SP 11-103-97

CODE OF PRACTICE

ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY

FOR CONSTRUCTION

Effective date: 1997-08-15

PREFACE

ELABORATED by the Production and Research Construction Engineering Survey Institute

(PRCESI), the Ingeodin Scientific and Production Centre, the Energosetproyect Institute, MosCTICIS
with the participation of SHC Gyprorechtrans, SHC Gydroproyect Institute, LLA LenTISIZ.

SUBMITTED by the Production and Research Construction Engineering Survey Institute

(PRCESI) of the RF GOSSTROY.

AGREED with the Federal Service of Russian Federation for Hydrometeorology and
Environmental Monitoring (Letters No. 10-502-124 dated 16 April 1997 and No. 10-502-185 dated
29 May 1997).

APPROVED by the Department of Development of Scientific and Engineering Policy and Design
and Survey Works of the RF GOSSTROY (Letter No. 9-1-1/69 dated 10.07.97).

FIRST ADOPTED AND MADE EFFECTIVE on August, 15, 1997.

INTRODUCTION

The Code of Practice governing the performance of engineering hydrometeorological surveys in

construction has been designed to extend the scope of the construction norms and rules contained in
SNiP 11-02-96 "Engineering Survey in Construction. General Provisions". Under SNiP 10-01-94
"Regulatory Documentation System in Construction. General Provisions", this Code of Practice is a
federal regulatory document of the System that establishes the necessary provisions designed to extend
the scope of and ensure compliance with the mandatory requirements of the construction norms, rules
and standards.

This document ensures compliance with the mandatory requirements of SNiP 11-02-96 with
respect to hydrometeorological substantiation of the pre-design, design and working documentation in
accordance with the existing legislation of the Russian Federation.

1. AREA OF APPLICATION

This Code of Practice is designed to be used by survey and project survey organisations, enterprises
and associations as well as by other legal and physical persons carrying out engineering
hydrometeorological surveys for the construction of buildings and structures to be used for industrial,
civil or other purposes in the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. MAIN NOTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

2.1 Hydrometeorological observations – a package of works designed to study a

hydrometeorological regime, including the direct observations carried out without performing
measurements (visual observations), and the actions involving the performance of quantitative
assessments (measurements) of characteristics of hydrometeorological phenomena and processes.
2.2 Hydrometeorological characteristics – quantitative assessments of the variables of a
hydrometeorological regime made on the basis of observations by means of their analysis and
calculation.
2.3 Long-term characteristics of a hydrometeorological regime – quantitative (average, maximum,
minimum) characteristics or the dates of the individual phenomena of a hydrometeorological regime
determined on the basis of a number of observations over a period of many years.
2.4 Design probability of a hydrological value – a normative value of probability of exceeding a
given hydrological value adopted when designing buildings and structures; it is set depending on the
responsibility level of a building or a structure;
2.5 Representativeness of an observation site – a degree of representativeness of an observation site
with respect to the hydrometeorological regime variable being studied both from the point of view of
compliance of a given observation area with the existing requirements and from the point of view of
representation of the features characteristic of more or less large territories, sections of watercourses
or water reservoir surface areas.
2.6 Degree of hydrometeorological knowledge of an area – a qualitative index characterising the
possibility of utilization of the materials, obtained as a result of the previous observations of the
characteristics of the hydrological regimes of water bodies and the climate of the given area, carried
out to determine the hydrological and meteorological characteristics within the design section.

3. GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1 Engineering hydrometeorological surveys for construction* should ensure a comprehensive

examination of the hydrometeorological conditions of the area (district, site, ground, route) of
construction and produce a forecast of a possible alteration of these conditions as a result of their
interaction with the project being designed with the purpose of obtaining appropriate and sufficient
materials required to adopt substantiated design solutions.

_______________________
* The term "construction" includes new construction, expansion, renovation and technical re-
equipment of enterprises, buildings and structures.

3.2 In accordance with the established design procedure, an engineering hydrometeorological survey
is performed to elaborate:
city planning documentation;
substantiations of investments in construction;
construction project design;
working documents.
3.4 The materials of engineering hydrometeorological surveys should provide for fulfilling the
following tasks at respective design phases:
drawing up of an area (a city, a settlement) general plan;
determination of the sources that can be used to satisfy water requirement and setting up various
types of water consumption and water use facilities;
selection of a location for a construction site (route) and providing for an engineering protection of
the construction site from unfavourable hydrometeorological conditions;
selection of designs of structures, determination of their parameters and organisation of
construction;
determination of the conditions of operation of structures;
assessment of the negative influence of the construction project on the aquatic and aerial
environment and elaboration of environmental measures.
3.4 An engineering hydrometeorological survey is performed to study:
river hydrological regime (including temporary water channels), lakes, water storage reservoirs,
swamps, river mouth areas, sea riparian and shelf zones;
climatic conditions and individual meteorological characteristics;
hazardous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena;
human-induced changes of hydrological and climatic conditions or their individual characteristics.
3.5 An engineering hydrometeorological survey should be conducted in accordance with the
procedure established by the existing legislation of the Russian Federation and in accordance with
SNiP 11-02-96 "Engineering Survey for Construction. General Provisions", this Code of Practice and
the regulatory documents of the Federal Service of Russian Federation for Hydrometeorology and
Environmental Monitoring (Rosgydromet), the branch ministries and the set of standards related to
the protection of nature and improvement of natural resources.
3.6 An engineering hydrometeorological survey for construction should be conducted by survey and
design survey organisations regardless of the type of ownership and other legal and physical persons
having a license for the right to perform a given type of survey work that has been granted in
accordance with the established procedure, and a license granted by Rosgydromet.
3.7 An engineering hydrometeorological survey is an independent type of an engineering survey that
can be conducted both as a part of a comprehensive engineering survey and in accordance with a
special technical assignment set by the customer.
3.8 An engineering hydrometeorological survey should be performed in combination with
engineering geological, engineering geodetic and engineering ecological surveys when:
conducting a survey of water supply sources based on underground water reserves;
studying the processes of underflooding of the area by underground water and its chemical
contamination;
studying and forecasting the development of river bed and floodplain deformation, lake and
reservoir bank transformation, sea coast dynamics;
performing cryological investigations, studying karsts, landslides, mudrock flows and other
dangerous natural processes;
preparing a hydrometeorological substantiation of construction of structures producing a negative
effect on aerial and aquatic environment.
3.9 An execution of an engineering hydrometeorological survey is subject to registration by
Rosgydromet.
3.10 An engineering hydrometeorological survey programme is the internal document of a party
conducting the survey and, in addition to the requirements set in SNiP 11-02-06 "Engineering Survey
for Construction. General provisions", should contain the following information on:
the hydrographic network of the survey area;
the main features of water body regimes;
utilisation of water resources in the economic activities carried out in water basins;
availability of observational materials at the Rosgydromet posts (stations), the posts (stations) of
other ministries and departments, the data produced by previous hydrometeorological surveys and
their suitability for utilisation in the execution of the currents tasks;
locations of observation posts and sections;
the categories of complexity of individual types of field works;
the methods selected for the determination of the required design characteristics.
The engineering hydrometeorological survey program substantiates the composition and volume of
survey works depending on the natural conditions, the degree of knowledge of the natural conditions,
and the composition of the required design hydrometeorological characteristics.
3.11 The materials of engineering hydrometeorological surveys should be handed over for storage to
the Rosgydromet archive if the composition of the survey works contains the observations of
hydrometeorological regime characteristics that have been conducted for the period of two or more
years.

