=, = UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA TEST1 course SEPARATION PROCESSES COURSE CODE : CHES44 DATE : 17 APRIL 2018 1% HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 2, This question paper consists of TWO (2) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission the invigilator. iven by Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of the Question Paper two pages Form — Form 1 and 2 Answer ALL questions in English. ER204) NAME NYOLIN WANNER BAT mo THAR ‘STUDENT ID ort esao1y QUESTION 4 ek 20 ae QUESTION 2 TOTAL MARKS ‘N40 scQUESTION 1 (P02, C03, C3) A total feed mixture of benzene-toluene of 50 kmolh containing 40 mole% benzene is separated on a continuous distillation column operating at amospheric pressure to yield benzene with 92 mole% distillate and 8 mole% bottoms product. The feed is heated so that it enters at its boiling point with equimolar of liquid-vapor mixture. Based on this condition, if the reflux ratio was set to be 2.5 of return liquid to distilate, determine: a) The molar flowrate of the distillate and bottoms product. b) The number of theoretical plates and the location of the feed enters. (USE SOREL METHOD) c) The minimum required number of theoretical plates. (20 marks) The equilibrium curve of the benzene-toluene is given in Form 1. QUESTION 2 (P02, C03, C4) ‘Awater solution of 1000 kgih containirlg 2 wt% nicotine is stripped with a pure kerosene stream at the rate of 2000 kg/h in a countercurrent stage tower. The exit water stream contains “0:15 wt% nicotine. The water and kerosene are essentially immiscible with each other. By using the equilibrium data given in Form 2: a) Determine the number of theoretical stages required for the extraction. b) Calculate the amount of nicotine in the extract stream. (20 marks) END OF QUESTIONSOE = hehe hnvo sty ee i ea 1 sseT sy ye oe (x) uonoey 80 C ryote be Feu say ()uopoey bon 010 2 Mf jo = 80 Lo 90 $0 qe-vo-% £0 zo kor} Arer2. tec GI wEpMS BH. GW ME uSIHUES vray “OWEN auianjo}-suezuag Jo anuno winliqinb3 :} WHOo100 S100 waiskg euesosey-sa}e\A-OUOIIN JOJ sang wiNntqyinby ‘hveeegyioe 201 wepms HM ow NIE HUSMURS UNUMy -oLENy ‘euesooy-19}em-euNOO|L Jo anno WnJquINbS :z WO y fouasciey By j eunoaqu 8) A 2.fueung SBAHEM GMT MD TARE sortez2a1y “TEST | /CHESHY /EHDDONY = ee | pce ea, 7 3S (4 | etat_moiwr Balance an Foe btw Component Roane COmoe) apP = xpd + RWW oy (HEB= 683d + OW iE 90 Bal = ofp +9qtw [ow SB > usp a) [wt on Ti be so Bil {osdFa2 - uso) sO oni uc (Onn + Howe bet = BAW | cw > sassy Bs oo Bowne Op) Siw to feed ertert_ at baing_pomt, g= i Date: Nea = ban AW £1401 Enllh, Ne Vig = ta AW Nin= bigs Ven = FGI + ONES Ha in +H a 2 boroboe baal OL Rp oper Org + 2 is Sus BR aus + Ze cet Ray Rx! one uns 2S xy § i DSH De: yay = OFFS mags + 09694 : = by 2 lar PP | Bl el y= cea Enal/j, 4 by = 4 +e: ‘eh 614 a Rowe Bet —_leehom _cgevatng two: iy | w= an a New | gn = 28588 ~ Bay (008) m1 $338 34.5228 | gy = OS zner — OOH | {++ | g; z erIM eng sot y, AND COWWD 402697 5 OSTA a ee = OHMS, 43 COs 403609 0-664 SC036S) SOW = Oe “aed to Ye goth the no of dhetical appalt s s6sH What rebulle., HO no of Yheatizal plete aill te UG Se plates, 9] Wen _ nium to of hares) per ste andor tof sastel_coftwe [whee FF, thus baud on He gaiph, “fate noo} cHesehel pies, Nien = 5+ Te > SS plate meludry. reer Wo no of thoreticat plates utthiat tebailer 6 %S plateNURLNG SAHRA BINT MD TARE Borer WEST 1 [ CHESHM] EHtD2 YE Date: Giaton 2) ; fat ae w) i= 28-5078" Cama -eurret [. Vnat = 2900 talk — 4 Sener Boge two, |” a = © ea fe Ly = 1000 ton te 48-0. toh aasesaars za SiGe | iret wales, b= Lem) P= bet-xe) ID = 1000 Fy, C1010 C= ocd | by = 981 492 kg/h | Wyput _Seukput ETT eee feclee Witt Dora se Me bot Mae, ty Mi = ve00 B/, + D000 "/y Ny 2 2018-578 bglh ax | Sig se eat Shea pure komitne, “fous Nig =V> i : |v? =v ¢i-y: LVvevy Gy) page hs a Z ant Nal = w= = 2800 bgfh ee | POW talh yy = S109 es Paton #0 pet gnph, Ne 3+ ar @ rhage / W/The amount of riedtne im he arches sireom = yVyNo Date: ] SMESUL/F-T50I8/ SIURDAY/ RENINON f TERT! _ coemecTtent . Quesnon 1) ag 0°93 Barsare (xp) 7 (96 maves) pee Drdillaten [_|o08 Toluene - (pO ty —Bensone- aio ese kee = oe Toluene Cotw- prev) & Going Pent ; w aaaeee = s - na Sameoe teed — Zrjpecton: a 0-42 Tolueng he R= os = a o |The moter fisuete of ‘te deote ond bettas prdudl - i | Total Molor Galemee > bw dD tw E b> siw _o i cg | en nn PR Saree ee VARS cat ate = o4(S4')= ofan + o08w cg l il ae SB > ofve xeow a 2m = cp tw w 23m te! -usp —® p= SMB - Caso Beh uso) i esp = 200 D> owe SH _@ aire Bet © Mw W = 25-9524 kmal/,Date: Querion_0b)| The _numbor of tharetal plates ard the lecatin of Ho fad emer, CURE soPEL memtop) . [Sma _tte feet entere ot tt baiting pont, q = 1+ Reften, R= by ; Pee ee D 4 = ban = Aeneid BR + oy Bel ha = RD bn = Teg ES z __ bn = cas octqorie Wet) be = te Bal N= bm - W 7 z ’ | Ne = eet BB 30. 