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ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE

A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR


OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
Present Tense Sentences Perfect
Simple Perfect Continuous
Continuous
Perfect 1. Simple Past Tense Sentences
Perfect Continuous
1. I went to college.
1. Simple Present Tense Sentences 2. I read a lesson.
[3rd Person + Present tense + Singular → Verb + s] 3. I ate an apple.
1. I go to college. 4. Raja sang a song.
2. I read a lesson. 5. I studied the lesson.
3. I eat an apple. 6. He opened the door.
4. Raja sings a song. 7. You run away.
5. Sun rises in the east. 8. Dog barked.
6. Sun sets in the west. 9. I saw a book.
7. They jump. 10. He came from school.
8. He opens the door. 11. He said to Raja.
9. You run away. 12. I received a message.
10. He runs away. 13. Raja danced beautifully.
11. He walks to the garden. 14. They worked hard.
15. You caught.
2. Present Continuous Tense Sentences
2. Past Continuous Tense Sentences.
is → singular
am → I 1. I was speaking
are → plural 2. Raju was sending.
3. You were teaching.
1. I am speaking. 4. They were coming.
2. Raju is eating. 5. We were dancing.
3. You are sleeping. 6. He was thinking.
4. They are watching T.V.
5. We are playing food ball. 3. Past Perfect Tense Sentences.

3. Present Perfect Tense Sentences. 1. The sun had set.


2. The show had begun.
1. I have cut my nose. 3. I had cut my hair.
2. I have given money.
3. I have a house 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense sentences.
4. We have brought.
5. He has sent it. 1. I had been eating.
6. She has sunk. 2. I had been listening.
7. It has broken. 3. She had been running.
8. They have taken. 4. They had been reading.
5. You had been jumping.
4. Present Perfect continuous Tense Sentences.
Future Tense Sentences
1. I have been giving money. Simple
2. I have been listening music. Continuous
3. She has been reading. Perfect
4. He has been running. Perfect Continuous
5. They have been watching movie.
1. Simple Future Tense Sentences.
Past Tense Sentences
Simple 1. I shall go to college.
Continuous 2. I shall study tomorrow.
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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
3. We shall come. 7. Rose will be winning the race.
4. You will run.
5. He will open. 3. Future Perfect Tense Sentences.
6. She will sing.
7. We shall eat. 1. I shall have eaten tomorrow.
8. It will come. 2. I shall have written my exercise.
9. Raju will sing. 3. They will have broken the car.
10. Raja sill come. 4. We will have known.
5. We shall have gone tomorrow.
2. Future Continuous Tense Sentences.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentences.
1. He will be eating.
2. I shall be going. 1. I shall have been eating.
3. They will be dancing. 2. Raju will have been reading.
4. They will be going. 3. Raja will have been studying.
5. Raja will be acting. 4. They will have been writing.
6. We shall be singing. 5. Raja will have been doing.

I. Use able to / unable to


Can = Present Tense
Could = Past Tense
II. Remove too
1. I can play. (Use able to)
Ans. I am able to play. too → very, excessively, extremely
too ……to…… → so …… that ……cannot/ could not
2. I could play (Use able to) Present tense, is, am, are → cannot.
Ans. I was able to play. Past tense, was, were → could not.

3. He could tell me. (Use able to) 1. It is too hot outside.


Ans. He was able to tell me. Ans. It is very hot outside.

4. They could tell me. (Use able to) 2. These books are too expensive.
Ans. They were able to tell me. Ans. These books are very expensive.

5. She can work. (Use able to) 3. Raja is too fond of sweets.
Ans. She is able to work. Ans. Raja is extremely fond of sweets.

6. I can write a letter. 4. It is too sour.


Ans. I am able to write a letter. Ans. IT is very sour.

7. She could eat a mango. 5. The king was too infallible (perfect) to make a mistake.
Ans. She was able to eat a mango. Ans. The king was so infallible that he could not make a
mistake.
8. She could not eat sandwich.
Ans. She was unable to eat sandwich. 6. I am too tired to think of anything.
Ans. I am so tired that I cannot think of anything.
9. I cannot dance.
Ans. I am unable to dance. 7. He spoke too fast to be understood.
Ans. He spoke so fast that one could not understand.
10. I cannot write an essay.
Ans. I am unable to write an essay. 8. He is too proud to beg.
Ans. He is so proud that he cannot beg.

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
My mother cooks food. (verb)
9. Hitler was too cruel to spare the Jews. He is a popular cook. (noun)
Ans. Hitler was so cruel that he could not spare the Jews. He works in call centre. (verb)
I have lot of work to do. (noun)
10. The Chief Minister Mr. Raja was too busy to give us an He visits to the zoo. (verb)
appointment. He earned good name. (Noun)
Ans. The Chief Minister Mr. Raja was so busy that he could
I name this cat. (verb)
not give us an appointment.
Right the correct one. (verb)
Take right. (noun)
11. Parents now days are too busy to pay attention to their
children education. Hold the pen. (verb)
Ans. Parents now days are so busy that they cannot pay I didn‟t have any hold. (noun)
attention to their children education. I return the book. (verb)
I have no return. (noun)
12. It became too dark to read easily. The companies offer discount. (verb)
Ans. It became so dark that one could not read easily. It is a good offer. (noun)
I am looking you. (verb)
13. I too won a ticket to go to cinema. Your look is beautiful. (noun)
Ans. I also won a ticket to go to cinema. Raja shops vegetables. (verb)
He opened the shop. (noun)
14. He too got it right. Ragavan produced a film. (verb)
Ans. He also got it right. The farmers store their produce. (noun)
Ambani formed a company. (verb)
III. Make sentences using the given words as I am unable to fill the form. (noun)
noun as well as verbs. I tried a lot. (verb)
He gave it a last try. (noun)
Noun = Name of place, animal, things. He leads me in the race. (verb)
Verbs = Action. Lead is a metal. (noun)
1. Hand
IV. Opposites with Prefixed and suffixes.
2. Can
3. Lock
1. able x unable (prefix)
4. Cook
2. complete x incomplete
5. Work
3. proper x improper
6. Visit
4. guide x misguide
7. Name
5. regular x irregular
8. Right
6. ordinary x extraordinary
9. Hold
7. social x anti – social
10. Return
8. legal x illegal
11. Offer
9. encourage x discourage
12. Look
10. interior x exterior
13. Shop
11. agree x disagree
14. Produce
12. careful x careless (suffix)
15. Form
13. fearful x fearless
16. Try
14. appear x disappear
17. lead
15. direct x indirect
16. perfect x imperfect
Hand me the towel. (verb) 17. septic x antiseptic
Aishwarya‟s hand is beautiful. (noun) 18. ability x inability
You can do this. (verb) 19. useful x useless
The can is full of water. (Noun) 20. important x unimportant
Lock the door, before you leave. (verb) 21. call x miscall
Key is with the lock. (noun) 22. national x international

