EIA: Wind farm “Yacila” of 48

MW and electricity
transmission line of 60 kV
Paita, Piura, Perú

Celia Vasquez Samaniego

Gent, 2017
Location
It is located to the South of the city of Paita, near the
seashore, at less than a kilometer from the east of
the lslilla fishing creek and about 17 km south-east of
Puerto de Paita, in the district and province of Paita,
department of Piura, near La Caleta de la lslilla.

Part of the Transmission Line overlaps with the

Peasant Community of San Francisco de la Buena
Esperanza.

Region Province District

Piura Paita Paita

Access is via a non-motorized road that starts from a

detour, approximately at Km 5 of the asphalted road
from Paita - Yacila toward to the lslilla (route "Silla
del Diablo" 6 Km approximately).
 Screening: why was necessary an EIA?

In agreement with national

norms:
• According to the national
general law of energy and
the National System of
Environmental Impact Eva
luation, it is required an
EIA for electricity
generation installations, Wind farm Yacila
included wind farms. Potential zone for wind generated
electricity
Table N°1 Environmental regulations to be taken into account in the Law of the National System of
Project. Environmental Impact Evaluation (Law Nº 27446)
Electricity sub-sector regulation
• Chapter I General terms:
Safety, Health, and Environmental Management regulations
Article 4.- Categorization of projects according to environmental risk
1) D.S. N° 029-94-EM Regulation on public health and safety at work in electrical activities.
Maximum permissible limits for Liquid Effluents for Electric Power • 4.1 Any action included in the list of inclusion established by the Regulation, as provided in Article 2 of
2) R.D. N°008-97-EM/DGAA
Generation, Transmission and Distribution Activities. this Law, in respect of which environmental certification is requested, shall be Classified in one of the
3) R.M. N° 161-2007-MEM/DM Regulation of Safety and Health in the Work of Electrical Activities. following categories:

4) R.M. N° 223-2010-MEM/DM Citizen Participation in Electrical Activities guidelines.
Regulations on energy control:
11) Resolution of the Board of Regulation of Supervision of Energy and Mining Activities, approved by
Directors N° 228-2011
12) R.M. N° 176-99-EM/SG
Regulations on environmental performance and health:
Law N°28611
Law 28245
Law N° 27446
D.S.N°019-2009-MINAM
R.M.N°157-2011-MINAM
Law N°26821
Law N°27314
D.S.N°057-2004-PCM
Law 28256
D.S.N°074-2001-PCM
D.S.N°003-2008-MINAM
D.S.N°010-2005-PCM
D.S.N°002-2008-MINAM
D.S.N°023-2009-MINAM
Law N° 26842
Law N° 29338
R.M.N°510-2005-MINSA
Law 28551
Law 29783
• a) Category I - Environmental Impact Statement.- It includes those projects whose execution does not
cause significant negative environmental impacts.
• B) Category II - Environmental Impact Assessment (Semi detailed).- It includes projects whose execution
Resolution of the Directing Council No. 205-2009-OS-CD
can lead to moderate environmental impacts and whose negative effects can be eliminated or minimized
Scale of fines and penalties that Osinerg will apply for infractions to
the Laws of Electric Concessions and Organic Hydrocarbons and other through the adoption of easily applicable measures. Projects in this category will require a detailed
complementary norms. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA-d).
• C) Category III - Environmental Impact Assessment (Detailed).- It includes those projects whose
General Environmental Law
The Legal Framework for the National Environmental Management
characteristics, size and / or location, can produce significant negative environmental impacts,
System and Regulation quantitatively or qualitatively, requiring an in-depth analysis to review their impacts and propose the
Regulation of the Law of the National Environmental Impact environmental management strategy corresponding. Projects in this category will require a detailed
Assessment System Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA-d).
First update of the inclusion list of investment projects subject to the
National Environmental Impact Assessment system.
Organic Law for the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
General law on solid waste
Regulation of the General Law on Solid Waste
Law regulating of hazardous materials and waste transport
Environmental studies for projects of electricity activities.
Regulation of National Environmental Quality Standards for air
Approval of environmental quality standards for air • Rural Electrification Projects (Rural Electrical Systems) that cover two or more regions.
Regulation of national environmental quality standards for noise
Standards of environmental quality for non-ionizing radiation. • Electricity Generation with Renewable Energy (Hydroelectric, solar, EOLICA, geothermal and others) and
National standars of Environmental Quality for water thermoelectric - Power Plants with power greater than 20MW.
Provisions for the implementation of the National Standards of
Environmental Quality (ECA) for water • Transmission (National Transmission Lines).
General health law
Law on water resources and its regulations
• Electrical Distribution greater than or equal to 30MW.
Occupational Health Manual
Law that establishes the obligation to prepare and submit contingency
plans
Regulations of the law No. 29783, Occupational Safety and Health
Area of affected zone:

Direct Area

Indirect Area
 Area of affected zone:
Table N°2 Directly affected zone
Type Definition Description
The components of the wind farm Yacila (wind turbines, platforms, access routes to the wind turbine Table N°3 Indirectly affected zone
Components towers, internal electrical lines and substation), it will occupy an area of 1403.7 Ha.
Technical and physical Type Definition Description
criteria characteristics of t
he project A strip is considered around the project site:
Electricity transmission line of 60 kV with a total length of 20 km with an easement strip of 16 m. Physical
Technical 300 m around the polygonal of the wind farm
Construction: location of the
criteria
project
100 m on both sides of the easement strip of the transmission
The impacts on flora and fauna by soil intervention for the purpose of installing the temporary and
line
permanent construction facilities (self-generators and other facilities) of the wind power plant within
1403 ha and Transmission Line (20km x 16m). Construction:

The construction of the wind farm will affect the existing transmission line Paita-La Islilla that crosses
the project area, which will have to be modified in a section of about 6.3 km. Islilla town benefits from the project because labor force,
construction materials and some services will be taken from the
Operation:
sector as far as they are available.

Operation:
Likely direct The most relevant potential environmental impacts are the increase in environmental noise and visual
Environmental Likely indirect
environmental Environment
criteria impact caused by the presence and operation of large wind turbines considering that a wind turbine environmental Some services required for the maintenance of the project will
impacts al criteria
has a sound power of approximately 106 dB, according to preliminary theoretical calculations of a impacts be taken from the town "La Islilla".
hemispheric noise irradiation, in which, at a distance of 250 m, the noise level would reach 50 dB.

The nearest town to the project is La caleta de la Islilla which distant 2.6 km in a straight line from the The population of La Islilla will benefit from the project's
nearest projected wind turbine. Therefore, the noise from the wind turbines would not affect the town. contribution to the municipality by taxes, which will be allocated
However, the critical receivers are the operation and maintenance personnel of the wind power plant to works and activities for the good of the community.
itself.
La Islilla will benefit from the social support measures that the
Since La caleta de la Islilla is at a lower level than the project (approx. 100m) and distant 2.6 km, it project will implement in the construction and operation stages.
would not be affected by the visual interference of the wind turbines. In any case, the potentially
affected visual receptors would be people traveling along the Paita-La Islilla road near the project area,
which will be evaluated in the EIA.
 scoping
Current conditions

• Land of 1 551,84 Ha
(effective cover almost
20%)
• Soil: Incipient (not for
housing)
• Dry forest ecosystem
• No critical habitats.