4. SCOPE OF AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY. GENERAL

ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS

4.1 The scope of an engineering hydrometeorological survey includes:

collection, analysis and aggregation of the available hydrometeorological and cartographical
information about the area;
reconnaissance exploration of the survey area;
observations of the characteristics of the water bodies hydrological regimes and the climate and
occasional execution of works designed to study them;
study of hazardous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena;
office study of the materials to determine the design hydrological and/or meteorological
characteristics;
drawing up of a technical report (conclusion).
4.2 The necessity of execution of individual works, their content and the detailedness and
composition of the characteristics being determined are established by the engineering
hydrometeorological survey program depending on the type and designation of the structures, their
responsibility level, the design phase, the hydrological and climatic conditions of the area (a site, a
route) and the extent to which they have been studied.
4.3 When determining the scope of a line structure route engineering survey, one should
additionally take into account:
the direction of a route relative to a water body;
the number of water bodies crossed by a route;
the complexity groups to which crossings over water bodies are assigned and the features of their
hydrometeorological characteristics.
4.4 If necessary, when performing an engineering hydrometeorological survey, special works and
investigations* are performed to study:

_______________________
*In accordance with the technical assignment.

microclimatic conditions;
conditions of dispersion of hazardous substances and contamination of atmospheric air;
characteristics of hydraulic regimes of parts of rivers, water storage reservoirs and tail water ponds;
characteristics of river bed and floodplain deformation, water erosion action and a ravine system;
water reservoir transformation, sea near-shore zone dynamics;
water balance of rivers, lakes, water storage reservoirs, underflooded areas, etc.
 conditions of water flow formation in reference basins and river sections;
ice thermal conditions at water reservoirs and watercourses;
characteristics of hydrobiological and hydrochemical regimes of rivers, lakes, water storage
reservoirs, etc.
the effect produced by ecologically hazardous structures on the water ecosystem.
4.5 The work involving collection, analysis and aggregation of available hydrometeorological and
cartographic data starts after the technical assignment is adopted for execution and continues
throughout field season.
4.6 The materials to be collected and analysed include;
materials of hydrometeorological observations including the aggregations and design characteristics
obtained using these materials;
survey materials produced in the previous years;
data on extreme values of hydrometeorological characteristics;
data concerning the presence and nature of manifestation of hazardous hydro meteorological
processes and phenomena;
large-scale cartographic materials, the aerospace photography materials produced in various years
and by the repeated topographic surveys, pilot charts;
data on the conditions of operation of the hydraulic structures being designed and the existing
hydraulic structures;
data on mutual interference of hydrometeorological conditions and the existing structures;
data on navigation and maximum ship height, timber rafting, wood float, etc.
4.7 The data are collected using:
periodicals published by the State Water Cadastre, the Scientific Applied Climate Handbook and the
Handbook of the State Fund of Data on Environmental Conditions, the survey materials obtained in
the previous years;
archival data on magnetic carriers stored in SWC AIS (State Water Cadastre Automated Information
System);
scientific and technical literature, archival materials, containing data on extreme
hydrometeorological phenomena (large floods, strong winds, etc.);
large-scale topographic materials, topographic surveys, and aerial photography materials of various
years;
data on the observed hydrometeorological phenomena having extreme characteristics obtained by
interviewing local people;
published archival data of various organisations and departments dealing with contamination of
aerial and aquatic environment, etc.
4.8 The materials obtained as the result of collection, analysis and aggregation of
hydrometeorological observations are used to:
assess the degree of hydrometeorological knowledge of the area;
determine the composition and content of works in the engineering hydrometeorological survey
programme;
make a preliminary selection of methods for obtaining the required design characteristics and a
representative analogue station (post);
calculate the hydrological and hydrometeorological characteristics.
4.9 The representative hydrological analogue stations (posts) should be selected taking into account:
the homogeneity of the runoff formation conditions;
the factors changing the magnitude of the natural river runoff (runoff regulation, discharges, water
intakes, etc.).
4.10 The representative meteorological analogue stations (posts) should be selected taking into
account:
the location of a station under the homogeneous physico-geographical conditions (relief, underlying
surface, humidification, soil composition, etc.);
the degree of protection of the meteorological site, the type of development of the surrounding area,
correspondence between the underlying surface and the surrounding area relief;
the station representativeness radius with respect to various meteorological variables.
For the construction sites located in the mountain areas, the representative meteorological stations
(posts) should be selected taking into account the altitude above sea level, the exposure of the
mountain slopes and the position relative to the valley bottom.
If the construction area is characterised by the presence of microclimatic features, the representative
meteorological station is selected, as a rule, on the basis of comparison of the data obtained as the
result of short-term observations, carried out in the period of performance of engineering surveys,
with the data of the Rosgydromet nearest meteorological stations.
4.11 When determining the representativeness of the hydrometeorological stations and posts located
in the riparian zones of seas, rivers and lakes, in addition to the requirements listed in i.i. 4.9 to
4.10*, the following factors should be taken into account:
_________________________
*Any references made herein to the items and sections of the text, tables and comments are related to
this Code of Practice.

