Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BATE’s
1 of 3
**A scar of past thyroid surgery is often a clue to SIGNS IN THYROID GLAND
unsuspected thyroid disease
**Physical characteristics of the gland are important for
SIGNS IN LYMPH NODES the assessment of thyroid function but the diagnosis
Tonsillar nodes that pulsates is really the depends upon the COMBINATION of symptoms, signs
carotid artery and laboratory tests.
Enlargement of a supraclavicular node,
especially on the left possible metastasis A. Retrosternal thyroid gland is often not palpable:
from a thoracic or an abdominal malignancy Retrosternal Goiters can cause
Hard or fixed nodes malignancy o Hoarseness
Tender nodes inflammation o Shortness of breath
Generalized lymphadenopathy is seen in: o Stridor
o HIV or AIDS o Dysphagia
o Infectious mononucleosis Pemberton sign
o Lymphoma o Flushing during neck hyperextension
o Leukemia and arm elevation due to
o Sarcoidosis compression of the thoracic inlet
from the gland itself or from
**Masses in the neck may push the trachea to one side clavicular movement
TRACHEAL DEVIATION and may denote:
o Mediastinal mass B. Soft Thyroid Graves’ disease
o Atelectasis C. Firm Thyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and
o Large pneumothorax malignancy
D. Tenderness thyroiditis
TANGENTIAL LIGHTING IS USED DURING E. Localized or continuous bruit hyperthyroidism
INSPECTION OF THE NECK
THYROID ENLARGEMENT AND FUNCTION
Upon swallowing the thyroid cartilage,
cricoid cartilage and the thyroid gland all rise
1. Diffuse enlargement
and then fall to their resting position
Includes the isthmus and
Palpate afterwards to confirm your visual
lateral lobes
observation
No discretely PALPABLE
Palpate the thyroid gland
nodules
o Landmarks would be the thyroid
Causes:
cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Graves’ dx
Palpate the thyroid Isthmus
Hashimoto’s thyroidits
Endemic goiter
GOITER
2. Single nodule
Enlargement of the thyroid gland to twice its
May be cyst, a benign
normal size
tumor, or one nodule
May be:
within multinodular
o Simple
gland
o Without nodules
Raises the question of
o Multinodular
malignancy
USUALLY EUTHYROID
Risk factors:
Prior irradiation
Hardness
Rapid growth
Fixation to surrounding tissues
Enlarged cervical nodes
Occurrence in men
3. Multinodular Goiter
Enlarged thyroid gland
Thyroid gland should be described as to:
with two or more nodules
Size
suggests a metabolic
Shape
rather than a neoplastic
Symmetry
process
Consistency
Risk factor for malignancy:
Presence of nodule
Positive family history
Tenderness
Continuing nodular
Bruit (auscultation)
enlargement
BATE’s
2 of 3
**Remember that a hypothyroid patient may also
present an enlarged thyroid gland
BATE’s
3 of 3