T-Beams

Page 1 of 12
 Strictly rectangular beams are uncommon in reinforced concrete. T-Beams are more
suitable than rectangular beams. There are two types of T-Beams which are depending upon
the mode of casting. One of them is Monolithic T-Beam and another is Isolated T-Beam.

1. Monolithic T-Beams: A such type of beam which constructed by moulding a

rectangular beam and slab together. It looks like a rectangular beam supporting slab.

2. Isolated T-Beams: An Isolated T-Beam is such type of beam in which flange of T-

Beam not connected with the slab. In this type of beam T-Beam and slab didn’t cast
at same time.

Page 2 of 12
Notations for T-Beam:

cbc = Allowable stress in concrete in bending in compression in direct stress.

st = Allowable stress in steel in bending in tension in direct stress.

σsc = Allowable stress in steel in bending in compression in direct stress.

σy = Characteristic strength of steel.

σck = Characteristic strength of concrete.

Ast = Area of steel in tension zone.

ECC = effective concrete cover

CCC = clear concrete cover

Page 3 of 12
I.S: 456 Code Recommendations:

From IS: 456, (page no 37)

Effective Flange width for monolithic T-Beam

Effective Flange width for Isolated T-Beam

Page 4 of 12
To find depth of Neutral axis of T-Beam:
There are three cases arise:

1. N.A. may lie in Flange.

2. N.A. may lie in Rib.
3. N.A. may lie at junction of Flange and Rib.

Case 1. N.A. lies in Flange:

Area moment of compression zone = Area moment of tension zone

The above equation will give the value of Actual Neutral axis

Depth of critical Neutral Axis:

Compare Value of

If

If

If

Page 5 of 12
Case 2. N.A. lies in Rib:

There are two sub-cases arises,

Sub-case 1. We consider concrete of rib as active concrete along with Flange.

Sub-case 2. We consider only concrete of Flange as active concrete.

Depth of Actual NA for Sub-case 1.

Depth of Actual NA for Sub-case 2.

Depth of critical Neutral Axis:

Moment of resistance for sub-case 2:

If

If

If

Page 6 of 12
Liver arm of T-beam:

From geometry…

Similarly for stress diagram:

Page 7 of 12
Putting the value of

Case 3. N.A. lies at junction of flange and rib:

This case will be similar as case 1.

Page 8 of 12
Example 1: A T- beam section has a flange width of 100 cm, flange thickness of 12 cm, width
of web is 25 cm and effective depth of 45 cm. it is provided with a tension reinforcement of
area 4600 mm2. Find the moment of resistance using M20 concrete and Fe250 grade of steel.

[BNMU 2011 (A)]

Sol:

Given Data:

To find depth of actual NA (let us suppose NA to lie in Flange):

Page 9 of 12
⇒

Here

Now suppose NA lie in Web and concrete of web not considered.

To find depth of Critical NA:

To find Moment of Resistance (MR):

Page 10 of 12
CASE –II Suppose NA lies in rib and Rib compression also consider.

Determination of Actual NA:

Depth of Critical NA,

C1 = Compressive force taken by flange,

2
C2 = Compressive force taken by rib,

Page 11 of 12
Determination of depth of resultant forces:

Determination of MR:

Page 12 of 12