306 BOOK REVIEWS opinion have enriched the scope of the book, which was to offer a comprehensive historiography of interpretations of the AST. Saphinaz-Amal Naguib University of Oslo Andrew Glass, Four GandharT Samyuktagama Siitras (Senior Kharosthi Fragment 5). Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007, Gandharan Buddhist Texts 4.. In January 1995, I received a telephone call from Michael O'Keefe of the British Library, informing me that the Library had recently received a collection of Gandharan manuscripts which would be handed over to Professor Richard Salomon and a team at the Uni- versity of Washington in Seattle for study and publication. ‘A survey of the contents of this collection was published by Richard Salomon in 1999. Studies of individual texts have been published by Salomon (A Gandhari Version of the Rhinoceros Sutra, Gandharan Buddhist Texts 1) in 2000; Mark Allon (Three Gandhart Ekotiarikagama-Type Siiras, GBT 2) in 2001, and Timothy Lenz (A New Version of the Gandhart Dharmapada, GBT 3) in 2003. A study of the palaeography of the Kharostht manuscripts was made by Andrew Glass in an MA thesis in 2000, and scholars working in the field have all expressed their gratitude to him for his valuable work. All three publications mentioned above include contributions by him. Since 1995, other collections of Gandharan texts have appeared, usually known by the name of the patron who purchased them on the art market and made them available to scholars or the place of discovery—the Senior collection in the possession of Robert Senior, the Sch@yen collection in the possession of Martin Schdyen, and the Bajaur collection from northern Pakistan. The book under review is an edition and study of Senior Kharosthi Fragment 5 (= RS 5). It is a revised and improved version of Glass*s 2006 PhD dissertation, and is the first study of a Senior document to appear in the GBT series. As the Series Editor states in his preface (p. xii), the introduction to this book is by Mark Allon, in advance of his own publication onBOOK REVIEWS 407, the Senior Collection. Allon reports (pp. 3-25) that the Senior Collection consists of 24 birchbark scrolls or scroll fragments, containing at least 41 Buddhist texts. The collection was found in an earthenware pot in Afghanistan. The pot and the lid both have dated inscriptions on them, which indicate that the pot and the manuscripts in it were commissioned by a named individual. Manuscripts RS 7 and 8 contain a list of texts, several of which survive in the present collection. Allon suggests (pp. 19-21) possible reasons for the non- appearance of the others. The manuscripts were all written by the same scribe, and constitute texts that are all relatively homogeneous in genre, which supports the view that the manuscripts constitute a joned collection, probably made AD 130-40. They were most likely produced by a member of a Dharmaguptaka monastery, since several texts show close affinities with versions of the stories they contain in Chinese texts belonging to the Dharmaguptakas. In Chapter | (The Arrangement of the Connected Discourses [pp. 26-50]) Glass refers to extant versions of the Samyuktagama and Samyutta-nikaya texts in Pali, Chinese, Sanskrit, Tibetan and Gandhai Chapter 2 (Comparison of the Gandhart, Pali, Chinese, Tibetan and Sanskrit Versions [pp. 51-70)) gives a detailed comparison of the texts in RS 5 with related texts in other languages. In Chapter 3 (Physical Description of the Manuscript [pp. 71-84]) Glass describes the task of unfolding the manuscript and dealing with the damage to and destruction of the manuscript along the folded lines. There are photos of the folded manuscript and then photos of the unfolded manuscript recto and verso reconstructed. There are photos of all the fragments and descriptions of the letters or remnants of letters on each. Chapter 4 (Paleography and Orthography [pp. 85-108]) gives tables and charts of the variations of each character found in RS 5. There follows a detailed description of each character. Chapter 5 (Phonology [pp. 109-25]) gives a complete account of the phonological chacteristics of the manuscript. There are a few exceptions to the expected developments, partly because technical and specific Buddhist terms tend to reflect developments from Old Indo- Aryan based on a non-Gandhari Middle Indian source rather than Gandhari etymological developments.308 BOOK REVIEWS Chapter 6 (Morphology [pp. 126-34]) gives a detailed account of all the nominal and verbal forms found in RS 5. In Chapter 7 (Transcribed Text, Reconstruction and Translation Ipp. 135-43], the whole text is transcribed, with each individual portion or fragment lettered and numbered, then reconstructed and translated. This is, in effect, a presentation of the finished work. Chapters 8-11 give a detailed study of the four sutras which RS 5 contains, The last of the four is incomplete. Three of them have partial parallels in Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese or Tibetan. The first has no direct parallel. The texts are not named in the manuscript, but Dr Glass gives them names in accordance with their subject matter, or by analogy with parallel versions in other languages. For each sutra Glass gives the transliteration of the text as read, with reconstruction, parallel versions, translation and notes. Chapter 8 (pp. 14474): the Safta-sutra (lines 1-14 of the manu- script). Glass refers to it as Saia-sutra by analogy with several Pali suttas which contain lists of the perceptions (Pali safifa). Chapter 9 (pp. 175-84): the Natuspahu-sutra (Il. 15-21): This is a parallel to the Pali Natumhaka-sutta. Chapter 10 (pp. 185-92): the Sadha-sutra (II. 22-27): This has a parallel in a sutta in the Pali Khandha-samyutta, dealing with the khandhas (Gandhari sadha). Chapter 11 (pp. 193-210): the *Vasijada-sutra (II, 28-42) This is a parallel to the Pali Vasijata-sutta, although the simile based on the word vasijara (‘adze handle’) does not occur in the text we have, but was perhaps in the missing conclusion to the sutra. The Appendix is in three sections: 1. The Pali P< 18); 2. The Chinese parallels (pp. 219-23); 3. TI (pp. 224-26). These are given at greater length and more completely than the parallels given for each individual text. The References section (pp. 227-39) lists the editions and other publications to which reference is made in this book. In the word index (pp. 240-49) each word is given in its reconstructed form, then the Sanskrit or Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit equivalent, followed by the Pali if it appears in a Pali equivalent—if not, then in brackets. Then the Chinese and Tibetan equivalents are given, if there are parallel texts in those languages. The study concludes with a Chinese-Gandhart index (pp. 250-