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
23. correct x incorrect 43. continue x discontinue
24. pure x impure 44. restless x restful
25. obey x disobey 45. justice x injustice
26. understand x misunderstand 46. experienced x inexperienced
27. literate x illiterate 47. valuable x valueless
28. war x antiwar 48. successful x unsuccessful
29. clear x unclear 49. necessary x unnecessary
30. willing x unwilling 50. maximum x minimum
31. pleasant x unpleasant 51. powerful x powerless
32. romantic x unromantic 52. sensitive x insensitive
33. developed x undeveloped 53. vegetarian x non vegetarian
34. equal x unequal 54. reserved x unreserved
35. definite x indefinite 55. kind x unkind
36. aware x unaware 56. friendly x unfriendly
37. respect x disrespect 57. advantage x disadvantage
38. patient x impatient 58. connect x disconnect
39. responsible x irresponsible 59. give x receive
40. lock x unlock 60. normal x abnormal
41. cyclone x anti – cyclone
42. like x dislike

V. Affirmative and negative sentences


8. I did not remember.
Ans. I failed to remember.
ASSERTIVE
9. She does not remember.
Ans. She fails to remember.

AFFIRMATIVE/ VI. Question Tag.


NEGATIVE
POSITIVE 1. I am in mood.
Ans. I am in mood, aren‟t I?

1. I like to go to the seashore. (Make it negative.) 2. Let‟s go for picnic.


Ans. I don‟t dislike going to the seashore. Ans. Let‟s go for picnic, shall we?

2. He likes to go to the seashore. 3. Let us go for cinema.


Ans. He don‟t dislike going to the seashore. Ans. Let us go for cinema, shall we?

3. They like to go to the seashore. 4. They always come in time.


Ans. They don‟t dislike going to the seashore. Ans. They always come in time, don‟t they?

4. It is useless. 5. We sit here every day.


Ans. It is not useful. Ans. We sit here every day, don‟t we?

5. There is little hurry. 6. Vijay comes here right at 5.


Ans. There is no hurry. Ans. Vijay comes here right at 5, doesn‟t he?

6. He had only his daughter with him. 7. They reached here yesterday.
Ans. He had no one except his daughter with him. Ans. They reached here yesterday, didn‟t they?

7. I do not remember. (Make it affirmative) 8. That girl got the prize.


Ans. I fail to remember. Ans. That girl got the prize, didn‟t she?

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS

9. I am not tired. 8. He was an extraordinary human being.


Ans. I am not tired, am I? Ans. What an extraordinary human being he was!

10. He does not attend the school. 9. I am quite tired.


Ans. He does not attend the school, does he? Ans. How tired I am!

11. Ranji never mixes with her classmates. 10. I am very proud of my nice mother.
Ans. Ranji never mixes with her classmates, does she? Ans. How proud I am of my nice mother!

12. You should not blame him. 11. You are absolutely right.
Ans. You should not blame him, should you? Ans. How right you are!

13. I shall go to school. VII. HOMOPHONES


Ans. I shall go to school, shan‟t I? Homophones are those words which sounds similar buy have
meaning and spelling different.
14. We are not telling the truth. 1. There , their
Ans. We are not telling the truth, are we? 2. Fair, fare
3. Knew, new
15. He will go to school. 4. Wright, right
Ans. He will go to school, won‟t he? 5. Sum, some
6. Whether, weather
16. Bring me food. 7. Principle, principal
Ans. Bring me food, will you? 8. Piece, peace
9. Birth, berth
17. Show me your pen. 10. Hole, whole
Ans. Show me your pen, will you? 11. Pray, prey
12. Sea, see
18. Stay there. 13. Be, bee
Ans. Stay there, will you? 14. Where, were
15. Hear, ear
19. Open the door. 16. Our, hour
Ans. Open the door, will you? 17. Are, or
VII. Exclamatory and Assertive Sentences.
1. What a wonderful story it was! (make it assertive)
Ans. It was a wonderful story. VIII. Degree of comparison.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Sweet Sweeter Sweetest
2. How naughty you are! Small Smaller Smallest
Ans. You are very naughty. Tall Taller Tallest
Bold Bolder Boldest
Clever Cleverer Cleverest
3. How sweet! Kind Kinder Kindest
Ans. It is really very sweet. Young Younger Youngest
Brave Braver Bravest
4. He was very slow. (Make it exclamatory) Fine Finer Finest
Happy Happier Happiest
Ans. How slow he was! Great Greater Greatest
Easy Easier Easiest
5. It was a very lovely painting. Wealthy Wealthier Wealthiest
Ans. What a lovely painting it was! Hot Hotter Hottest
Thin Thinner Thinnest
Sad Sadder Saddest
6. How lucky I was! Fat Fatter Fattest
Ans. I was very lucky. Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Eminent More eminent Most eminent
Industrious More industrious Most industrious
7. What a lesson to be learned from Wilma! Ferocious More ferocious Most ferocious
Ans. It was indeed a great lesson to be learned from Wilma. Difficult More difficult Most difficult

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
Good Better Best
Well Better Best 2. Mumbai is not leaner than Chennai.
Bad Worse Worst
Little Lesser Least Ans. Chennai is as clean as Mumbai.
Much More Most
Many More Most 3. March is not as hot as June.
In Inner Innermost Ans. June is hotter than March.
Up Upper Uppermost
Old Elder Eldest
Old Older oldest 4. The rose smells as sweet as the lily.
Ans. The lily does not smell sweeter than the rose.
Positive Comparative Superlative
No other than any other the happiest 5. The rose smelled as sweet as the lily.
Few other/ very than many / most one of the tallest Ans. The lily did not smell sweeter than the rose.
few other
6. The roses smell as sweet as the lilies.
1. Raji is the richest woman in Mumbai. The lilies do not smell sweeter than the rose.
Ans. Raji is richer than any other woman in Mumbai.
No other woman in Mumbai is as rich as Raji. IX. Change the voice.
1. I love
2. Swami Raja was one of the most eminent disciple of ustad Ans. I am loved.
Amjat Ali Khan.
Ans. Very few disciples of ustad Amjat Ali Khan were as 2. I warn.
eminent as swami Raja. Ans. I am warned.
Swami Raja was more eminent than many other disciples of
ustad Amjat Ali Khan. 3. He calls.
Ans. He is called.
3. Reading is the best form of recreation.
Ans. Reading is better than any other form of recreation. 4. She permits.
No other form of recreation is as good as reading. Ans. She is permitted.