4eoy | Vn = bb vee Tip -tpering ting: N= R ayy g 20 Yu = 2S ayy, O92 OSt1 2Sel ii = OFNYS ang, 6:9694 —_|ettee=egonttog One Yn = Lg = — We Vin Ven heh jee Ym = FEY zmiy - 30524 (0.08) bebe ee.teeo a) m2 bHC4S Amey - 0.0371 | Befre psig q-eperatng me, Wie te top-opeartng Le a [ At = FOG, Yay = OS Copa) tODER = OCKE Boyt HBO) t0%4 = Or}s5G MH aa = 04 = OTR (0S) 46-7699 = 0.6558Questa 1 Cv) Sop mettop Queston | CE) Biol Reflux Rati _Ne: Qucctoa | Ce) Cet {oo 2018/ SIUEONY/ Reason! [Test \ GepectION, After parma q-operatag tre, wie bottorrepeatng bre equatin At py HOB, Yeg = MHZ Co%) -ourst = +4400 Bb aq.5 = 0975, yg = MEME COIS) “04H = OBE5E Beye 0195 jypg = HYE4s (6195) 208% = 0.9884 AE yg O12) Yeig = I4EHRCO-R) “OOFH = 611386 Bajed on Form \ , te number of ttareizad pole 1s 6-8 plates The mermum tequrecl Aumber of theorefial postes (AB plates uithart tobiler. The locaton of feed eniet co at pote S- sratuaing rebeiter and A total_reflinc rate, fhe _dep-epeattig Ore equation bewnes Yn =Xnai sine Ror + Tamim ___|Bated on Fount tte,n0 of thenetteal vines ts S55 plates meudng rebate and | AeSS ploles urthaut rebniterNo: Date: CAESYE/ FF HI8 ISETUEDAY [ONEIDA /TEST 1 copeECTION. etn >) es = ia 20 tae Gountereurrent Wasi =2000 yh Une =o ee hae > 9814 fn nant AN poxoiS 2 (@)|betermme te number of therettead eiewyer yequred for He oxtachnn « wert water, Ps beChnae) = ur C20) Tart atuent, V" > Viet Cl-dner) =M4 Ce) Thus, = uae Ct-O ney? Vi = 20D Ig/n (1-99 V" = 2000 tg Zh Boe Wi G-m) _ aOR = Ly Cl owoie) eee ee een pnecent SEES ie a =ereSereeeaee “Wial_ Mae Balane + he tut = Wot bw tee Bz Hs Ws +81 tof Ny = 20185948 kal Congestion of weetme at Wy sheam; VY" = Wi C-) aon = 20l8.s248 kg/h (1-4) y= 0.0092 02,0009) and C2 Ynys) = OOS 4S) >| Goleutale te mount of resting Mm Fe octet steam» Bated on Fam >, te Mo of trosretval stages tquired fr the echaction is 3.8 Stager moluding febailer and 3-2 Stages without rebsiler - Tre amount of mestine m tte getaat cream = yNy a * G02 Co0Ig SE, tall) = WBiSt0S tahj cutest] FH-718 (SAME AY / Peso {TET | (aReNCTION a fim 33 ier Gave of Nctutiae swatel “Koroseng | rie fait ] aie lenia —Querian 9-Ca’) | | | i | | | | +t ee at { ULBELNERSa RES SS cee tal j | | | \ + t | P Cea venting /eg kerosene ) | i | —+—— +4 —+——+} + 4 = — t | + fi} | / | Hb Hele + | Baek Tae ir | | oso | } f | TST EE : | | | | ooo oh eC Cae |««CC SC onal 18) 2 Ceg prestme/tg ucter)7, CONFIDENTIAL \ al EHIJUN 2018/CHES44 i} UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA TEST 2 COURSE SEPARATION PROCESS COURSE CODE : CHES44 DATE : JUNE 20148 TIME + 1HOUR INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This question paper consists of two (2) questions, 2 Bo not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigitator. 3 Answer ALL questions in English, Name: J kuasinn SUAHNEAA RIM MD TAR He Student No: | sorpaaaiy Group: B¥a004) e Question 1 Question 2 20 Marks: DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of ? printed pages © Hak Cipta Univerelt Teknologt MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL, 2 EHMJUN 2018/CHES44 QUESTION 4 (P01, CO4, C3, C5) a) A 5000 kg hot solution Ba (NOs)2 from an evaporator whose solubility is 30 kg Ba (NOs)2 1100 kg HO and average heat capacity 4.18 kiikg°C is cooled from 380 K to 290 K ina scrap surface crystallizer. The solubility of the solution obtained is 8.5 kg Ba (NO.)2 /100 kg H:0. i. Determine the yield of crystals if 5% of total feed solutions evaporates. (S marks) ji, For a cooling process at temperature 270 K, the solubility of reduced to 7.3 kg Ba (NOs)2 /100 kg H2O. Determine the yield of crystals and heat required (q) if there is no evaporation occurs. The heat of solution at this temperature is -6.19 x 10? kJ/kg (10 marks) b) The company needs to produce @ pharmaceutical product with good yield and less production time. Suggest and justify one type of suitable crystallizer to achieve this objective (5 marks) QUESTION 2 (PO1, CO2, C3, C2) @) Oil is to be extracted from meal by means of acetone using a single-stage extractor. The inlet flow per hour of fresh solvent contains 1400 kg/h acetone. The amount of solid