Site appearance
 Project’s objectives
Location and distribution of turbines
according to the project
Change of land use:
Wind farm of 48 MW (It is expected to generate an annual
production of 188 GWh / year approximately)
Generated energy will be discharged to the 60 KV system and
sold to the National Interconnected Electric System (SEIN) to
improve the supply chain of the public distribution system.
Appropriate and efficient use of resources.
Identifying mitigations for potential impacts.
Project:
• Number of wind turbines: 21
• Nominal design wind speed: 8.5 m/s
• Rotor diameter: 101 m
• Tower height: 80 m
• Level of tension: 60 kV
• Powerline: 1x60 kV
• Power Line Length: 20 km
• Investment: US$ 131 millions
• Useful life: 30 years
IMPACTING ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT:
Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment

Recruitment of temporary labor (C/01) Operation of the wind farm (O/01) Recruitment of temporary labor (A/01)

Dismantling and removal od infrastructure

Purchase of goods and contracting services (C/02)
Installation and operation of tasks and work fronts (C/03)
Transport of personnel (C/04)
Transportation of materials, supplies and equipment (C/05)
Generation and transmission of energy (O/02)
(A/02)
Scheduled and emergency maintenance of
Closing and closure of the installations (A/03)
wind turbines (O/03)
Maintenance of the Substation and Switching Restoring the vegetation and landscape
Substation (O/04) recomposition (A/04)
Operation of the electric transmission line
1x60 kV and S/E (O/05)

Access ways and platforms for the assembly of equipment (C/06)

Construction of wind turbine foundations (C/07)

Assembly of equipment and structures (C/08)

Construction of electrical interconnection line between wind turbines (C/09)

Construction of Elevating Substation (SIE) and Switching Substation (C/10)

Construction and installation of electric transmission line 1x60 kV (C/11)

Connection and energizing tests (C/12)

Disarmament and removal of temporary facilities (C/13)

Cleaning and general restoration of the land (C/14)

Factors with Potential impacts
Table N°4 Environmental elements of the project

Environmental component Category Factors

Soil quality
Soil Morphology of the land
Land use
Physical and chemical Water drainage
Water
characteristics Water quality
Air Quality
Atmosphere Noise
Non-ionizing radiation
Flora Trees and shrubs
Biological conditions Wildlife Terrestrial animals
Fauna
Birds
Scenic and panoramic view
Esthetics and Human Interest Landscape
Archaeological sites and remains
Health and safety of people
job
Cultural Factors
Cultural status Education
Economy
Community relations
Electrical network
Infrastructure
Transport network

Other Energy resources Fuels

 Matrix with Potential impacts (construction phase) X: negative impact; X :positive impact
Activities Results
Environmental
Component Factor Negative Positive
component C/01 C/02 C/03 C/04 C/05 C/06 C/07 C/08 C/09 C/10 C/11 C/12 C/13 C/14
total total
Soil quality X X X X X X 6 0
Soil Land morphology X X X X X X 6 0
Land use X X X X X X 6 0
Physical and chemical Water drainage X X X X X 5 0
Water
characteristics Water quality X X X X X 5 0
Air Quality X X X X X X X X X X X 11 0
Atmosphere Noise X X X X X X X X X X X 11 0
Non-ionizing radiation 0 0
Flora Trees and shrubs X X X X X X 6 0
Wildlife Terrestrial
Biological conditions X X X X X X 6 0
Fauna animals
Birds X 1 0
Scenic and panoramic
X X 2 0
view
Esthetics and Human
Landscape X X X X X X 6 0
Interest
Archaeological sites
0 0
and remains
Health and safety of
X X X X X X X X X X X 11 0
Cultural Factors people
job X 0 1
Cultural status
Education 0 0
Economy X 0 1
Community relations X X 2 0
Electrical network X 1 0
Infrastructure
Transport network X 1 0
Other Energy resources Fuels 0 0
Total 86 2
Percentage of negatives and positives 98% 2%
 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology
Modification of the Matrix of Leopold proposed by Vicente Conesa-Fernández in his book "Methodological guide for the evaluation of the environmental impact (2003)"
NATURE INTENSITY - I (Degree of affectation)
Valorization: Qualitative Positive impact +1 Low 1
Matrix: Matrix of impacts: columns (shocking Negative Impact Table N°-1 Media
7.23 Environmental Impacts Characteristics 2
actions) and rows (impacted factors). High 4
Very high 8
Total 12
EXTENSION-EX (Area of influence) MOMENT (MO) (Time of demonstration)
Specific 1 Long term 1
Partial 2 Medium Term 2
Extensive 4 Intermediate 4
Total 8 Critical (+4)
Critical (+4)
REVERSIBILITY (RV) (Positivity of reconstruction of the environmental
PERSISTENCE-PE (Permanence of effect)
factor)
Fleeting 1 Short term 1
Temporal 2 Medium Term 2
Permanente 4 Irreversible 4
SYNERGY-SI (Reinforcement of two or more impacts) ACCUMULATION-AC (Progressive increase of effect)
Without synergism (simple) 1 Simple 1
Importance (lM): Importance of the effect Importance Synergistic 2 Cumulative 4
Very Synergistic 4
of the effect of an action about environmental factor.
EFFECT-EF (Cause-effect relationship) Periodicity-PR (Manifestation of the effect)
IM <25: irrelevant impacts Indirect (Secondary) 1 Irregular or non-periodic and discontinuous 1
25 ≤ IM <50: moderate impacts Direct 4 Periodic 2
50 ≤ IM ≤ 75: severe impacts Continuous 4
LM> 75: critical impacts RECOVERABILITY-RC (Reconstruction by human means)
Recoverable immediately 1
Recoverable in the medium term 2 IMPORTANCE-IM: lM= +-(3I + 2EX + MO + PE + RV+ Sl + AC + EF + PR + RC)
Mitigable 4
Unrecoverable 8
 Results of the environmental impact assessment (example
during construction phase)
Table N° 5: Environmental Impacts Assessment of the Project - Construction Stage