4. Australia is the largest Island. 5. They call.


Ans. Australia is larger than many other Islands. Ans. They are called.
No other Island is as large as Australia.
6. I write.
5. Australia is one of the largest Islands. Ans. I am written.
Ans. Australia is larger than many other Islands.
Very few Islands are as large as Australia. 7. We help.
Ans. We are helped.
6. Books are the best source of knowledge.
Ans. Books are better than any other source of knowledge. 8. They ask.
No other source of knowledge is as good as books. Ans. They are asked.

7. Iron is stronger than many other metals. 9. Raja loves Raji.


Ans. Iron is one of the strongest metals. Ans. Raji is loved by Raja.
Very few metals are as strong as Iron.
10. Vijay loves us.
8. No one is as lazy as Raja. Ans. We are loved by Vijay.
Ans. Raja is lazier than any other.
Raja is the laziest of all. 11. Surya loves me.
Ans. I am loved by Surya.
Note: - Whenever the comparison is made between two
persons or things there does not exist with superlative degree. 12. The cat kills the rat.
Ans. The rat is killed by the cat.
1. Raja is sweeter than Raji.
Ans. Raji is not as sweet as Raja. 13. The cats kill the rat.

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
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Ans. The rats are killed by the cat. Ans. Those cars have been driven by him.

14. The cats kill the rat. 32. I had written a letter.
Ans. The rat is killed by the cats. Ans. A letter had been written by me.

15. I write a letter. 33. She had painted a picture.


Ans. A letter is written by me. Ans. A picture had been painted by her.

16. I write those letters. 34. He had cut those trees.


Ans. Those letters are written by me. Ans. Those trees had been cut by him.

17. He broke the glass. 35. The teacher had taught the lesson.
Ans. The glass was broken by him. Ans. The lesson had been taught by the teacher.

18. He breaks the glass. 36. The teacher had taught the lessons.
Ans. The glass is broken by him. Ans. The lessons had been taught by the teacher.

19. The C.M. received the P.M. 37. The teacher will have taught the lesson.
Ans. The P.M. was received by the C.M. Ans. The lesson will have been taught by the teacher.

20. The peon delivered the letters. 38. Vijay will have finished the task.
Ans. The letters were delivered by the peon. Ans. The task will have been finished by Vijay.

21. I closed the door. 39. My friend will have bought a gift.
Ans. The door was closed by me. Ans. A gift will have been bought a gift.

22. Raji wrote a letter. 40. I shall have written a letter.


Ans. A letter was written by Raji. Ans. A letter will have been written by me.

23. He will finish the work. 41. I am watching you.


Ans. The work will be finished by him. Ans. You are being watched by me.
42. The Raman is building the wall.
24. He will finish the work. Ans. The wall is being built by the Raman.
Ans. The work will be finished by him.
43. The teacher is teaching a new lesson.
25. People will forget it. Ans. A new lesson is being taught by the teacher.
Ans. It will be forgotten by people.
44. My mother is cutting an apple.
26. I shall invite you. Ans. Apples are being cut by my mother.
Ans. You will be invited by me.
45. My mother is cutting apples.
27. The police will catch me. Ans. Apples are being cut by my mother.
Ans. I shall be caught by the police.
47. The gardener was cutting grass.
28. They will send me. Ans. Grass was being cut by the gardener.
Ans. I shall be sent by them.
X. Model Auxiliary
29. They have eaten the fruits. 1. „used to‟ is used to express a discontinued habit
Ans. The fruits have been eaten by them. 2. „could‟ is used for showing possibility
3. „shall‟ is used for request, intention, promise, permission
30. They have opened the window. 4. „will‟ is used for warning, order, instruction
Ans. The window has been opened by me. 5. „must‟ is used for compulsion, obligation

31. He has driven those cars. XI. Figure of Speech


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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
10. Onomatopoeia – sound
XII. Wh type questions.
1. Personification – human quality
2. Alliteration – repetition of same alphabet
3. Repetition – repetition of same word
1. We lived downstairs of the hospital.
4. Tautology – same meaning Ans. Where did we live?
5. Antithesis – opposite words
6. Hyperbole – over statement
7. Interrogation – questions
8. Exclamation – expression
9. Inversion – jumble words

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS

Present Past Past Forgive Forgave Forgiven Shine Shone Shone


tense tense participle Freeze Froze Frozen Shoot Shot Shot
Arise Arose Arisen Get Got Got Show Showed Showed
Buy Bought Bought Give Gave Given Shrink Shrank Shrunk
Be Was/were Been Go Went Gone Shut Shut Shut
Beat Beat Beaten Grow Grew Grown Sing Sang Sung
Become Became Become Hang Hung Hung Sink Sank Sunk
Begin Began Begun Hear Heard Heard Sit Sat Sat
Bend Bent Bent Hide Hid Hidden Sleep Slept Slept
Bet Bet Bet Hit Hit Hit Side Slid Slid
Bite Bit Bitten Hold Held Held Speak Spoke Spoken
Blow Blew Blown Hurt Hurt Hurt Spend Spent Spent
Break Broke Broken Keep Kept Kept Spit Spat Spat
Bring Brought Brought Know Knew Known Spread Spread Spread
Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Lay Laid Laid Spring Sprang Sprung
Build Built Built Lead Led Led Stand Stood Stood
Burn Burnt Burnt Leave Left Left Steal Stole Stolen
Catch Caught Caught Lend Lent Lent Stick Stuck Stuck
Choose Chose Chosen Let Let Let Sting Stung Stung
Come Came Come Lie Lay Lain Stink Stung Stung
Creep Crept Crept Light Lit Lit Strike Struck Struck
Cut Cut Cut Lose Lost Lost Sweat Swore Sworn
Deal Dealt Dealt Make Made Made Sweep Swept Swept
Dig Dug Dug Mean Meant Meant Swim Swam Swum
Do Did Done Meet Met Met Take Took Taken
Draw Drew Drawn Pay Paid Paid Teach Taught Taught
Drink Drank Drunk Put Put Put Tear Tore Torn
Drive Drove Driven Read Read Read Tell Told Told
Eat Ate Eaten Ride Rode Ridden Think Thought Thought
Fall Fell Fallen Rise Rose Risen Throw Threw Thrown
Feed Fed Fed Run Ran Run Understand Understood Understood
Feel Felt Felt Say Said Said Wake Woke Woken
Fight Fought Fought See Saw Seen Wear Wore Worn
Find Found Found Seek Sought Sought Weep Wept Wept
Flee Fled Fled Send Sent Sent Win Won Won
Fly Flew Flown Set Set Set Write Wrote written
Forbid Forbade Forbidden Sew Sewed Sewed
Forget Forgot Forgotten Shake Shook Shaken