meal to be treated is 3000 kg/h which contains 30 wt% of ail. N is essentially constant at 2 kg solid/kg solution. Calculate the amounts and concentration of the stream leaving the process. Use equilibrium diagram provided in Form 1. Attach Form + with your answer sheet . (14 marks) b) State three (3) typical applications of leaching in industry. (6 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,EHIJUN 2018/CHESa4 CONFIDENTIAL FORM1 Ctesre fon) vy 60 80 40 90 go fo 0. Seo) bo o ae ama or T 0 i d ———-} —— —| s0 caw — - — 4 Zz del Aaa Bel z=N $89904d Bulyoee7 40} uoHonssuog jeoIydesg CONFIDENTIAL, (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARARUNG YANERY BITE MO TARR serieanans te ERR04! [Test o/ cHESUY. a Question |), a | ___Fial = Sooty Bane! Beaprcd 8 = Boy watnods | Xp 7 0.808 3 tee Fa tas 7B = o-teda ue oe COED Net Batiwxd, dende at whe Wo inde os & ___ |e _ iB > tte bg = otea2. BB + byl Wty + 20bg [ay 2 l= %y = oes = 0.2208 | lw = SF of uh fam fed seulnn lw = 0S Cor Feaa)CSPOS fy) (WF 19803 kg Moet Balance Balong on fh, 010308 (0 fg) = OW + gs bg Cs) + iced Cleo* B.S ) bg WY kg = OBA S +e C= NSH ootss © UN aCSwotg) = A%*Stg + loo tg C8) + 6 ced Cm #8.5) by 3B ko ea W9a8kg + 04214 g | S = Abt-cogi ky -@ le®:ce NSU 0542 CARH OES g) C= B43.En9 bg Coycted_ ye d)GACH H toe ws M6 unter evapotedy aa riparian | Tor_fead), the entewny Fe he | - Come 08 Hh _quetinn LCV racer eat | eases coeoig) = stg Ds eee ea eee Fahy Hoey oe ao nsu kg 2 60680 S$ +e C = svg -00680S —O = wy + 0 He eee linkg Hhky 0.9320 “gs = 426-458 bg —O_ US¥4g — web CHD’ FSB hg> _Conggted_yed ) - Trang = 28 = Id6-85°C Eee otf | oe Tray 2TOR = —3uSee Bice stop =~ EX WP EI/tg, pee _ blse2mk = 3a : __tathalyy Fe regertve of eat _gourtom , | eheote Se Try, = — Ste | BO we + 2 | =tua aio? blk > Fo) ~o.08H Eslty WK ue ge CHB fig 2 JCs00 tg) (Owe kafieg dCquounce — SURAMFA BINT MD TAH Dateroe Xo sR tate _avareen 106) Tsuggest boleh crytatoer op 4.or can ao cottel ant cyrtaicn The equipment He HZ ____uied the costing proweec bat _negGlye the eunperctton Seco promaaautrect) preskact _______8_tluily samt _or 50, tee) uted bokeh _Cigtallot > The ayipment Ae van save tire, HH ailte yeld hgh prdust> Sme by Irabrg t wm small sale ¢ better | + I }——_——— -eee ee ee Datesony a i: Sil ae aon >)| i i mene Vy 2 PS byl, cae = | Pe Ss ee B= 300 tg/h | Ty > Eh Yo Feng 190 - a ee “Feed_theom Moe Ne the : _ sen PS ROE Te Es Ma = 1eeofay Mn + Wty ; | Be = 05 C000 g/hn) =F a= ae kg fh eae ee > a Moy = Noxy + bode lest Ee >2nokafh My = Webby ih (@ + AOg/e Cod) Xmq = 0'313 = 06 tgh — = 04130 ™ 2300 bg lin Nu = 8 MW Cay, Nan) > MC o 2918 ,0-9120) Se ee kt 3 we M—h Vy = 220 byfh = So by lh =z [rated on te geok he cemnpstion of Vy os my 2883 and at ty, y= OBS yNo: Date: Ceesuy /oter-2018 ATuePAY/ PEON [Test 2 CopeeCTON. ae Querion 1) (| _S00 kg bet Solutwn Bails), fiom an evapsetoy ube Gutsy BB by Bachldsds /Isby Wo | end cveoge beat copanty 1G ta/kg*C ded fom WK fe FAK mo scrap wfale aytatoes retailing of He tata optamed 8:6 by Ba ciH0s2s /leokg tbo = KD petermme the yreld of cayttals fF Sk of ‘tal feed silutrons evnportet - CSin) i. a {i Ta a caning pote at tengerture SOF je stubirhy ef Eatin), suuten redutd to | F2_ty Ballads /tno eg eo neimme the yee of ayftat and haat requied ¢q> if tere ¢ —____|_® eamporstinn court. The heat of Sauter at Ye fonpemtne we ~oid eto” fae - GOm) C0 CD | Fefemnaton : eee Pe com ty Bicnods Jute | Erappaity ge Bie ty Baths “eo xy = 09208 ee - toy he Xe > 6D __|We _Batitos), dewle ar A and Mo aw 8, ti Mog = tg = i bgt thy 2okgt looky —___|fir brany_gytten, 222 = 1, Heelpe te t%e = wet 2p = \-zq = 102308 = FAD : tof B fom Baths. luton (Fed) W = 085 we F W = 005 (orteasSe0 fy) pu Wo = 1998 by Matera! Balonve Batons on A x oegow CSeoeg) = OW BS ty (8) 4 | OD 100+ 8.5 Fa MS tg = OoWBas FC C= NStky - Ow4gIS —O ‘Step by Step”No: Date: Oe Bi kg = IDBhg + OVOItS 88 Bey ort Bs auvttte @ wn © + C= uObhy ~ootg2 CUES tg) B36 kg COrgtat yreld ) Kip thee © no wntey evapenied , Feal =St0 kg aq, = 02808 %q = OAL 5 Belen co & | OWAD Corea) = MDS iy tDTEeTE + OC af fer feod erlang _ompitien « the sne og mM aca Tualeral Balance » - Balan on A: Oamigcsxotg) = retteseg @ + 1C2) NSH ty = OoeBOS te He si C= UStkg -owt8os —© __[ativivle @ tip @ + ¢ = UsHey —ocee Cuno ig) ac C= 845. 