the orientation of a coast (bank) relative to the cardinal points and the dominant wind direction;
the ruggedness of the coastline (bank line) and the depth of penetration into the land area of the
water reservoir section being surveyed;
the hydrographic description of the near-shore part of the water reservoir;
the presence of islands or man-made structures within the water surface area and in the near-shore
zone.
4.12 The degree of hydrological and meteorological knowledge of the area should be established
taking into account the availability (or absence) of a representative post (station) meeting the
requirements listed in Table 4.1.
4.13 Depending on the degree of knowledge of the area and the responsibility level assigned to the
structure being designed, a requirement to observe the hydrometeorological regime variables is
included in the engineering survey program, and a preliminary selection of the methods to be used to
determine the required design characteristics is made (see Appendix A).
4.14 The scope of an engineering hydrometeorological survey is established by the survey works
program depending on:
the features of the hydrological regime of a water body and its linear dimensions;
the set of characteristics required to substantiate the design solutions, the detailedness of
examination and the methods of determination of these characteristics;
the type and the layout of the structures being designed;
the conditions of organisation of survey works.
4.15 The number of observation sites to be used on the construction site should be determined taking
into account:
the features of the formation of the hydrological regime and the climate;
the spatial variability of the regime elements and the size of the area being studied;
the layout plan of the structures being designed within the survey area;
requirements to the reliability of design characteristics.

Table 4.1

Degree of Conditions determining the degree of hydrological and

hydrometeorological meteorological knowledge of the area
knowledge of the area
Studied area Availability of a representative post (station) meeting the following
conditions:
the distance to the construction site and the hydrometeorological
conditions allow a transfer to the area within its boundaries of the
values for each of the required regime characteristics;
observations are performed with respect to all hydrometeorological
characteristics required to substantiate the project design;
the quality of observations meets the requirements to the reliability
of the data used in calculations;
the series of maximum river discharge values can be considered to
be sufficient for the purpose of determination of design discharge
values, if the duration of an observation period is not less than:
25 years - for forest-tundra and forest zones;
30 years - for a forest-steppe zone;
40 years- for a steppe zone and mountain areas;
50 years- for arid steppes and semi-desert zones;
weather sequences are considered to be sufficient if their duration is
as follows when determining:
air temperature - 30-50 years;
soil temperature – not less than 10 years;
maximum soil freezing depth - 25-30 years;
design glaze wall depth - 25-30 years;
design wind loads – not less than 20 years;
The observational series conducted to determine other
hydrometeorological characteristics are long enough for establishing a
reliable relationship with the area reference station that is
representative for the characteristic being determined.

Insufficiently studied area The available posts (stations) fail to meet at least one of the
conditions characterizing the region as a studied area.
 Unstudied area Absence of representative posts (stations) and when studying:
a hydrometeorological regime in which local factors and conditions
prevail over zonal ones (small river basins, mountain regions, parts of
sea penetrating deeply into the land area, etc.);
hydrometeorological processes and phenomena whose development
is determined only by local factors and conditions (river bed processes,
reservoir bank transformation, dams, etc.);
a water balance and when conducting special investigations.