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX - CLASSES STUDENTS
October 96.
1. Your younger brother who is staying in a hostel has failed in the Terminal examination and has become
nervous. He is thinking to give up studies. Write a letter persuading him to continue the efforts and get
success.
7G, Rainbow Colony,
M.G.Road,
Mahin (E),
Mumbai - 400 016.
24th February, 2010
Dear brother,
I hope this letter of mine finds you in the pink of health. But what is this I hear about you? Are you really
seriously planning to give up your studies, just because you failed in the terminal examination? It would then be a rash
decision made without any fore-thought and careful reflection. A solitary failure should not dishearten you. It is not the end
of the world for you yet. You must count your blessings. You are full of bouncing energy and very much in the prime of your
youth. Should you decide to give up your studies, you will be a big loser. You will be tagged as a school drop - out.
Worse still, without adequate formal education, you will not be able to forge ahead in life. The prospects for
you anywhere and everywhere are bound to be bleak. Dearest brother, there is no point in being unduly nervous and diffident.
Keep on working and brush up your weak subjects then you are likely to pass your next examination with flying colours.
And what is more, this achievement is not beyond you. Your are quick on the uptake, this should make your
task much easier and simpler. I would now in all seriousness urge you to have second thoughts on your rather rash decision to
give up studies.
Yours lovingly,
ABC
March 1997
2. You had invited your friend for a vacation at your native place. Somehow he/she could not arrive in time in
spite of his/her assurance. Write a letter asking him/her about the reason and tell about your worries.

7G, Rainbow Colony,


M.G.Road,
Benson Town,
Bangalore - 560 005.
24th, February, 2010.
Dear Friend,
I received your letter long ago confirming your decision to spend this vacation with us. We were all eagerly
waiting to see you. However, the vacation is almost over and we know that there must have been a strong reason for
cancelling the arrival.
Mother had special plans for us about spending holidays in Bangalore. Your busy life in Mumbai certainly
needed a little change and we had taken care of that in our plans which included an excursion to Krishnaraj sagar where the
famous Brindavan Garden is. As this is the fag end of vacation and yet there is no sign of your arrival we lost hopes. Your
recent letter confirming your ticket reservation makes us all the more anxious to know as to the reasons for your last minute
cancellation. Our disappointment for your not coming has turned into anxiousness and we are all worried about you.
Everyone is forwarding his/her reasons for your sudden dropping the plans to come to Bangalore and I tell
you, more we think of the reasons the more worried it makes us all. Therefore, please write to us about the emergency that
caused your change in the plans.
We shall be anxiously waiting to hear from you.
Yours lovingly
ABC

3. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper drawing his attention to the illegal parking of truck in your lane.

7G, Rainbow colony,


M.G. Road,
Mahim (E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
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24th, February, 2010.
The Editor,
Times of India News Paper,
Mumbai : - 400 001.
Subject: Complain against the illegal parking of truck.
Respected sir,
I have been the resident of the above mentioned area for the last twenty years. The people here are all
educated and go out to work and children go to school. I would like to bring to your notice that the roads in this area are fully
filled with illegal parking of trucks, that it becomes very difficult to even walk specially during the rains. Not only this even
the street lights are so poor, that it becomes very difficult for people to walk or take out their vehicles during late in the
evening.
One must be aware that how irresponsible is to park vehicles like trucks in the residential area. Hence I
request you to consider it and through your newspaper, I want to make one request to the concerned authority to consider this
matter as important park the trucks in some other non residential areas.
I shall be obliged if you publish my letter in your newspaper so that it catches the attention of the Councillor
of our ward and an urgent action is taken.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
X y Z.
4. Write a letter of enquiry to the manager of a travel agency about a proposed vacation trip you intend to make to
Delhi, Simla and Agra.
7G, Sonia Apartments,
Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
The Manager,
The General travel agency,
Mahim (W),
Mumbai - 400 016.
Subject: Enquiry about a proposed vacation trip to Delhi, Shimla and Agra.
Respected sir,
I, XYZ, one of the teacher staff of our school. We teachers had a meeting with our Principal. The authorities
have agreed to give us the permission to conduct the vacation trip to Delhi, Shimla and Agra.
Kindly furnish us with the necessary details and the total cost for 500 students and 20 staff members. Also
send your quotations for other places.
Eagerly awaiting your reasonable quotation.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
X Y Z.
5. Your friend does not wish to join the N.S.S. As it involves a not of extra curricular activity. Write a letter to him/her
persuading him/her to join this unit, telling him/her of the usual work being done by the unit, what real educational
meas etc.

7G, Rainbow colony,


M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
5th March, 2007
Dear Sania mirza,
It was great hearing from you after a long time. Your holiday in the cool hills of Shimla seems to be
interesting and full of fun, however the contents of your letter has disturbed me and set me thinking. As a long standing
friend, I consider it my duty to give you my views and persuade you to follow your ideals.

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OMTEX CLASSES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
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You have always been interested in joining the N.S.S. why should the curriculum deter you? There can be
no field of study without extra - curricular activities. These activities help to develop your personality they will enable you to
grow into a fine young accomplished man.
Besides just think of the useful work you will be involved in the N.S.S. You were the one who always
wanted to do something useful, in the service of others and this is the ideal chance. Sania, think about it, it is your career your
are talking about. Don‟t get put off with some extra - curricular activity, Be positive, Be brave and confidence will be yours.
Bye for now, do keep in touch I love hearing from you and treasure, your friendship.