35 kg ‘ oe ee a eee . -eH M10" beg a ST = 38k -2Hk = Nok Brthalay, = Fepayre Date: CHENG, [04-54-2018 | SUED /Pevicwwny ITEST2, CoeeeCtion, SARE ep Aces AT elie Shines aeebese ded se = S00 by CHG based Cuoed CGE) = 2299000 EY Co ae He = CE I9 wip? tathg) CR 28S by) Hy = -BHSeAS IS) ES heat tequied 4) yf tree IS Mo empraton occur a ray a a2 He* Wy —tte | qe ~sweao.c0S |S + OFT - AM OOO q.2_~283%29.53 FS = Sep by Step”Gucsttn | gw “We Compony nade tp produit 4 phenmmeutal yrduel with gud yield and leis prductn ‘ite. Sunpct one ety one “URC of NAO _Coytelict, ty _athutee dag gyevines (Smad:No: Date: CHESUY/oFCH MIG / SFUEDAY /pOnON / Test, 3 aePECTON ~ Gourlon 2 GD) OL et fe enkacled fom mech by meant of aura? uy a ge sage tehmetwr. 0 alee foo 7 phar of frat stlvant csnkame Woo tyr cutttone Te amount of aid meal to be chanted [280 Fgh uch cortams 20 hh of otk Wnt enemy coutont af aig akd/tg alutrin Gaevle He amounts and conenternin of the stream leaving priate equitinium degen vided on Ferm t+ fach farm) wrth yur antuer chek. Cemarie- = = Noa a333 op — ee RS B = oo toh acs neath 2a eee " Teiet__Batonee - MsWrle FHP DEANS es et Ses tess cee PER oft M = 2206 kg/h, Z pees Pasi Gonponent Balonte Sseee alg NS Let, (2300 bal) an = Leo bathe CoD * Aho} oS Nm = 8 = 206 tylh = 0-4130 M dB tal M Cxm,Nm) > I Co2AIB, 09130) 7 B= owtglh = 10So talh 1 - Lal 2 bald =a baAttge N= MW by = S800tgh ~loe igh © 1250 boll yg 7 10_boy a [| 9846 keg | Batted on tho Ferm 1 tre ampaatnn op tte Ww eS ae Shen Ae FuCuyo, Me) = be ( t-00 ,2.2333) Step by Step”No: Date: Guotion 20] site Hee C2) _typeal applications of leachmg inteclurry (Gm) | @ Betactn_of gain orl som_palm fet cr palm joi. 0D _Betaoton of syphenn ol fm Sapbean « soon led Betas of suftower oll frm sunftower seed Stop by Step”CONFIDENTIAL i=l c= EHIJUN 2018/CHES44 =| By) ba UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : SEPARATION PROCESSES COURSE CODE (CHES44 EXAMINATION JUNE 2018 TIME : 3HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES, A 2 This question paper consists of five (5) questions. ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigiator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of : the Question Paper a three — page Form an Answer Booklet ~ provided by the Faculty Attach ALL Forms in your Answer Booklet. ‘Answer ALL questions in English. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 3 printed pages © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 2 EHIJUN 2018/CHES44 QUESTION 1 (P02, C03, C3, C6) A distilation column operating at 1 atm is to be designed for separating an ethanol- water mixture. The feed consists of 20 mol% ethanol and the feed flow rate are 1000 kgmoth of saturated liquid. A distillate composition of 80 mol% ethanol and a bottoms composition of 2 mol% ethanol is desired. The reflux ratio is 1.67. Determine the amount of distillate’ bottoms; the number of theoretical dedye needed and the position of entry for the feed7he equilibrium data for ethanol-water is given in Form 1. Attach Form 1 with your answer booklet. (17 marks) In designing the distilation column, refiux ratio is one of the important operating parameter that will provide the desired separation effect. If the reflux ratio is increased for the same process in (a), evaluate the impacts on the economic. Justify your answer. (8 marks) QUESTION 2 (P02, CO3, C6, C3) Compared to distillation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) processes have the disadvantage ‘since a new component is added to the system. This leads to additional impurities and subsequent separation process is required to regenerate the solvent. However, there are several situations in which LLE is advantageous. Summarize in which conditions LLE is preferable, (8 marks) (se kg of an aqueous solution containing 50 wt% acetone is contacted with 800 kg of \Z/ chlorobenzene containing 0.5 wt% acetone in a mixer settler unit followed by separation often i | eines pfs’ The ext penseniation| nthe eueous( tase contains 24 wt%vacetone. Determine the amounts and cpmpositichs of the extract and raffinate streams and the fraction of acetone extracted” Equilibrium data are given in Form 2. Show your answer with appropriate tie line. Attach Form 2 with your answer booklet. (17 marks) QUESTION 3 (P01, CO2, C3) Coconut oil is to be produced in a counter-current extraction process. The feed rate is 100 kg of fresh coconut contains 25 wt% cil. In the extraction operation, it is desired to recover 95% of the oil, The final exit overflow solution contains 55 wt% oil. If fresh solvent is used and 1 kg of solution with every 2 kg of insoluble solid is removed with the underflow, calculate the amounts/and compositions of overflow