Study Guide Chapters 1- 4

•
4 early native group in North America
•
Paleo- 1
st
hunting group to come to NA (Nomadic)
•
Archaic – 8000 BCE Began trading, better spears, axes, agriculture.
•
Woodland- 1000 BCE, tied to land, less hunting, Belief system,rituals to dead
•
Mississippian (Cahokian) – attributes from woodland, interaction w/other tribes, knowledge of
growing corn, large caring capacity.
•
Caring Capacity- how many people a civilization can support.
•
Conquistadors
•
Hernando Cortes – Aztecs
•
Franciso Pizzaro – Incas
•
European Native interaction
•
Europeans unable to see cultural differences between tribes.
•
Considered them to be pagans
•
“blood thirsty savages”
➢
Reasons of Migration to the Americas
•
Viewed as garden of Eden
•
Aristocratic impulse

Primogeniture – 1
st
son gets everything , younger onesenvision selves living as English lords, dislike work, royalcharter- gave
feudal rights
•
Best Poor Man’s Country

In England high rent & low wages

Promise of cheap land and high wages in America

Redemptioner- German, Swiss immigrants moved as familiespaid for upon arrival pay back as work, horrible
conditions14 hrs/day, 6 days / week
♦
Right to be whipped, trade contracts, if ran away yearsadded to service
♦
Often not lived through
•
Involuntary

Kidnapped

His majesty’s 7 years guest – convicts got choice betweendeath or work in new world

Slavery , triangular trade

•
Religious Haven

Old world did not have religious freedom for all

♦
Calvinism known for belief in predestination, foundedby John Calvin
♦
Puritan- wished to purify the Anglican Church
♦
Separatist – wished to separate from Anglican Church
♦
Antinomianism- under no obligation to obey law of ethics or morality if went against religion
♦
Congregationalist – system of church practice whereevery church congregation is independent (no
bishopspopes ect.)

Spanish
•
Forced to work on Spanish Encomicndas (similar to federal systemand Dutch Patroon system )
•
Mission system- Spanish system of setting up missionaries toconquer places
•
1
st
fort 1565 St.Augustine, Florida
•
Pueblo Revolt- 1680 August 15 Pope marched with army named self dictator, destroyed all vestiges of
Catholicism
♦
Ruled as harsh dictator,
♦
After death Spanish retook settlement
•
Had tight control on economy

No foreign ships

No foreigner could sent items to New Spain

To buy from Spain had to go to Spain, prevent other countriesfrom taxing their items.

All trade had to go through one port

•
Spread catholic religion
•
Rigid social structure
•
Bartolome De las Casas believed treatment of the Indians wasunjust
•
New Laws of 1542 created to prevent the exploitation of the Indiansby Encomicndas
•
Forced integration w/ Indians

French
•
Transplanted feudalism, under direct control of king, small tradingoutpost
•
Jesuits there to “save soul”
•
Fur trapping for money

Ate up capital,

Coureurs de Bois – someone involved in the fur trade in NewFrance

•
Coexist w/ Indians peacefully

•
French Haiti much more prosperous then new France

English
•
London Virginia Co. &Plymouth Co.- English joint stock companyestablished by James I w/ purpose of
establishing colonialsettlements in North America
Walter Raleigh went to new world w/ Virginia stock Co.
•
“Salutary Neglect” Eng. Gov neglecting colonies, mercantilist laws notenforced
➢
Robert Walpole “let them grow up”
•
Many groups came from Eng. To NW seeking religious toleration
•
1
st
colony Roanoke
•
Separated selves from Indians, other relation w/ Indians poor

Pequot War 1636- power struggle between Natives andColonist, Dutch trader John Stone killed by
Natives Dutch nolonger trade w/ natives. English uses murder as advantagefor trading contract, made
natives agree to turn in the killers.Pequot raided settlement near Hartford, 1637 massacredPequot, ended by
treaty of Hartford, removed power of Pequot.

King Philip’s War

•
High Anglican Church- the party within the church that wished toretain many catholic practices & ceremonies that
puritans wish torid off
•
Chesapeake

Hide from Spanish

•
James town- 1
st
permanent Eng. settlement
➢
John Smith – major role in establishing Jamestown
➢
John Rolfe – “saved” Jamestown, created successful cultivationof tobacco
•
Mass. Bay Colony/ New England Colonies – 1630 Puritans cameseeking religious freedom

Close knit towns

➢
Anne Hutchinson- unauthorized Puritan minister, held biblemeetings, bold theologies, Gov felt
threatened by her, bannedher
➢
Roger Williams – believed in separation of church and state, co –founder of RI
John Winthrop “City on a hill”

NO sep. of church and state

♦
Could not vote if not church member

Backsliders – moral laps in religion

1650 Economic prosperity more important than church