Yours lovingly,
X Y Z

6. Write an application letter for the post of librarian for a public library.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Manager,
The General Public Library,
Dadar (W),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Reference : Your advertisement in “The Times of India” dated 23rd, February,


2010.
Subject : Application letter for the post of Librarian.
Respected sir,
With reference to your advertisement for the post of librarian in “The Times of India” dated 23rd, February,
2010. I wish to apply for the same.
I am a very energetic person with excellent communication skill and ready to face any target set by your
esteemed public library. I am will to work hard and being young I am also eager to add knowledge with experience. I hold a
M.Com degree from “University of Mumbai” and a Diploma in Library Science from “Indira Gandhi Open University”, New
Delhi. I have also done computer courses like Basic, Tally – 9 as well as programming languages like C, C++ from NIIT,
Matunga. I have 2 years experience as a assistant in local library, Mahim.
My resume is sent here with, for your reference. I shall be much thankful to you, if you grant me an
interview call at your convenient time. I am looking forward to join your esteemed Public library as early as possible.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz.
Encl: - Resume and Xerox copy of educational certificates.
7. Write an application letter for the post of accountant.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Manager,
The General company,

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Dadar (W),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Reference : Your advertisement in “The Times of India” dated 23rd, February,


2010.
Subject : Application letter for the post of Accountant.
Respected sir,
With reference to your advertisement for the post of accountant in “The Times of India” dated 23rd,
February, 2010. I wish to apply for the same.
I am a very energetic person with excellent communication skill and ready to face any target set by your
esteemed company. I am willing to work hard and being young I am also eager to add knowledge with experience. I hold an
M.Com degree from “University of Mumbai” and a Diploma in Cost Account from “Indira Gandhi Open University”, New
Delhi. I have also done computer courses like Basic, Tally – 9 as well as programming languages like C, C++ from NIIT,
Matunga. I have 2 years experience as an assistant accountant in local company, Mahim.
My resume is sent here with, for your reference. I shall be much thankful to you, if you grant me an
interview call at your convenient time. I am looking forward to join your esteemed company as early as possible.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz.
Encl: - Resume and Xerox copy of educational certificates.

8. Write an application letter for the post of teacher.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Principal,
The General High School,
Dadar (W),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Reference : Your advertisement in “The Times of India” dated 23rd, February,


2010.
Subject : Application letter for the post of Teacher.
Respected sir,
With reference to your advertisement for the post of Teacher in “The Times of India” dated 23rd, February,
2010. I wish to apply for the same.
I am a very energetic person with excellent communication skill and ready to face any target set by your
esteemed School. I am willing to work hard and being young I am also eager to add knowledge with experience. I hold a
B.A. degree from “University of Mumbai” and I have done B.Ed. from “Indira Gandhi Open University”, New Delhi. I have
also done computer courses like Basic, Tally – 9 as well as programming languages like C, C++ from NIIT, Matunga. I have
2 years experience as a English Teacher in Local School, Mahim.
My resume is sent here with, for your reference. I shall be much thankful to you, If you grant me an
interview call at your convenient time. I am looking forward to join your esteemed School as early as possible.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz.
Encl: - Resume and Xerox copy of educational certificates.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
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9. Write a complaint letter regarding irregular electric supply in your locality / village.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim (E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Sub Engineer,
Maharashtra State Electricity Board,
Dadar (w),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Subject: Complaint letter regarding irregular electricity supply.


Respected Sir,
We are totally five hundred families residing in our locality. We are facing a severe problem of growing
instances of power failure for the last three months in our locality.
In our locality there are many students who are preparing for their upcoming Board Exams as well as for
other final examinations. But, this irregularity in electric supply is causing obstacles in their preparation. Sir, you also know,
this year the summer is extremely hot so the old people facing it very difficult to tackle the problem. The problems of current
supply also lead to some other illegal activities in our locality.
We have already given many complaints to our local authority. They are always giving us empty promises
and doing nothing. So kindly am requesting you to look into this matter personally. If you do the needful then I shall be very
much thankful to you.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz
10. Write a complaint letter regarding irregular Water supply in your locality / village.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim (E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Sub Engineer,
Maharashtra State Water Supply Board,
Dadar (w),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Subject: Complaint letter regarding irregular water supply.


Respected Sir,
We are totally five hundred families residing in our locality. We are facing a severe problem of growing
instances of insufficient water supply for the last three months in our locality.
We have only 50 taps for our five hundred families, it means on an average a tap for every 10 families,
which is already insufficient. But during the last three months the problem has increased to a lot due to less supply of water.
Because of less supply of water there is a growing instance of disputes among our local people. Many times we have to return
home with our empty vessels.

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We have already given many complaints to our local authority. They are always giving us empty promises
and doing nothing. So kindly am requesting you to look into this matter personally. If you do the needful then I shall be very
much thankful to you.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz
11. Write a complaint letter regarding over flow of gutter in your locality / village.

7G, Sonia Apartments,


Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim (E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
24th February, 2010
To,
The Sub Engineer,
Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board,
Dadar (w),
Mumbai – 400 021.

Subject: Complaint letter over flow of gutter in out locality.


Respected Sir,
We are totally five hundred families residing in our locality. We are facing a severe problem of growing
instances of overflow of gutter for the last three months in our locality.

We have already given many complaints to our local authority. They are always giving us empty promises
and doing nothing. So kindly am requesting you to look into this matter personally. If you do the needful then I shall be very
much thankful to you.

Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Xyz

TOURIST LEAFLET

1. Prepare a Shot tourist leaflet about your village / town indicate:


i. How to go there?
ii. Where to stay/ Accommodation
iii. When to visit?
iv. What to see?
v. Anything special/ Add your own points.
Ans.
BANGALORE

Introduction: Bangalore is a city of Roses with beautiful gardens. It is the capital city of Karnataka. It is a highly
developed city.

i. How to go there: Bangalore is well connected with rest of India. One can go to Bangalore by the way of
Plane, Bus
or Train:

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
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Plane: Daily two flights namely IA – 550 and IA – 330 from Mumbai to Bangalore are
available.
Bus: The State Transport Bus Services and many other private Bus Services are available
from Mumbai to Bangalore.
Train: There are many trains available which can take you to Bangalore. The most
convenient is
“Mumbai – Bangalore Express”
ii. Where to Stay: Accommodation is no problem in Bangalore. The Government tourist Hotels and other
Big and
Small hotels are available to suit ever one‟s budget.
iii. When to Visit: October to December is the best time of the year to visit Bangalore.
iv. What to See: The climate and scenery of Bangalore is mind blowing. It is a well planned city with
huge roads, parks, theatres, and gardens, there are many interesting places
to see like Bull Temple, Tippu
Palace, Glass house, the Museum, Vishan Sabha and many Palatial Buildings. It is also
known as
little Singapore.
v. Anything Special As far as food is concerned Bangalore is famous for Noodles, Gobi Manchurian, Channa
Masala,
Idli fry, Prawns fry, Mugal Briyani, etc. The people are very culture oriented and highly
intelligent. They give more importance to their education.

