Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Harmonics
Steve Zakula
Application Engineering
Results-Driven Roadshow
All rights reserved. - 1 -
© Copyright 2006 ABB.
10/17/2006
Session Goals
∑h
h=2
2
THD(%) = *100
h1
h = amplitudeharmonic
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∑h
h =2
2
TDD(%) = * 100
IL
h = amplitudeharmonic
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Quantification
Fundamental
Analysis
5th
7th
11th
13th
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Harmonics —
Why worry?
Harmonics — Why worry?
Non-incandescent lighting
Computers
Uninterruptible power supplies
Telecommunications equipment
Copy machines
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Battery chargers
Electronic variable speed drives
Any load with a solid state AC to DC power converter
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IDEAL 6 PULSE CONVERTER
RECTIFIER
INDUCTOR
AC LINE LOAD
where
ISC = maximum short circuit current at PCC
IL = maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCC
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Harmonics, Important Terminology
between the nonlinear load and other loads.” (voltage harmonic emphasis)
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Harmonics, Important Terminology (cont.)
• ISC/IL - The ratio of the short-circuit current available at the point of common
coupling, to the maximum fundamental load current.
• Total harmonic distortion (THD) or distortion factor - The ratio of the
root-mean-square of the harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of
the fundamental quantity, expressed as a percent of the fundamental.
PCC2 (Harmonic
Voltage Distortion)
480 V
MV PWM M
LV LV
PWM PWM
M M M M
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M
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Harmonics — By the Numbers
Note: Notch area for other than 480 V systems should be multiplied by V / 480.
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Quantification
Analysis
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Harmonics —
Will it be a problem?
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Harmonics —
L L M
Line Motor
C
inverter inverter Motor
(rectifier)
LCL filter
No transformer required
Not affected by line imbalance
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Active Front End Drive, Construction
Inverter module
Converter module
Main switch
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Main contactor
LCL-filter module
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Ultra Low Harmonics Drive
How Does It compare?
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Active Filter Front End with LCL Filter
6-pulse
Active Filter controls line current line current
Active Filter
controlled
harmonic mitigation equipment current
AT THE DRIVE INPUT!!!
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Harmonic Reduction Summary
Effectiveness of Harmonic Mitigation Techniques
(Assuming 100% Nonlinear Loading, ISC / IL = 60)
THD Harmonic
Technique
(Current) Reduction
No mitigation (reference level) 72% ⎯
3% line reactors (or equivalent DC link reactor) 39% 45.8%
5% line reactors (or equivalent DC link reactor) 33% 54.2%
5% line reactors + 5th harmonic trap filter 12% 83.3%
12 pulse input rectifier with 5% impedance transformer 10% 86.1%
Hybrid filter 7% 90.3%
18 pulse input rectifier with 5% impedance transformer 5% 93.1%
12 pulse input rectifier with 5% impedance transformer
4% 94.4%
+ 11th harmonic trap filter
Active harmonic filter 3.5% 95.1%
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ACS800 Ultra Low Harmonic Drive
Active supply
Incoming section unit with filter
with breaker
Control unit
Motor inverter
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