4.16 A reconnaissance survey is conducted when performing an engineering hydrometeorological

survey at the first stage of the field works and should be carried out regardless of the degree of
knowledge of the area.
In the case of large projects or the projects located in complex natural conditions requiring
additional information for drawing up an engineering survey programme, a reconnaissance survey
may be carried out during the preparatory stage.
4.17 The reconnaissance survey results obtained in the course of an engineering survey are used to
implement the following tasks:
identification of areas (zones) of manifestation of hazardous hydrometeorological processes and
phenomena;
preliminary zoning of a route (in the case of a long-distance route) on the basis of
hydrometeorological conditions and selection of reference sections;
selection of a structure construction site (route direction) having the most favourable
hydrometeorological conditions;
selection of a water body or a part of a water body for water use;
selection of location of gauging sites and hydrological and meteorological observation posts (sites);
identification of maximum water marks by flood traces;
determination of hydraulic characteristics of river beds and floodplains for design river sections, etc.
4.18 A reconnaissance survey is conducted, as a rule, using the cartographic materials including the
aerospace photography materials, pilot and land surveying maps and plans.
If necessary, the specific types of instrumental geodetic and hydrometric works are carried out as a
part of a reconnaissance survey: measurement of individual water discharges, collection of samples for
chemical and bacteriological analyses, levelling of high water marks, water longitudinal slopes and
the transverse profiles of river beds and valleys, etc.
4.19 Observations of the characteristics of hydrological regimes of water bodies and meteorological
variables are included in the engineering hydrometeorological survey if they should be conducted in
an area that is insufficiently studied or unstudied hydrologically and/or meteorologically.
4.20 In the case of a sufficient hydrological knowledge of the area, the river regimes are observed:
when studying complex hydrometeorological processes (riverbed processes, mudrock flows, etc.)
that determine the conditions of location of a construction project;
when conducting a detailed study of the characteristics of the hydrological regime that cannot be
transferred along the river length (ice conditions, speed of water current, etc.);
when conducting an engineering survey for designing hydraulic structures assigned a high
responsibility level when their erection in the riverbed requires a detailed assessment of hydrological
conditions in a specific location or on the main structure site.
4.21 The performance of observations should be preceded by setting up on the survey site a
hydrological or meteorological network consisting of observation sites and devices facilitating the
execution of works.
4.22 The observations designed to study the hydrological regime and the climate should be carried
out on the basis of a unified set of procedures established by the directives and methodological
instructions issued by the Rosgydromet. If it is necessary to carry out, as a part of an engineering
survey, any special works or investigations that are not included in the standard set of observations
performed by the Rosgydromet posts and stations, the methods contained in the regulatory documents
of other ministries and departments may be used.
4.23 The composition of hydrological and meteorological observations is determined depending on
the type of a structure for which the engineering survey is conducted, the degree of knowledge of a
water body hydrological regime and the area climatic conditions.
4.24 The composition of works executed to conduct hydrological observations include, as a rule, the
measurements of:
water levels;
water surface slopes;
water discharges and determination of water discharges to water levels ratios;
discharges of suspended and bottom sediments.
In some cases, the composition of an engineering survey additionally includes:
measurement of speeds and directions of water currents;
 determination of roughness coefficients of a river bed and floodplain;
study of a hydrochemical regime;
study of a temperature regime;
study of ice regime and phenomena;
study of riverbed processes;
study of a wave regime;
observation of water transparency and colour, etc.
4.25 The main meteorological observations carried out as a part of an engineering
hydrometeorological survey include the observations designed to study atmospheric pressure,
temperature and air humidity; speed and direction of wind; temperature on the soil surface and the
soil surface condition; atmospheric precipitation; cloud cover, meteorological visibility and
atmospheric phenomena; snow cover.
4.26 If necessary, the special works, including the observations designed to study solar radiation,
water surface evaporation, rundown and pileup phenomena, a seiche, the study of water masses
dynamics, thermal conditions, etc., are included in the composition of meteorological observations.
4.27 The duration of observations, conducted as a part of an engineering hydrometeorological
survey, should be determined by the time required to establish sufficiently reliable correlative links
between the characteristics being studied, obtained in the course of a simultaneous period of
observations on the construction site and at the reference analogue post. Depending on the type of a
characteristic, the duration of the observation period should be not less than indicated in Table 4.2.
4.28 In the case of the presence or a possibility of occurrence of hazardous natural processes and
phenomena (in accordance with the list given in Appendix B) in the project design area, the
engineering survey should produce the data and materials required and sufficient for determining the
characteristics and predicting the development of these processes and phenomena with a degree of
detail corresponding to the design phase.

Table 4.2

Characteristics of hydrometeorological conditions Minimum duration

of observations
Hydrological regimes of land water bodies, seas The annual period including all phases
(including riverbed process regimes, reservoir bank of a hydrological regime
transformation and sea near-shore zone dynamics)
Meteorological variables regimes The annual period including all climatic
seasons
Extreme and seasonal hydrological and meteorological A period including a complete regime
characteristics (water minimum and maximum level and phase or a climatic season in which they
runoff, air temperature and precipitation, water reservoirs occur
winter regimes, etc.)
Hazardous natural processes: Rainfall season
mudrock flows Period from the commencement of the
melting of snow till the cessation of the
avalanches avalanching period