2. Prepare a Shot tourist leaflet about your village / town indicate:


i. How to go there?
ii. Where to stay/ Accommodation
iii. When to visit?
iv. What to see?
v. Anything special/ Add your own points.
Ans.
CHENNAI

Introduction: Chennai is a city of Temple with beautiful architecture. It is the capital city of Tamil Nadu. It is a highly
developed
city.

i. How to go there: Chennai is well connected with rest of India. One can go to Chennai by the way of Plane,
Bus
or Train:
Plane: Daily two flights namely IA – 550 and IA – 330 from Mumbai to Chennai are
available.
Bus: The State Transport Bus Services and many other private Bus Services are available
from Mumbai to Chennai.
Train: There are many trains available which can take you to Chennai. The most
convenient is
“Mumbai – Chennai Express”
ii. Where to Stay: Accommodation is no problem in Chennai. The Government tourist Hotels and other Big
and
Small hotels are available to suit ever one‟s budget.
iii. When to Visit: June to October is the best time of the year to visit Chennai.
iv. What to See: The climate and scenery of Chennai is mind blowing. It is a well planned city with huge
roads, parks, theatres, and gardens, there are many interesting places
to see like Bull Temple, Lord
Ganesh Temple, Marina Beach, Anna samathi, Lord Murugan Temple, Palatial
Buildings, etc, it is

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also known as little New York.
v. Anything Special As far as food is concerned Chennai is famous for Idli, Vada, Sambar, Masal dosa,
Idli fry, Prawns fry, Mugal Briyani, etc. The people are very culture oriented and highly
intelligent. They give more importance to their education.

3. Prepare a Shot tourist leaflet about Hill Station:


i. How to go there?
ii. Where to stay/ Accommodation
iii. When to visit?
iv. What to see?
v. Anything special/ Add your own points.
Ans.
OOTY

Introduction: Ooty is the queen of Hill with beautiful lakes, rivers, scenery, etc. It is situated in the heart of Tamil Nadu.
i. How to go there: Ooty is well connected with rest of India. One can go to Chennai by the way of Plane,
Bus
or Train:
Plane: Daily two flights namely IA – 550 and IA – 330 from Mumbai to Ooty are
available.
Bus: The State Transport Bus Services and many other private Bus Services are available
from Mumbai to Ooty.
Train: There are many trains available which can take you to Ooty. The most convenient
is
“Mumbai – Ooty Express”
ii. Where to Stay: Accommodation is no problem in Ooty. The Government tourist Hotels and other Big
and
Small hotels are available to suit ever one‟s budget.
iii. When to Visit: June to October is the best time of the year to visit Ooty.
iv. What to See: The climate and scenery of Ooty is mind – blowing. It is a well planned hill station with
huge
roads, parks, theatres, and gardens, there are many interesting places to see like Bull
Temple, Lord
Ganesh Temple, Dolphin Nose, Flower Garden, Lord Murugan Temple, Palatial
Buildings, etc,.
v. Shopping: Shopping in Ooty is fun. One can buy very traditional and well as modern things from
Ooty.
Ooty is very famous for woollen clothes.
vi. Anything Special As far as food is concerned Ooty is famous for Black tea, Idli, Vada, Sambar, Masala
dosa,
Idli fry, Prawns fry, Mugal Briyani, etc. The people are very culture oriented and highly
intelligent. They give more importance to their education.

SPEECH
1. Write a speech to be delivered among your class mates, regarding blood donation.
BLOOD DONATION
Dear friends, we have one life let us make our one life more meaningful by donating blood. Blood donation
is the mother of all donations. Blood donation directly gives life to another human being. It is not only saves one individual
but also the entire family of that individual. A person can donate blood thrice in a year. The donated blood will be thoroughly
checked and stored up in a secured form. For donating blood a person must have a weight of at least 45 kg.
Many people have misunderstandings about bold donation. They feel by donating blood they will fall sick.
But it is not like so, the donated blood will automatically regenerate by our body itself within four to five hours after donating
the blood. A person will be prohibited from donating blood if he drank alcohol during the last six hours.
So friends, let us put our hands together and make a promise to donate blood at least once in a year.

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2. Write a speech to be delivered among your class mates, regarding EYE donation
EYE DONATION
Dear Friends, we have one life let us make our one life more meaningful by donating eyes. Eye donation is
the mother of all donations. Eye donation directly gives vision to another human being. It is not only gives vision to one
individual but also to the entire family of that individual. A person who wishes to donate his eyes after his death has to go to
an eye hospital and need to register his name with the hospital.
The information about the person who agreed to donate eyes and died is to be given to the respective
hospital as early as possible. So, that his eyes can be removed and saved within six hours. We can see the world even after
the death of ourselves by the way of donating eyes.
So, friends let us put our hands together and make a promise to donate eyes after our death.

APPEAL
1. Prepare an appeal to be presented along roadside regarding protecting environment.
“PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT”

“ONE EARTH, ONE LIFE,


WHY THEN LET IT DIE?
NATURE IS A GIFT OF GOD,
LET US PROTECT IT”
Dear friends, Mother Nature is crying for help to protect herself from the social evils like, cutting of trees,
polluting the rivers, burning of plastics, emission of CO 2, depletion of ozone layer, global warming etc. In order to
highlight the problems and to make people aware, the social service organisation “PRITHVI” is going to conduct
a two days program.

Day One: Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, will give a speech regarding
i. How to save our environment?
ii. How to reduce the level of CO2?
iii. Use of solar energy.
Day Two: Famous Cricketer, Sachin Tendulkar shall plant the first sapling of “ONE CRORE TREE
PLANTATION” program.

So, friends come one and come all let us put our hands together and make a promise to save our mother
nature.

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Complex Sentences: (because, when, while, where, as, before, after, that, since, as soon as, no sooner, if, unless, as ....
though, if .... though, though, even though, although, whether, so .... that, till, only if, so that, until, which, ………)

Compound Sentence: (and, but, or, not only ...... but also, either ..... or, neither ..... nor, )

Conversion of Simple Sentences into Compound sentences

1. Simple: Seeing a snake he ran away.


Compound: He saw a snake and ran away.
2. Simple: Besides being intelligent she is beautiful.
Compound: She is intelligent and she is beautiful.
3. Inspite of his enormous wealth but still he is sad.
Compound: He possess enormous wealth still he is sad.
4. Simple: Standing with his grief he is optimistic (confident).
Compound: He is grievous but still he is optimistic.
5. Simple: To avoid danger you must be very careful.
Compound: Either you must be careful otherwise you will meet danger.
Conversion of Compound Sentences into Simple Sentences

1. I ate apple, I went to Cinema.


Eating apple I went to Cinema.
2. He passed M.B.B.S. and became a doctor.
Having passed M.B.B.S. he became a doctor.
3. You must study well or you will not get the first class mark.
You must study well to get the first class mark.