negative
Positive
impacts

impacts
Activities

Total

Total
Environmental
Component Factor
component
C/01 C/02 C/03 C/04 C/05 C/06 C/07 C/08 C/09 C/10 C/11 C/12 C/13 C/14

Soil quality -19 -26 -20 -20 -17 -17 -119

Morphology of the
Soil -25 -40 -28 -28 -25 -25 -171
land
Land use -20 -31 -34 -34 -25 -27 -171

Physical and Water drainage -28 -25 -25 -23 -20 -122 Table N° 6: Classification of the impacts
chemical Water
characteristics Water quality -32 -22 -22 -17 -17 -110
Positive impacts Negative impacts
Stage
Air Quality -20 -22 -26 -35 -23 -22 -22 -20 -22 -20 -26 -258 Total Moderates Irrelevants Total Moderates Irrelevants
Construction 2 2 0 86 39 47
Atmosphere Noise -22 -21 -25 -28 -28 -24 -21 -19 -25 -22 -21 -256
Operation 11 9 3 17 10 7
Non-ionizing
radiation
Abandonment 3 3 0 7 2 5
Total 16 14 2 110 51 59
Flora Trees and shrubs -26 -32 -28 -28 -32 -32 -178
Biological Wildlife Terrestrial
-20 -26 -25 -22 -20 -22 -135
conditions animals
Fauna
Birds -20 -20 It is determined that the project will produce:14
Scenic and panoramic
-25 -28 -53
moderate positive impacts, 51 moderates negative
view
Esthetics and
Landscape -20 -29 -20 -22 -20 -20 -131 impacts and 59 irrelevant negative impacts in terms of
Human Interest
Archaeological sites
and remains
importance.
Health and safety of
-24 -24 -33 -27 -24 -26 -24 -24 -24 -24 -24 -278
Cultural Factors people
Cultural status
job 37 37 No Severe or Critical Impact has been included for not
Education
Economy 30 30
being found.
Community relations -20 -18 -38
Electrical network -27 -27
Infrastructure
Transport network -37 -37
Other Energy resources Fuels
Total positive impacts 37 30 67
Total negative impacts -20 -239 -43 -112 -368 -300 -98 -270 -242 -251 -24 -66 -71 -2104
 Environmental impacts
(Construcction stage) (Operation Stage) (Abandonment stage)
Activity Impacts
Machinery, personnel and services recruirment Employment, economic improvements, welfare.
Activity Impacts Activity Impacts
Ground motion
Recruitment of permanent
Soil Erosion Soil contamination by
services Job creation Waste management
Wastewater discharge residues
Pollution by emission of fugitive dust
Installation, operation and removal of work fronts Control Room Operation Soil contamination by waste water
Contamination by gases and noise of heavy vehicles
Noise pollution from generator, motor compressor and machinery Modification of runoff water drainage Dismantling of Emissions of noise, exhaust
Clearance of vegetation
Damage to workers' health due to exposure to gases, dust and noise. Operation of auto-generators Noise Generation electromechanical fumes and particles and
Ground motion Pollution by electromagnetic equipment and fugitive dust from vehicles
Soil Erosion
Land use
Operation of transmission lines radiation installations and heavy machinery.
Access routes Fugitive dust emissions
Local birdlife impact
Contamination by gases and noise of heavy vehicles
Clearance of vegetation Increase of 48 MW to installed
Noise emissions due to the
Damage to workers' health due to exposure to gases, dust and noise. generation capacity in the North of