4.29 The initial information used to calculate the characteristics of hazardous processes and
phenomena, having a probabilistic pattern of distribution over a long-term period, should contain a
series of annual values of the characteristics of the processes and phenomena being studied over a
long-term observation period and the data on outliers.
4.30 When studying hazardous hydrometeorological processes, engineering surveys are conducted
using specially designed programmes providing for the application of both of the methods
conventionally used in engineering hydrometeorological surveys, such as hydrometric,
hydromorphometric, hydrological aerial visual methods, etc., and the laboratory simulation methods,
the test methods using real-life objects, etc.
The composition of works provided for in the engineering hydrometeorological programme is
determined in each individual case by the design phase, the process type and the complexity of natural
conditions.
4.31 When carrying out the design work, it is necessary to take into account the hazardous processes
and phenomena whose quantitative parameters exceed the limits specified in Appendix С.
4.32 At the final stage of the hydrometeorological survey, the office studies are carried out to process
the obtained materials, including:
final processing of the materials obtained as the result of the observations conducted in the
engineering survey period (the primary processing of observation results is performed in the field);
reduction of short-term series of observations to a long-term observation period;
determination of calculated hydrological (meteorological) characteristics for substantiation of design
solutions;
 assessment of hydrometeorological conditions of the area (route) of construction.
4.33 The design values of river regime main hydrological characteristics should be calculated in
accordance with SNiP 2.01.14-83 "Determination of Design Hydrological Characteristics", the
Rosgydromet regulatory documents and the sectoral regulatory methodological documents.
4.34 Assigning a value to a design characteristic having a probabilistic nature is based on the annual
probability of exceeding this value (value probability), and a process design characteristic is adopted
on the basis of assessment of the predicted development of the respective process made by the end of
the design period.
The values of design probabilities are set by the construction norms and rules, adopted for designing
individual types of structures, taking into account their reliability during operation determined by the
assigned responsibility level, and specified in the engineering survey technical assignment.
4.35 The characteristics of hazardous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena should be
determined on the basis of:
statistical assessment methods – for the processes and phenomena characterised by a probabilistic
nature of manifestation;
the forecast of their development – for permanent unidirectional processes.
4.36 The results of an engineering hydrometeorological survey are summarised in the technical
report prepared on completion of the survey. In some cases instead of a technical report a conclusion
is made.
A conclusion may be made on the basis of the available data reported for the area and obtained as
the result of a reconnaissance survey in the case of a limited scope of execution of field works for:
structures assigned Responsibility Level III;
construction sites located within the studied area;
structures that are not significantly affected by the hydrological and climatic conditions of the area.
4.37 The technical report drawn up as the result of an engineering hydrometeorological survey
should contain, in the general case, the following sections and information:
Introduction: a basis for execution of works, the objectives of an engineering hydrometeorological
survey, the alterations made in the engineering survey programme and their substantiation, data on
the project units being designed, actions designed to ensure the engineering and environmental
protection of the area, survey team composition.
Current hydrometeorological knowledge: summary of previous engineering surveys and
investigations, data on the availability of stationary observation sites, maintained by Rosgydromet and
other ministries and departments, and their use for the implementation of the survey tasks, estimation
of the degree of knowledge of the area taking into account the available materials.
Area natural conditions: data on the location, relief, geomorphology and hydrography of the area
being studied; description of the hydrometeorological and anthropogenic features of the construction
area including the characteristics of climatic conditions (air temperature and humidity, speed and
direction of wind, precipitations, evaporation and atmospheric phenomena, soil freezing depth and
snow cover height); characteristics of hydrological regimes of water bodies (water levels and runoffs,
ice and thermal regimes, sediment and riverbed regimes, hydrochemical regimes, wave and current
regimes (for lakes, water storage reservoirs and sea near-shore zones), description of hazardous
hydrometeorological processes and phenomena (floods, tsunami, mudrock flows, avalanches and
snowdrifts, hurricane winds and spouts, glaze, manifestations of developing river-bed processes, dams
and jams).
Composition, scope and methods of execution of survey works: data on the composition and
scope of completed engineering survey works, description of field work and office study methods
including the methods of determination of design characteristics and the procedures for obtaining
them with the indication of the regulatory documents used.
Engineering hydrometeorological survey results: the materials of the executed survey works, their
analysis and assessment; the initial data adopted for calculations; verification of reliability of the
calculation results; assessment of the hydrometeorological conditions of the construction area
specifying the design characteristics required to substantiate the designs of structures; a forecast of the
development of hazardous natural processes and phenomena (if any) assessing the degree of hazard
and the risk for the construction project; description of a potential environmental impact of the
construction project including, if necessary, the forecast: of background atmospheric air contamination
taking into account the meteorological characteristics, determining the conditions of dispersion of
harmful substances; the effect of water intake and waste water discharge on the aquatic ecosystem;
thermal and chemical contamination of water bodies; change of riverbed processes; thermal and ice
regimes.
Conclusion: general conclusions and recommendations for adopting project solutions,
recommendations for the protection of natural environment, and the substantiation of a requirement to
perform further surveys (investigations).
Appendices to the technical report (conclusion, explanatory note) should include textual (tabular)
and graphical materials.
The textual documents should include the results of the surveys carried out during the engineering
survey period, the analogue post observation results for the same period, the initial data, adopted for
hydrometeorological calculations, and the calculation results signed in accordance with the
established procedure.
It is recommended to submit the following set of graphical materials:
for rivers:
a hydrographic network plan showing the location of the hydrological and meteorological
observation sites (including the observation sites used in the previous years);
a copy of the part of the map, showing the location of the project being designed, and the
hydrologoical and meteorological observation sites;
a hydrological/morphological plan of the crossing over a water body;
transverse profiles of hydraulic sections;
combined transverse and longitudinal river profiles and the combined plans of river sections, based
on the surveys performed in various years, for assessing the riverbed deformation;
plots of water discharges, water cross sectional areas and average current speeds against water
levels;
plots of correlation between the hydrological parameters for the sites being studied and those for the
analogue sites that were used to obtain data for determining the design characteristics;
probability curves of average annual and characteristic water discharges and other design
characteristics;
current speed and direction distribution patterns;
plans and profiles of ice thickness distribution based on the ice measurement survey results;
diagrams and plans of suspended and bottom sediment distribution, etc.
The reports for lakes, water storage reservoirs and seas, should additionally include the plans and
sketches of areas, the graphs indicating the correlation between the agitation elements and wind
speeds, etc.
The description of swamps should include the route sections plans showing the runoff lines, etc.
4.38 The composition and contents of the technical report and its appendices should be determined
in each particular case on the basis of the scope of the executed works required to fulfil the tasks set
for various design phases taking into account the additional requirements of sectoral regulatory
documents.

5. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY

FOR ELABORATION OF CITY-PLANNING DOCUMENTS

5.1 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for the elaboration of city-planning