Conversion of Simple sentences into Complex sentences

1. He doesn‟t know the date of his marriage.


He doesn‟t know when he had married.
2. He expects first class in the medical examination.
He expects that he will get first class in the medical examination.
3. A man of justice gets respect every where
A man of who justice gets respect very where
4. The reason for his success is unknown.
The reason how he succeeded is unknown.
5. On seeing a police thief ran away.
As soon as thief saw the police ran away.

Conversion on Complex Sentences into Simple Sentences

1. Since he was tired he could not go to office.


On account of his tiredness, he could not go to office
2. What he aced was seen by all
His action was seen by all.
3. He student who studies well gets high marks
The well studying student gets high marks.
4. He went to the college where he studied
He went to his old college.
5. He replaced the old wall clock which was damaged.
He replaced the damaged wall clock.
6. He ran fast the he might not miss the train
He ran fast to catch the train

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7. After I had reserved the tickets I returned to my house.
Having reserved the tickets I returned to house.

Compound to Complex

1. Study well or you will fail


Unless you study well you will fail.
2. He saw the name board and entered the hotel.
Seeing the name board, he entered that hotel.
3. He was suffering from fever and he was admitted in the hospital.
Since he was feverish he was admitted in the hospital.
4. He is strong but he is timid (scared).
Although he is strong, he is timid.

Complex to Compound

1. I saw a monkey which was sitting on a tree.


I saw the monkey. It was sitting on a tree.
2. If you go to Agra you can see Tajmahal.
Go to Agra you can see Tajmahal.
3. I suspect that he has done the murder.
He has done the murder. I suspect him.
4. Though the soldier was wounded, but he went to the battle field again.
The soldier was wounded. He went to the battle field again.

Prepositions – Time

English Usage Example

 on  days of the week  on Monday

 in  months / seasons  in August / in winter


 time of day  in the morning
 year  in 2006
 after a certain period of time (when?)  in an hour

 at  for night  at night


 for weekend  at the weekend
 a certain point of time (when?)  at half past nine

 since  from a certain point of time (past till now)  since 1980

 for  over a certain period of time (past till now)  for 2 years

 ago  a certain time in the past  2 years ago

 before  earlier than a certain point of time  before 2004

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
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 to  telling the time  ten to six (5:50)

 past  telling the time  ten past six (6:10)

 to / till / until  marking the beginning and end of a period of time  from Monday to/till Friday

 till / until  in the sense of how long something is going to last  He is on holiday until Friday.

 by  in the sense of at the latest  I will be back by 6 o‟clock.


 up to a certain time  By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)

English Usage Example

 in  room, building, street, town, country  in the kitchen, in London


 book, paper etc.  in the book
 car, taxi  in the car, in a taxi
 picture, world  in the picture, in the world

 at  meaning next to, by an object  at the door, at the station


 for table  at the table
 for events  at a concert, at the party
 place where you are to do something typical (watch a  at the cinema, at school, at work
film, study, work)

 on  attached  the picture on the wall


 for a place with a river  London lies on the Thames.
 being on a surface  on the table
 for a certain side (left, right)  on the left
 for a floor in a house  on the first floor
 for public transport  on the bus, on a plane
 for television, radio  on TV, on the radio

 by, next to, beside  left or right of somebody or something  Jane is standing by / next to / beside
the car.

 under  on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else  the bag is under the table

 below  lower than something else but above ground  the fish are below the surface

 over  covered by something else  put a jacket over your shirt


 meaning more than  over 16 years of age

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 getting to the other side (also across)  walk over the bridge
 overcoming an obstacle  climb over the wall

 above  higher than something else, but not directly over it  a path above the lake

 across  getting to the other side (also over)  walk across the bridge
 getting to the other side  swim across the lake

 through  something with limits on top, bottom and the sides  drive through the tunnel

 to  movement to person or building  go to the cinema


 movement to a place or country  go to London / Ireland
 for bed  go to bed

 into  enter a room / a building  go into the kitchen / the house

 towards  movement in the direction of something (but not directly  go 5 steps towards the house
to it)

 onto  movement to the top of something  jump onto the table

 from  in the sense of where from  a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions


English Usage Example

 from  who gave it  a present from Jane

 of  who/what does it belong to  a page of the book


 what does it show  the picture of a palace

 by  who made it  a book by Mark Twain

 on  walking or riding on horseback  on foot, on horseback


 entering a public transport vehicle  get on the bus

 in  entering a car / Taxi  get in the car

 off  leaving a public transport vehicle  get off the train

 out of  leaving a car / Taxi  get out of the taxi

by  rise or fall of something  prices have risen by 10 percent


 travelling (other than walking or horse riding)  by car, by bus

 at  for age  she learned Russian at 45

 about  for topics, meaning what about  we were talking about you

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1. Read the tabular data showing the causes of road accidents in India and write a paragraph mentioning the chief points.

Sr. No. Causes Percentage


1 Drivers‟ fault (not following traffic rule, overtaking, speeding, etc. ) 83.5%
2 Passengers/Pedestrian fault (not following traffic rule, not walking on foot path, etc. ) 4.7%
3 Mechanical defect in vehicle 4.0%
4 Absence of reflectors 2.0%
5 Other factors (bad, roads, potholes, broken dividers, etc) 6.8%
Total 100.0%

2. Write a paragraph based on the following tree diagram about the village Kaldhari:

KALDHARI

Massive
rainwater
cleanliness energy sources milk awarenes
harvesting
Drive

3. Imagine that you are interviewing Sachin Tendulkar. Write 10 questions that you would ask him.
4. Imagine that you are interviewing Amir Khan. Write 10 questions that you would ask him.
5. Read the following tree diagram that give information about the judiciary system in India and prepare a short note.