and underflow streams and the number of ideal stages required. Use diagram provided in Form 3. Attach Form 3 with your answer booklet (20 marks) * 7 © Hak Cipta Uni aS CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 3 EHIJUN 2018/CHES44 QUESTION 4 (PO4, CO1, C2) } Separations using membrane are becoming increasingly important in the process industries. Identify any three (3) types of membrane classifications used in health and medical industries. (3 marks) b) In a membrane process, high pressure feed gas is supplied to one side of the membrane and permeates flow normal to other side of the membrane. With aid of diagram, explain the ideal flow patterns in a membrane separator for gases. (12 marks) QUESTION 5 (P01, CO1, C2) Crystallization refers to the formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution. For crystallization to take place, a solution must be supersaturated. Producing salt crystals from water-salt solution is a simple example that show the crystallization process. Based on the example given, define supersaturation and elaborate two (2) mechanisms of crystallization. (15 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hok Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALLESSON PLAN FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHE 544 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA. ‘SEPARATION PROCESS 7 7 PAGE I 1a 1.0 COURSE INFORMATION COURSE NAME, SEPARATION PROCESS COURSE CODE CHE $44 PROGRAM EH220 SEMESTER 4 CREDIT HOURS 3.0 CONTACT HOURS 4.0 COURSE STATUS CORE PRE-REQUISITE :. NIE 2.0 SYNOPSIS This subject introduces the students to one of the fundamental knowledge that the students must acquire in separation theory with respect to mass transfer principles in various unit operation i.e distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching, membrane separation and erystallization, 3.0 OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this module, students should be able to: L Describe various types of unit operations based on mass transfer principles. 2. Apply and evaluate chemical engineering calculations in various unit operations. 40 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Lectures and Tutorial Lecture Tutorial 3 hours/week Thour/weekLESSON PLAN FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHE 544, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SEPARATION PROCESS PAGE a 1 5.0 LESSON PLAN WK [DURATION (CHAPTER/CONTENT ACTIVITIES 13 1.0 Distillation 1.1 Definition and general description of the process 1.2 Physical concepts of distillation Y 1.3. Vapour-liquid equilibrium relationship LA Relative volatility ~ 1.5 Batch distillation LS.L Rayleigh equ: 1.6 Continuous distillation 7 1.6.L Definition and description of process 1.6.2 Reflux 1.6.3 Calculation of theoretical stages using: MeCabe-Thiele method and Lewis-Sorel method 1.6.4 Overall plate efficiency and | Minimum reflux ratio: 7) Azeotropic distillation 1.7.1 Azeotropic mixtures | 1.7.2. Distillation of azeotrapic mixtures 1.8 Multicomponent distillation (MCD)/ 1.8.1 Introduction and Phase equilibria 1.8.2 Fractionation of multi component mixtures | 2.0 Liquid-Liquid Extraction 2.1 Definition and application / 2.2. Solvent selectivity Phase diagrams V/ Vi) 24 Single-stage calculation ~ | 2.5. Multi-stage countercurrent system, | 2.5.1 Temary phase diagram | 2.5.2 Graphical method- mass balance | 2.6 Liquid-liquid extraction equipment Briefing of the course objectives and lesson plan, Lecture Tutorial Lecture Tutorial Test 1 Chapter 1-2LESSON PLAN FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHE 544 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SEPARATION PROCESS PAGE 3/4 WK [DURATION CHAPTER/ICONTENT “| ACTIVITIES 5 Syame whee? 3.0 Leaching «5 Lecture 3.1 Definition and application Tutorial 3.2 Principles of continuous 89 2 countercurrent leaching 3.3 Single-stage calculation 3.4 Multi-stage countercurrent system 3.5. Leaching equipment | 4.0 Membrane Separation 4.1 Introduction and Types of Membrane | Separation Processes | Lecture 4.1.1Classification of Membrane} Tutorial Process 42. Liquid Permeation Membrane Processes or Dialysis 4.2.1 Series Resistance in Membrane Process 4.2.2 Dialysis Processes | 4.2.3 Types of Equipment for Dialysis lot 2 4.2.4 Hemodialysis in Antificial Kidney 4.3, Gas Permeation Membrane Processes 4.3.1 Series Resistance in Membrane | Process 4.3.2 Types of Membranes and Permeabilities for Separation of Gases, 4.3.3 Types of Equipment for Gas Permeation