documents should provide for:
the study of the hydrometeorological regime of the area designed for development;
assessing a possible use of water bodies as water supply sources for sanitary-engineering, transport,
power engineering, meliorative, sport, cultural and public purposes;
assessing the probability of occurrence of hazardous meteorological processes and phenomena and a
forecast of their impact on the project units being designed, and, if necessary, elaboration of
recommendations with respect to designing the required engineering protection structures;
assessing the present ecological condition of the aerial and aquatic ecosystems and their resistance
to a potential impact;
assessing the requirement for designing environmental protection measures.
5.2 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for the elaboration of city-planning
documents should be carried out in combination with the engineering geodetic, engineering geological
and engineering ecological surveys.
5.3 A feature specific to an engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for the elaboration of
city-planning documents is the requirement to take into account, in addition to the general
characteristics of hydrometeorological conditions determined in accordance with the requirements
specified in Section 6, the area microclimatic features, the conditions of dispersion and redistribution
of industrial contaminants in the near-surface layer, including the special data characterising the light
climate, solar radiation, atmospheric electricity, etc.
5.4 For small cities and urban-type settlements (in the case of a sufficient meteorological knowledge
of the area) the area climate and the microclimate of individual zones are studied on the basis of the
observation data obtained at the nearest meteorological station (taking into account the regularities in
the variation of the climate and microclimate background characteristics for various landscape
elements), supplemented by the reconnaissance survey materials containing the description of the
terrain characteristics.
Conducting meteorological observations in the case of a sufficient meteorological knowledge of the
area is usually required as a part of an engineering survey, if it is necessary to perform any special
works that are not included in the meteorological station standard work schedule.
5.5 The scope of an engineering survey, performed as a part of a new city construction project,
should include as a mandatory element the organisation and performance of meteorological
observations and the conduct of a microclimatic survey of the development area.
5.6 When conducting a microclimatic survey of an area, in most cases, the following works are
carried out:
identification of the areas of accumulation of cold air;
determination of the degree of exposure of individual areas to solar radiation;
determination of regularities in the pattern of distribution of precipitation, air temperature and snow
cover depending on the relief, weather conditions, etc.
determination of recurrence of various atmospheric phenomena in individual microclimatic zones;
assessment of air-hygienic features (gas composition, aerosol composition, air dust content, etc.).
5.7 The relative position of industrial zones and the zones intended for residential construction is
assessed using the data relating to the meteorological factors affecting the processes of redistribution
of industrial contaminants in the air surface layer, including the data on:
prevailing wind direction in the warm period;
recurrence of wind speed of lower than the prescribed value;
recurrence, height and power of inversions;
fogs, liquid precipitants, etc.
5.8 As a result of an engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for the elaboration of the
city-planning documentation, in addition to the general hydrometeorological characteristics common
for all types of construction that are given in Table 6.1, the following data should be obtained:
microclimatic differences in radiation, temperature/humidity and wind conditions for various areas;
light climate;
vertical air temperature distribution, wind direction and speed;
air gas composition, aerosol content of air and aerosol chemical composition;
soil temperature and soil freezing depth;
evaporation and vaporability;
snow transfer;
atmospheric electricity, etc.

5. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SUBSTANTIATION

OF INVESTMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES

6.1 An engineering hydrometeorological survey for the substantiation of investments in the

construction of structures should provide for:
the study of hydrometeorological conditions for all construction site (line crossing) options;
determining a possible effect on the construction site (route) of hazardous hydrometeorological
processes and phenomena and assessing their characteristics;
substantiating the selection of an optimum option (in terms of hydrometeorological conditions) of a
construction site (route) and submitting recommendations for designing the engineering protection
measures and structures.
6.2 In order to implement the assigned tasks, the scope of the engineering hydrometeorological
survey programme designed to select a construction site should include for each of the site options:
collection and analysis of the available hydrometeorological and cartographic materials within the
survey area;
a reconnaissance survey of water bodies in the areas selected for the construction sites.
6.3 The engineering hydrometeorological survey programme designed to select the direction of a
line structure route should additionally include:
paper routing covering the routing options identifying the largest and most complex crossings over
water bodies that are subject to in-situ surveys;
an aerial visual or ground reconnaissance survey within the routing track for each of the competing
options;
ground reconnaissance survey of the route sections along water bodies determining a possible effect
of their regimes on the line structures;
a ground hydromorphological survey and examination of the competitive options of route crossings
over large water bodies having complex engineering hydrological conditions;
6.4 As a result of collection and analysis of the available materials, supplemented by the results of
the reconnaissance survey, the following data should be obtained for each of the selected construction
site location options:
main characteristics of the climatic conditions of the area (routing track);
main characteristics of the basin, bed and floodplain of a river, lake, water storage reservoir;
annual values of maximum water levels and discharges obtained at the nearest hydrological posts;
data on ice conditions and ice movement;
data on the regimes of river bed deformation and water storage reservoir bank transformation
(obtained by comparing the relief surveys performed in various years), their nature, intensity,
orientation and forms of occurrence within the section being considered;
data on the possibility of occurrence of hazardous natural processes and phenomena (mudrock
flows, avalanches, hurricanes, spouts, etc.), their duration, frequency and boundaries of occurrence;
data on the presence of hydraulic engineering structures within the riverbed and economic activities
in the basin affecting the hydrological regime within the section of the structure (route crossing).

Note: When selecting the direction of the route of a line structure, the main characteristics of
hydrological conditions are determined for the sections of the line crossings over medium and large
rivers.

6.5 In the cases where engineering hydrological conditions are a determining factor in the selection
of a construction site (route), for the structures of Responsibility Levels I and II located in an
unstudied or insufficiently studied area, the engineering survey programme should provide for
observing the meteorological characteristics and water body hydrological regime variables as well as
the development of hydrometeorological processes and phenomena.
6.6 The preliminary assessment of hydrometeorological conditions should produce
recommendations with respect to the selection of an optimum option of location of a construction site
(route direction) and the engineering protection of the structure, if the studied area is subjected to
adverse effects, and a substantiation of a requirement to conduct a survey at the design documentation
elaboration stage.
6.7 The list of the main hydrometeorological characteristics determined when selecting a
construction site (route direction) is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1
Hydrometeorological Hydrometeorological characteristics
conditions
Climate Extreme and average values of air temperature and humidity,
atmospheric precipitation amount and intensity, wind speed; maximum
snow cover height and soil freezing depth; atmospheric phenomena
Hydrological regimes of Level regimes (maximum water levels); flooding boundaries; ice
rivers conditions; bed development process (process type, intensity and the
degree of its development, bank deformation characteristics)
Near-shore zone regimes Highest water levels, tide and ebb variations of water levels; negative
of seas and positive setups; wave climate; ice conditions; description of
lythodynamic processes
Water storage reservoir Process type, direction, intensity and the degree of development
bank transformation and
seashore abrasion
Mudrock flows Boundaries of occurrence of mudrock flows, mudrock flow period,
mudrock flow frequency
Snow avalanches Avalanching frequency, boundaries of occurrence of avalanches and air
wave action, avalanching period

7. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT OF CONSTRUCTION OF NEW STRUCTURES AND
EXPANSION, RENOVATION AND TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT OF EXISTING
STRUCTURES