6. You have conducted a survey of wage earners in your locality. Given below is a graphical representation of your findings.
The „X‟ axis represents the wages earned in Rs. And the „Y‟ axis represents the number of wage earners. The blocks are
shaded differently to show children, women and men. The legend for each is given below the graph. Write a paragraph
explaining your findings:

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7. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the enrolment of girls and boys in a school from 1998 to 2002. You may use
the following words or phrases.
Number of enrolments, always, more than, except, exceeded, steady rise, fell, remained the same, rose again, etc.
Year Girls Boys
1998 5000 4911
1999 5200 5099
2000 5100 5067
2001 5100 5190
2002 5325 5205

Tree Diagram
1. A Tissue may be defined as a group of cells having some shape, size, origin, function and the same type of
development. Tissues are basically classified into two groups namely, meristematic tissues, and permanent tissues.
Meristematic tissues are divided into two, these are position based and origin based. Permanent tissues are further
divided into two groups. They are simple tissues and complex tissues. On their basis of their position in the plant
body meristematic tissues are classified as aplicle – intercalary, and lateral. On the basis of origin, meristematic
tissues are divided into 3 groups; they are Pro – meristem, Primary – meristem and secondary – meristem. Simple
tissues are classified into 3 groups, namely parenchyma, collechyma, sclerenchyma, The two complex tissues are
found in vascular plant. They are xylem and phloem.
2. Read the following extract and make a note of it with the help of the data provided. The latest national sample
survey organisation (NSSO) report reveals that Urban India spent only 43% of its total consumption expenditure on
food items in 2004 – 2005. That is a major drop from 64% in 972 – 73. And the trend holds for the rural India too.
The share of food in total expenditure in rural areas has fallen from 73% in 1974 – 75 to 55% in 2004 – 05. In both
rural and urban India, ruel and light took up 10% of total consumer expenditure, while clothing bedding and food
weal took up 5% Medical expenses formed 7% of the total expenditure in rural India and 5% in Urban India. Rural
India spent less on education at 3% of consumption expenditure than urban India 5%. Conveyance took away 7%
expenditure in Urban India and 4% in rural India.
3. Draw a tree diagram
The United nation is a body of nations who have voluntarily joint together to work for the world peace. All nationals
are equal in UN. The international labour organisation (ILO) is one of the specialised agencies of the NO. It aims at
improving working conditions of workers through the combined efforts of Government, employers and labours. The

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Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) is another specialised agencies of UN. It works to help countries to
increase the quality and improve the quality of their food from farming and fishing. It gives advice on the
improvement of soil, forest, crops and on nutrition. The World Health Organisation (WHO) seeks to improve the
physical as well as mental health of every one all over the world. It helps to improve the sanitation and water supply;
it also helps in training doctors and health workers. The United Nations education scientific and cultural
organisation (UNESCO) is another specialised agency of the UN. It works for peace, seeks to fight illiteracy and
encouraged exchange of ideas.
4. Read the following extract and make a note in the suitable form.
A great deal of computer communication takes place over telephone lines. Telephones send and receive analog
signals. Computer in contrast, receives digital signals. So, to convert the digital signals to analog signals and vice
versa, there is a need of modem. There are four basic types of modems. External, internal, PC card and wireless. The
external modem stands apart from the computer and typically is connected by a cable to the computers serial port.
the internal modem, consists of a plug – in circuit board inside the system unit. The PC card modem is a credit card
size expansion board that is inserted into a portable computer. A wireless modem may be internal, external or a PC
card. Unlike other modems, it does not use cables, instead wireless modem work through the air.

REPORT WRITING

1. Write a report on the following headline.

MASKED MEN SHOOT BANK MANAGER


Mumbai, February, 24
By a Staff Reporter,

In a daring day light robbery, three masked men entered the Indian Bank, Mahim branch on Monday at 10 a.m. When the
manager refused to cooperate, he was fired at chest from a N – 38 revolver and was seriously injured. The three masked escaped
in a waiting Red Maruti Van with a loot of 5 lakhs.
The Bank Manager Mr. Anbu Selvan, was rushed to Sion Hospital. He had sustained two bulled wounds on his chest.
Doctors have reported that his condition is still critical. When contacted Mr. Ragavan, commissioner of Police said that certain
important clues have been inspected which would definitely lead to the arrest of the bank robbers.

30 SCHOOL CHILDREN KILLED IN BYS – TRUCK ACCIDENT.

Mumbai, February, 24
By a Staff Reporter,

Thirty school children were killed when an S.T. Bus was smashed by a truck near Matunga yesterday.
Sixty five students and five teachers of General English High School were on their way to Water Kingdom at about 9.40
a.m., when the Municipal Garbage truck smashed the S.T. bus. The truck driver was trying to save a boy who was crossing the
road. Twenty five students and 3 teachers were seriously injured; they were immediately taken to the Sion Hospital. When
contacted Mr. Ragavan, commissioner of Police said that investigations were going on detailed report will be given only after the
proper investigation.

HEAVY RAINS DISTURBED NORMAL LIFE


Mumbai, February, 24
By a Staff Reporter,

Heavy, rains continued for the third day in Mumbai, bringing all normal life to a stand still. The Central part of the city was
the worst affected with the water level rising above 3 feet in some areas.
Most of the main roads were completely flooded. In many areas the electric poles had fallen down and thus the whole city
faced darkness. The situation may improve by tomorrow. The Spokesman of B.E.S.T. said that, “All the city buses were
cancelled, which leads to a major problem for a common man”
24 KILLED IN BUS ACCIDENT
Mumbai, February, 24
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A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
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By a Staff Reporter,

24 were killed a bus accident with a Volvo bus near Dadar yesterday by a truck.
Sixty people of the area of Matunga were on their way to Mahabaleshwar at about 11.15 a.m. when a Municipal Garbage
truck hit the Volvo bus. The victims were immediately taken to the near Sion Hospital. Among sixty people, 24 were died and 30
were seriously injured. After the investigation Mr. Shiva, Deputy Commissioner of Police said, that the driver is a drunkard.

FOOD POISONING AFFECTS 50 SCHOOL CHILDREN


Mumbai, February, 24
By a Staff Reporter,

Over 30 children were battling for their lives in Sion Hospital after they had consumed sweets distributed by the school at a
function, yesterday.
The students of the General English High School, King Circle were given sweet brought from a local shop on the occasion of
Annual Day celebration of the School. Immediately after consuming sweets the children felt nausea and dizziness. Some started
vomiting and were rushed to Sion Hospital. The police have registered a case against the shopkeeper and arrested him. Parents
were worried for the speedy recovery of their children.
INDIA WINS SECOND TEST MATCH AGAINST AUSTRALIA
Mumbai, February, 24
By a Staff Reporter,

India wins second test match against Australia at Eden Garden, today. The two teams now stand level.
The little master Sachin and Skipper (captain) Dhoni who built up a partnership of one sixty runs taking up the total to 350.
However, McGrath, bowling took the toll and he took 4 wickets. Later the overall target of 540 runs seemed to be tough for the
Australian team. The Australian Skipper Ricky Ponting was disappointed with their players performance. As none of the
Australian player has scored a century except the Skipper. Ricky Ponting himself is the highest scorer with 103 runs. The Ponting
said, “My team would fight back in the Third and final test in Mumbai”.

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