Membrane Processes | | 4.3.4 Introduction to Types of Flow in Gas Permeation i | "| 3.0 Crystallization 5.1 Introduction Lecture | SAL Crystallization Tutorial 12e14 2 5.1.2. Types of Crystals 5.2 Equilibrium Solubility in Group Crystallization AssignmentLESSON PLAN FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHE 544 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SEPARATION PROCESS PAGE 4/4 WK [DURATION CHAPTER/CONTENT ACTIVITIES 33 Yields and Mass Balance in Group Crystallization Presentation 5.4 Equipment For Crystallization 5.4.1 Scrap surface crystallizer 5.42. Circulating liquid Evaporator Crystallizer 5.5 Crystallization Theory 55.1 Nucleation Theory 552 Surface Area 553. Pore Size | 1 Test i ~ [Chapter 3-4 | 6.0 ASSESSMENTS: Final Examination > 60% Tests / Assignments > 40% 7.0 TEXTBOOK USED Geankoplis, C.J. (2003). Transport Processes and Separation Process Principle, 4% Edition. New York: Prentice Hall 8.0 REFERENCES 9.0 10.0 1. McCabe, L., Smith J.C. and Harriot, P. (2001) Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 6 Edition, New York: McGraw ~Hill 2. Coulson, M. and Richardson, IF. (1993). Chemical Engineering: Unit Operations, Vol. 2, 4 Edition. Oxford: Pergamon Press Seader, J.D. and Henley, E.J (1998). Separation Process Principles. New York: Wiley & Sons. 4. Treybal, E. (1990). Mass Transfer Operations, 4% Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill ADDITIONAL INFORMATION a) Attendance is compulsory. Students who fail to comply 80% of the attendance will be barred from taking the final exam. b) Absence from lecture, tutorial, test, presentation must be supported by legal documentation. ©) Consultation is by appointment. Wd) Any form of cheating and’ plagiarism in examinations, tests and assignments will be penalized. OTHER INFORMATION/DETAILS Marks will be deducted for late submission of assignment/report at the rate of 50 %% per week after the due date. weLESSON PLAN CHE 544 SEPARATION PROCESS FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAGE 4 PREPARED BY: ‘APPROVED BY: | SIGNATURE: SIGNATURE: NAME: DRSITI WAHIDAH PUASA POSITION: HEAD OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CENTRE op :Ul KALTHUM IBRAHIM POSITION : LECTURER NAME DATE 30auGUST 2016 __| 8 ijursteraan} urwieraan Kimia-sajd;puud Sujaeuidua pareja: pue je21way ul apapmouy jeo1U4r=1 yrdap-uI a4inb9" 0% Aung 90d suiajqoud Supaauiue xaydiio> Buypn/2ut anjos 03 vojeziieroads pue sjeiuawepuny BuaauiBua ‘oouatos payidde pue aiseq ‘sonewiayreU! jo aBpaymour Aldde pue Uap! 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Ifthe mixture has more A than B, its boiling temperature range becomes nearer to the boiling point of A, if the initial boiling temperature range become nearer to the boiling point of B. Plotting the boiling temperature range against the compositions of initial mixture for a particular binary mixtureCray /matong |e 2B | WEEE 2 Gus TtCe) met freenon of ne Map ag * Five separate regions — Liquid phase ~ beneath bubble point line where sub-cooled liquid mixture exists( liquid with temperature below bubble point) ~ bubble point is the temperature at which their vapor start bubbling up — Saturated liquid region ~ lies along the bubble point line ~ this region is where liquid mixture is just about to bubble its frst vapor bubble > Equilibrium yapor-liquid region ~ _ region enclosed between upper dew point and lower bubble point line where vapor and liquid coexist in dynamic phase equilibrium + important region in distillation ~ Saturated vapor region ~ _ along dew point line( the point at which condensation is about to occur) -> Superheated vapor region = along dew point line Equilibrium C. mot Rechion = bet rene in ty . mol Rechen leurecs fh Gyre plas Cu)” -SHAPTER 1 NOTE1 VAPOR - LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION ~ The phase transformation processes from liquid to gas or vapor phase VOLATILITY — The tendency of liquid to change form to gas VAPOR — LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF AN ORDINARY BINARY LIQUID MIXTURE A binary liquid mixture — consist of two different liquids. Can be classified into homogeneous mixtures or non — homogeneous (heterogeneous) mixtures. Low boiler liquid (A) — liquid that vaporized easily (low boiling point or high vapor pressure) High boiler liquid (B) — liquid which have higher boiling point or low vapor pressure Homogeneous mixtures — mix at all proportion resulting in one continuous phase e Heterogeneous mixtures ~ do not