7.1 The results of an engineering hydrometeorological survey for the development of a project of
construction of new structures should ensure the fulfilment of the following tasks:
updating the engineering hydrometeorological conditions of the selected construction site (route
direction) and increasing the reliability of the characteristics of the water bodies hydrological regimes
and the district (area) climatic conditions determined at the stage of substantiation of investments in
construction;
identifying the areas subjected to the action of hazardous hydrometeorological processes and
phenomena and determining their characteristics for substantiating the design and building activities
to ensure the engineering protection of the project units being designed;
substantiating the selection of the main parameters of the structures and determining the
hydrometeorological conditions of their operation.
7.2 The engineering survey programme should provide for:
collection of additional materials relating to the hydrometeorological knowledge of the of
construction (routing) area;
the study of engineering hydrometeorological survey materials obtained at the stage of
substantiation of investments in construction;
a reconnaissance survey of the selected construction site (route crossings) determining whether it is
necessary to perform special works and investigations in the sections having complex hydrological
conditions;
hydrological/morphological works to be performed in the sections, where the line structures cross
water bodies, and in the valley route sections located in the route zone affected by a hydrological
regime.
selection of the points of location of hydrological (meteorological) posts and organisation of
observations of the hydrological (meteorological) regime elements;
observing the hydrological (meteorological) regime elements.
7.3 If a route crosses any mudrock flow carrying rivers (their debris cones) or is laid within the
potential avalanching zone that can be subjected to the action of an air shock wave, the engineering
survey programme should additionally provide for studying the mudrock flow and avalanche activity
and obtaining the data and materials required to calculate their characteristics and predict a possible
impact on the structures being designed.
7.4 To calculate the design characteristics of mudrock flows, the engineering survey should obtain
the following data and materials:
the water collection area and the length of a watercourse to the design hydrological section;
the average weighted watercourse slope;
the average watercourse slope within the design area (section);
the average water collection slope;
the average water collection height above sea level;
the relative magnitude of forest coverage of the water collection area;
the longitudinal profiles of a main watercourse and all mudrock flow thulwegs flowing directly into
the main watercourse;
the longitudinal profiles in the hydraulic sections for which the mudrock flow characteristics should
be calculated, and in the main river where the given mudrock flow stream flows into the river;
the sediment granulometric composition curves for the riverbed and the floodplain for each
longitudinal profile.
The design characteristics of mudrock flows are determined using also: an engineering geological
map showing the zones of occurrence of loose and slightly cemented sediments, landslide, collapsing
and crumbling sections, a soil erosion map showing erosion zones, and a vegetation map.
7.5 For calculating snow avalanche characteristics when designing antiavalanche structures, it is
necessary to obtain data on the avalanche collection area, the average avalanche front height, the
length of the path covered by an avalanche, the angle of inclination of a slope, etc.
7.6 If the selected construction site is located in the area subjected to adverse effects caused by water
bodies, the composition of observations designed for substantiating the engineering protection
measures and structures, should be determined taking into account the type of the effect.
7.7 In the areas susceptible to flooding, it is necessary to observe water levels and carry out random
measurements of water discharges, study the chemical composition of water and determine its
corrosive properties with respect to concrete. In the cases when high water levels are caused by ice
dams and jams, the engineering survey programme should provide for observing the spring and, if
necessary autumn ice movement.
7.8 In the case of an erosion of the riverbed banks, the riverbed bottom and the floodplain surface
adjoining the construction site, the engineering survey programme should additionally provide for
observing the riverbed processes. The composition and scope of works are determined depending on
the type of a riverbed process and the form of its manifestation in the given area. In a general case, the
following package of works is carried out:
measurement of water depth within a riverbed (if necessary, in a floodplain) by the transverse
profiles;
measurement of speeds and directions of currents in the hydraulic gauging sections;
measurement of stream turbidity and sediment discharge in the hydraulic gauging sections;
collection of bottom sediment samples and determination of their granulometric composition.
7.9 In the cases of complex bank deformation conditions, if the deformation quantitative assessment
can be made only on the basis of a riverbed process forecast, the engineering survey programme
should include a special investigation programme, including, if necessary, the use of simulation
methods.
7.10 A survey conducted for substantiating the measures and the structures, designed to provide an
engineering protection of buildings and structures, designed for production, residential, civil and other
purposes, from the effects caused by hazardous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena, should
obtain the main hydrometeorological characteristics in accordance with Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

Hydrometeorological Hydrometeorological characteristics

conditions
Climate Distribution of wind speeds and wind design speeds at the ground
 surface level and at elevations; design daily precipitation maximum;
maximum glaze wall thickness; duration of warm and cold periods;
dates of appearance, establishment, destruction and disappearance of
snow cover; dates of deviations of average air temperature from the set
values; duration of periods of air temperature above and below the set
values
Hydrological regimes of Design maximum water levels and discharges; flooding boundaries at
rivers design levels; maximum ice movement level; design current speeds;
average rate of predicted bed shift and the bank deformation zone
boundary by the end of the forecast period
Near-shore zone regimes of Design maximum water levels; magnitude of a water level increment;
seas design wave height; design amplitude and intensity of predicted and
vertical deformation of a beach and an underwater slope by the end of
the forecast period
Water storage reservoir Position of bank transformation (abrasion) zone boundaries and the
bank transformation and bank design profile by the end of the forecast period
seashore abrasion
Mudrock flows Design daily precipitation maximums; maximum mudrock discharges
and volumes; mudrock flow width and speed of movement; maximum
total mudrock flow volume per flood period
Snow avalanches Avalanche volume and speed of movement; set avalanche layer density
and depth; avalanche impact and air wave strength