Fugitive dust emissions dismantling of metal
Energy aspect Peru Demolition of civil works
Contamination by gases and noise of heavy vehicles structures and equipment,
Personnel, materials, supplies and equipment
Soil contamination Decreased use of fossil fuels in other
transportation substation-
Damage to workers' health due to exposure to gases, dust and noise. power plants
Temporary congestion of transportation route
Ground motion
Greater availability of fossil fuel for
Soil Erosion other uses Dismantling of
Modification of runoff water drainage
Fugitive dust emissions. Operation and maintenance electromechanical
Contamination by gases and noise of heavy vehicles.
activities Gas pollution and vehicle noise equipment and
Civil works (foundation, assembly, interconnection) Noise pollution from generator set, motor compressor and blasting
relating to wind turbines and electrical substation (vibration) Clearance of vegetation in park and installations
Clearing of vegetation
Health effects from
Species disturbance of the local fauna by constructive works transmission line exposure to noise, behalle
Visual impact
Impact on local birdlife Demolition of civil works flue gases, vibration.
Soil contamination
Damage to workers' health due to exposure to gases, dust and noise. Soil pollution Transportation of
Ground motion
Noise pollution from generator, motor compressor and machinery Air pollution equipment and materials
Construction of 1x60 kV electric transmission line
Clearance of vegetation
Damage to workers' health due to removed
Soil contamination
(leveling, foundation, installation and laying)
Visual impact
possible exposure to chemical agents,
Impact on local birdlife noise, electric and magnetic fields
Damage to the health of workers by exposure to gases, dust and noise.
Recruitment of machinery Employment, economic
Restoration of land Air pollution from exhaust emissions from vehicles and tools
Damage to the health of workers by and personnel improvements, welfare.
Pollution of air by emissions of vehicles. work in height
Waste management Waste pollution if they are not well managed and if they are arranged in
any place. Natural hazards
 Conclusions
 The implementation of the project will increase the supply of electricity at the national level, which will
meet the growing energy demand of Peru.

 The negative significant impacts will be reverted through mitigation.

 To mitigate and compensate for possible social negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts of the
project, a Community Relations Plan (PRC) has been proposed. The implementation of this PRC will be
fundamental to achieve a harmonious relationship between the project and the surrounding population.

 The project activities will have a potential environmental impact rated as irrelevant to moderate, if the
measures proposed in this EIA are taken into account.

 The project is considered as viable.

References
MINEM- Environmental Affairs for Energy (DGAAE) :
http://www.minem.gob.pe/_sector.php?idSector=2

EIA Wind farm “Yacila” of 48 MW and electricity transmission line of 60 kV