mix uniformly resulting in more than one distinct phases. f Equilibrium curve — shows the relationship between composition of residual liquid and vapor that are in dynamic phase equilibrium. This curve will be very useful in calculations to predict the number of the ideal stages required for a specified distillation process.eve say] mane [wee > 1 190022018 = CHAPTER 4 NOTE 4 * Equilibrium mole fraction of A in vapor is larger than mole fraction of A in liquid phase. This is expected since that A has lower boiling point than B, A would vaporize more than B. ces clone PREDICTION OF VAPOR — LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSTIONS FOR ORDINARY BINARY MIXTURES + Raoult’s Law for ideal solution & Dalton's Law of partial pressure can be manipulated in order to calculate compositions of liquid and vapor, which are in equilibrium, Raoult’s Law - the partial pressure of a component in the vapor phase is equal to the mole fraction of the component in the liquid multiplied by its pure if lng ~Feledive okay hy neste haw bro vapor pressure at that temperature. tier Petnne dette than & ) eA = relotive Weis) to mei ee P ores sth tempattine where PB, = partial pressure of A in vapor phase a PR X, = mole fraction of A in liquid phase P = vapor pressure of A at that temperature * For a mixture of the different gases inside a close container, Dalton's law stated that the resultant total pressure of the container is the summation of partial pressures of each of all the gases that make up the gas mixture. Lauatty Vat — serdont opie PERO f Ma keh bea See 5 Pr=PatPe 7 Cre Km Pe + Cima jPg T=Xpn: Pn + xg- Ce + Dalton also stated that the partial pressure of gas (P,)i8: 5.4 =(0;~Pa) end ed vanes with Pa — Pee Pas¥a-Pr 5 Teneo, we Peak | Da = PAL Cica-Pa)CHAPTER 1 NOTE 1 where P, = partial pressure of A in vapor phase Yq = mole fraction of A in vapor phase P, = Total pressure of the system RELATIVE VOLATILITY OF A MIXTURE 2 Separations of components by distillation process depend on the differences in volatilities of components that make up the solution to be distilled. © The greater difference in their volatility, the better is separation by heating (distillation).. Conversely if their volatility differ only slightly, the separation by heating becomes difficult. Equilibrium diagram for n-heptane n-octane mixture at 101.3 kPa 10 oan | 0.80 Ya 40 0.20 0.00 7 0.00 020 040 0.60 ogo 1.00 me * In figure abaye, the greater the distance between the equilibrium line and the 45° line, the greater the difference between the vapor composition y, and a liquid composition x, . Separation is more easily made. + Anumerical measure of 'how easy’ separation — relative volatility, ogCHESEG] Beaz 201g MONDAY fee CHAPTER 1 NOTEt Relative volatility, 0... - ratio of the concentration of A in the vapor to the concentration of A in the liquid divided by the ratio of the concentration B in ‘the vapor to the concentration of B in the liquid. Ya. xe a De 4g - relative volatility of A with respect to B in the binary system. Ifthe system obeys Raoult’s Law for an ideal system: ae ~ Paka y, Poke PAM Ye P, Py ee *~1+(@-1x, * Separation is possible for .,,> 1.0 For non ~ ideal solution, the values of a.,., change with temperature. For ideal solution, the values of a.,,doesn't change with temperature. For a solution that approaches ideal solution, its a, would fairly constant. wot IPR alee Leth Energon, 11084, Bk ame feat gar / 1094 ( iaead celuton 1 Oey, sa oy Tian Hie tetayre Sunt cnhit eingeral Than Compas Cabvtatep ir neces Felmaban den Tes dretuacton cb Qyngn Seba oy Sambo. Manus bonyak Keren, fe Mle mmo wan Tels, Faaycter {fit ma clued centers GN Liquid Moctre i frrad by maung Ae avkeptene cind P-actere a 8 ateant Preore of am. CH01% eto) : Dlaleatote tHe cali coonpait of vop §Lmysd (*Pryp). Les ug GOA a bales, pat sheerme for We Syttomn (8) Plat am CRublanarn CAVE fw fe Geter « (8 on, TeED [ieee | none oa ee ne oa] A = l ie tong 334 Tio aq 0.8255 a Bob oo OseNCR 380 Ey, om Gs 383 Wen 43,0 0.3800 386 18 F34 oe ag Te BB pee ened aan Wisk wr 398 Tas ae SrSeRT a 2a, = wus, ° 4Hesse \CHAPTER 1 NOTE 2 (D SIMPLE BATCH DISTILLATION ~fategis rats» ¥ Simple batch distillation which is also known as differential distillation refer to a batch distillation in which only one vaporization stage (or one exposed liquid surface) is involved, % Simple batch distillation is done by boiling a liquid mixture in a steam- jacketed-kettle (pot) and the vapor generated is withdrawn and condensed (distillate) as fast as it forms so that the vapor and the liquid do not have sufficient time to reach its equilibrium. 