mattress planning to be entering in to foreign market.

5.4 THREATS
 Rubco RCM division division is very high regional and domestic competition
from other companies like Kurl-on, Duroflex and Sunidra mattress
 Competition in the market is increasing day by day because of lot of unauthorized
companies in the market. They are products of low quality at less price and
attracting same customers. This major threat company facing in the market.
 Each and every company facing threats in the market because customers
requirement are changing day by day.
 Changing in the environmental factors can make influence in the market.
 Fluctuating price of raw materials
 Lack of raw materials.
 Increasing competitions
 Taste of customers varies.
 Product differentiation
 For the past several years company is facing severe competition.
 Rubco ensure high quality product due to which the price of the products is
comparatively high compared to its competitors. So there is possibilities that
customer can switch to its competitors.

65
 PORTERS FIVE FACTOR ANALYSIS
The five-factor model of porter is an outside in business unit strategy tool that is used
make an analysis of the attractiveness of an industry structure. The competitive forces
analysis is made by the identification of fundamental competitive forces threat of the entry
of new competitors

Profitable markets that yield high return will attract new firms. This result in many new
entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless
the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the abnormal profit rate will trend
towards zero (perfect competition)

The existence of barriers to entry (patent, rights etc).The most attractive segment is one in
which entry barriers are high and exit barriers are low. Few new firms can enter and non-
performing firms can exist easily.

 Economics of product differences.

 Brand equity.
 Switching costs or sunk costs
 Capital requirement.
 Access to distribution.
 Customer loyalty to established brands
 Absolute cost.
 Industry profitability; the more profitable the industry the more attractive it will be to new
competitors.

66
Pictorial Depiction of Porters Five Factor Analysis

67
 Threat of substitute product or services

The existence of product outside of the realm of the common product boundaries
increases the propensity of customer to switch to alternatives.

 Buyer propensity to substitute.

 Buyer switching costs.
 Perceived level of product differentiation.
 Quality depreciation.
 Number of substitute products available in market.
 Ease of substitution. Information- based product are more prone to substitution, as
online product can easily replace material product

Bargaining power of customers (buyers)

The bargaining power of customer is also described as the market of outputs: the ability
of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customers sensitivity to
price changes.

 Buyer information availability.

 Buyer price sensitivity.
 Differential advantage (uniqueness) of industry product.
 Buyer volume.
 Ability to backward integrate.
 Degree of dependency upon existing channels of distribution.
 Buyer volume.

68
 Bargaining power of suppliers

The bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of
raw materials, components, labour, and services to the firm can be a source of power
over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Supplies may refuse to work with firm or
e.g. charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

 Strength of distribution channel.

 Employee solidarity.
 Presence of substitute inputs.
 Suppliers switching costs relative to firm switching costs
 Degree of differentiation of inputs.
 Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation.
 Supplier concentration to firm concentration ratio.

Inventory of competitive rivalry

For most industries, the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the
competitiveness of industry.

1. Sustainable competitive advantage through innovation.

2. Competition between online and offline companies.
3. Level of advertise expense.
4. Powerful competitive strategy.

Competitive rivalry is likely to be based on dimension such as price, quality and

innovation. Technological advances protect companies from competition. This applies to
products and services. Companies that are successful with introduction new technology
are able to charge higher price and achieve higher profits, until competitors imitate them.

Porter’s Five Factor Analysis of Rubco

Following are Porter’s Five Factor Analysis of Rubco

69
Threat of New Entrants

Since the beginning of their manufacturing unit, they have a lot of representative offices,
indicating substantial growth. The demand in this sector is likely to outstretch the supply
position. New competitors are not likely to adversity effect. The fortunes of rubco in the
coming decades.

Threat of Substitute

Substitute product or servicing are these that apparently are different but satisfy the same of
customer needs. In porter’s model substitute product refers to the product of another firm.

Bargaining Power of Customers

With the entry of new manufactures, the choices before the customer vary to counter this,
the company may have to think of spreading their dealer network to unrepresented areas
and be watchful about the new comers. It has to keep a good relationship with it’s
customers, the quality of products developed should with customer’s expectations and
price of the product should be attractive.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers

Purchases are made and service obtained through a process of open tendering. This way
the company is able to obtain the most competitive race in the market and the other terms
and conditions.

Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

The intensity is more competitive through innovations cost reduction assurance, customer
relation etc.

70
 CHAPTER – 6

FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

71
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

6.1 FINDINGS

 Rubco is manufacturing eco-friendly products, making sure that it does not cause
any kind of harm to the society. This has created is subsequent effect regarding
the goodwill of the company.
 Presence of good industrial relations with local unions and there is greater co-
operation between management and employees.
 As a result of efficient monitoring and quality control of every stage of production
wastages and rejections are brought down.
 Wage system is fair in RUBCO
 Labour turnover is very low
 Workers health and safety are given prime importance.
 A good co-ordination exists between different departments.
 In RUBCO RCM division there exists an opportunity to diversity the product line.
There is provision to manufacture other rubberized coir products rather than
mattresses, like cushions and furniture upholstery.

6.2 SUGGESTIONS

Considerably within a short period of time being established RUBCO division has
earned the reputation of being a leading manufacturer of rubberized coir mattress by virtue of
an enviable manufacturing infrastructure.

As a result of efficient monitoring and quality control at every stages of production,

wastages and rejection are brought down. Whatever be the orders, whatever be the risk,
whatever be the RUBCO RCM division will live up to the expectation of the people by
providing a wide range of mattress and other rubberized coir products, catering to diverse
segment of the market, enforcing strict quality measures and standards for its products. We
can see RUBCO as non-competent leader in the field of rubberized coir mattress in the near
future itself.

72
Based on the study conducted the following suggestions are made:

 RUBCO has to tap their 100% utilization of existing machine capacity in order to
tap market demand.
 RUBCO has to adopt a strategy that would result in lowering the production and
distribution cost.
 If the customers will be able make the orders online, the company will be able to
increase the sales, mainly abroad.
 The company has to engage in production of variety products. It has to add new
product line thus widening its product min i.e. cushions and furniture upholstery.
 The company has to make strengthen their supply chain in other states, in order to
tap the target market.

73
 CONCLUSION

The rubberized coir mattress industry has a great market in India. There are number
of mattress manufacturers in the market who are struggling hard to make an impact in the
mind of customers. Branded and unbranded mattresses are there in the market, unbranded
ones are concentrated on the local market. They are mainly giving attention to provide
customized product, who cannot afford to buy branded mattress at comparatively high price.
At present, mattress market has become one of the most competitive markets in India, which
spend huge amounts of money for advertisement and other promotional activity. Rupco is a
major player in this industry. The internship study is helped to make a valuable conclusion
through the analysis of different functional department of the Rubco. Presently it is ranked at
the top with consideration to quality.

The core competencies of the organization can be listed as below:

 Professional Management
 Effective Leadership
 Cordial relationship between employees and top level management
 The company has well established network in industry with sound
manufacturing and marketing experience.
 The company has adequate resources available for expansion.

74
 BIBLOGAPHY

1. Chary, S.N., Production and Operations Management, New Delhi, Tata Megraw
Hills Publishing Company Limited, 1997
2. Dessler, Human Resource Management, New Delhi, Prentice- Hall of India Private
Limited, 2003
3. KOTHARI, C.R., Research Methodology, New Delhi, New Age International (P)
Limited, 2004
4. Kotler, Philip, Marketing Management, New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India Private
Limited, 2004
5. Robbins, Stephen, Fundamentals of Human Resources Management, New Delhi,
Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2005
6. Sarma, A.M., Industrial Relations, Mumbai, Himalaya Publishing House, 2007
7. AswathappaK, “ Human Resource and Personnel Management” 2nd Edition-New
Delhi, 2004
8. Shashi.K.Gupta and RoshyJoshy, “Human Resource Management”, Kalyani
Publishers, 2002

WEBSITES

 http://www.rubcogroup.com/products/mattress
 http://www.rubcomattress.com/products/mattress
 http://www.rubcoindustry.com/products/mattress

75