44 The first portion of vapor condensed will be richest in the more volatile component A. As the vaporization proceeds, the vaporized product becomes leaner in A. Raleigh equation for ideal and non ~ ideal mixtures. 8 Consider a typical differential distillation at an instant time, ty as shown below: as 2 Steam jacket LP>>, Condenser Steam in 0 d Disillte Kstate Chee Jaqw fane) Where L_ = number of moles of liquid-mixture in the pot x = mol fraction of a more — volatile component (component A) dx = infinitesimal change of mol fraction of A~ Eq, (5) 1 1) | ‘4 Equation 5 known as simplified Raleigh equation for simple batch distillation which applicable for ideal solution. Note: Lys ne of Mele, of Lina Wynd mature tou teanary A abl B&B at itn 44 by ny of mole oft Lomperent Ain ky ah tin 4, ge of mrrot ec pons Bin ly A tae t “CHESHY/ 14.08.2019 [ WEPNESDPY (MERC CHAPTER 1 NOTE2 SIMPLE DISTILLATION METHOD {DISTILLATION ~ Method for separating the various components of a Miquid solution which depends upon the distribution of these components between a vapor phase and a liquid phase. ae Srgte Bartel Detilarn | trgle stuge betiletivn Cocaepecr. —~ FLASH (EQUILIBRIUM) DISTILLATION —™¥) ais % Flash distillation — a single stage process because it has only one vaporization stage (means one liquid phase is exposed to one vapor phase. Flash distillation is done by vaporizing a definite fraction of a liquid midture in | such a way that the evolved vapor is in equilibrium with the residual liquid. | 33 The equilibrium vapor is then separated from the equilibrium residual liquid by condensing the vapor. | & Flash distillation can be either by batch or continuous. ‘¥ molesh equilibriem vapor y* is the equilibrium mot fraction of ‘Ain the vapor | F moles/h liquid mixture feed | xe is the initial mol fraction of Ain food L, liquid Expansion valve | i Separator + Steam in Condensate a tat Potton of eta a ‘pe poe detest Lmoles/h equilibrium residual liquid ae _ + xtis the equilibrium mol fraction of A in the residual fiquid ha < 2} “! fa fied 2s" gue 41: A typical flow chart of a continuous flash distillation Wow _Botowee aS la mex Liees ceeaeenert Taal Rte 2 Fo VEL pereramet beet Compan Calerga > ye tLe gt more] Let byt bad att, ‘thon 5 3) met alae = 5° ty -vy J E F = Fpeabon that 1 Vogennec He ae = houtn Tret if Bt appendCHAPTER 1 NOTE 2 38 As illustrated in Figure 1, a liquid mixture feed, with initial mole fraction of A at xp, is pre-heated by a heater and its pressure is ‘then reduced by an expansion valve. At lower pressure, the hot liquid will boil at lower temperature inside a separator drum. In contrast to that of a simple batch distillation, the evolved vapor is allowed to attain equilibrium with remaining liquid inside the flash drum (separator). Now we are interested to predict the composition (x* and y*) of these vapor and liquid that are in equilibrium with each other. Prediction of an equilibrium composition of vapor and liquid for a flash ion of an ordinary binary mixture. % Consider a binary liquid mixture which is to be separated by a flash distillation process as shown in Figure 1. Binary is composed of two components; A as low boiler (more volatile) and B as a high boiler. § When-the system has attained its equilibrium, we can write a material balance for the system: Total mass balance: FeV+b Mass balance on more volatile component (A): Fx, =y"V4+x*L * denote ‘at state of equilibrium Xp ay hex + Eq. (1) “Assign f to denote fraction of the feed which has been vaporized. fis defined mathematically as:warirer deny Jioy.s7.2a9/ Wot. L CHEASTICHAPTER 4 8 And substituting fin the total mass balance: F- Vel tetet E 3 Substituting Eq. 2 into Eq. (1) to obtain: xpaytiext (tf) NoTE2 VoL tEtE govt > Eq. (2) > Ea. (3) 38 Eq, (3) called operating line equation (y = mx + c) for a flash distillation process. 3 Since x and f do not change throughout the process, only y* and x* are the variables, A straight line with a negative slope should be obtained from the operating line. The line gives all locus point (x*, y*) that satisfy the operating fine. ae os ip Shtthay any vate of at hk gut Bee area ce gh vet dpb mg iit Jae Caposing tat) ~ = Bee oe antes tein Ysa eC car - \ Ms ins St ui tor I sg Batam curve ae ere pm eguitorn xh thane i %. ebb fie Er vincein 204g cqutteson. | * —- Figure 2.2: Graphical method to determine equilibrium compositions ina flash