7.11 The set of design hydrometeorological characteristics, required for substantiating the selection
of the main parameters of structures and determining the hydrometeorological conditions of their
operation, is established in accordance with the requirements of the construction norms and rules for
designing various types of structures and Section 9 of this Code of Practice.
7.12 An engineering hydrometeorological survey programme designed for developing the projects of
expansion, renovation and technical re-equipment of existing structures should provide for:
obtaining initial data on the hydrological regimes of water bodies and climatic conditions formed in
the course of operation of the structure being renovated;
assessing the changes of the hydrological regimes of water bodies and the climatic conditions of the
area caused by the construction and operation of the existing structure, and their comparison with the
initial forecast;
determining the design hydrological and meteorological characteristics for preparing a
hydrometeorological substantiation for the renovation project;
elaborating recommendations with respect to environmental protection.
7.13 An engineering hydrometeorological survey performed at the project unit renovation
(expansion, technical re-equipment) site should provide for:
collecting the materials of previous engineering surveys conducted for designing a construction
project for the existing structure;
collecting the materials relating to the hydrological regime of the given water body and those
obtained at the analogue posts over the period of operation of the structure;
collecting data on the violations of the operation conditions prescribed by the project design for the
existing structure caused by extreme hydrometeorological characteristics;
collecting data on the adverse effects produced by the existing structure on the aquatic ecosystem
and atmospheric air.
7.14 An engineering survey programme should include observations of water body regimes, the
study of climatic conditions and hydrometeorological processes if:
the preliminary assessment established a difference between the design hydrological characteristics
or climatic conditions adopted for the substantiated of the design, and their real values;
in the course of operation of an enterprise being renovated, some adverse hydrometeorological
factors, affecting the structures, that were not taken into account at the design stage, have been
identified;
it is required to prepare a substantiation of a project designed to provide an engineering protection
of a structure, or a project providing for the use of measures and structures that are required to prevent
an adverse environmental impact of the unit being renovated;
the renovation of a structure provides for an industrial development of a new area, an increased
water intake from the existing water supply sources or the use of new water supply sources, an
increased discharge of industrial effluents, and other economic activities whose projects require the
preparation of a hydrometeorological substantiation.
 8. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY DESIGNED FOR
ELABORATION OF WORKING DOCUMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND CONDUCTED
DURING THE PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF STRUCTURES

8.1 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for elaboration of working documents for
construction should be carried out:
if it is necessary to monitor the development of hydrometeorological processes or water body
hydrometeorological regimes whose reliable assessment requires the observations to be conducted over
an extended period;
with the purpose of refining the design characteristics and improving the reliability of their
assessment when the duration of hydrometeorological observations conducted at the previous design
stages is not sufficient.
8.2 An engineering hydrometeorological survey is conducted during the period of construction and
operation of structures:
when erecting high responsibility level hydraulic structures (large hydrosystems on rivers, oil
production facilities at sea, etc.);
when it is necessary to obtain operational information about hydrological and meteorological
parameters affecting the safety of construction works and interfering with the normal conditions of
operation of an enterprise;
if a construction site is located in a particularly complex natural environment and it is necessary to
monitor the development of hazardous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena in order to
prevent their negative effect on the structure;
when it is necessary to monitor the effect produced by ecologically hazardous structure on the aerial
and aquatic environment (including the planned discharges and probable emergency situations).
The observations are conducted, as a rule, at a single reference post that is representative of the
background characteristics of the conditions of the area being studied.

9. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPOSITION OF SURVEY WORKS AND

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS BEING DETERMINED DEPENDING
ON THE TYPE AND DESIGNATION OF A STRUCTURE

9.1 An engineering hydrometeorological survey of water supply sources based on surface water is
conducted for:
identifying water supply sources taking into account the required amount and quality of water;
selecting potential areas for setting up water inlets and an optimum option of location of a water
inlet and its structures;
selecting the water inlet system design and parameters;
assessing the negative water intake impact on the aquatic ecosystem.
The main criteria determining the possibility of utilization of a water body as a water supply source
are:
water chemical composition and turbidity;
presence of discharges of industrial effluents and service and domestic waste water located
upstream, their volume and chemical composition;
composition of chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied on the agricultural land located within the
water collection area boundaries;
the sanitary condition of a water body and its water collection area, the main causes of
bacteriological contamination of water;
minimum water levels and discharges, presence of periods of absence of surface runoffs in the river
regime;
interruptions in the operation of existing water inlets caused by adverse hydrological and
hydrobiological (growth of phytoplankton, biofouling, etc.) conditions;
disturbance of the natural water body regime caused by economic activities.
The possibility of utilization of a river or other water body as a water supply source taking into
account the preliminarily set conditions with respect to the location and operation of water inlet
structures, should be determined on the basis of:
collection, processing and analysis of the available materials;
data obtained by the reconnaissance survey of the survey area;
results of preliminary hydrological calculations.
In the sections suitable for setting up a water inlet located in the unstudied or insufficiently studied
area, the main hydrological regime elements should be observed, as a rule, for a period of one year.
An engineering survey intended for designing a water inlet is conducted in the section selected for
its location with the purpose of a more detailed determination of engineering hydrological conditions,
identified at the stage of substantiation of investments in construction, and refining the water body
hydrological regime characteristics affecting the operation of the structure being designed.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for elaboration of design documents should
provide for:
obtaining the design water level characteristics for the hydraulic section where the water inlet
structures will be located;
examining the distribution of current surface speeds and current undersurface speeds across the
stream depth for the points of location of the water intake part of the inlet and the bank reinforcement
structures;
examining the bottom range parameters in the section intended for construction;
a forecast of bank deformation and assessment of the bed erosion depth within the design hydraulic
section over the period of operation of the water inlet;
examining ice conditions and determining the ice design depth.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey of water supply sources using surface water should
result in a detailed assessment of a water supply source (including the assessment of sufficiency of
available resources of fresh water of required quality) and hydrological conditions of operation of the
water inlet structures, and an assessment of the effects of water intake for the aqueous ecosystem and
the water body hydrological regime.
The list of the hydrological characteristics to be determined is given in Table 9.1

Table 9.1
Characteristics of Hydrological characteristics taken into account when substantiating investments
hydrological and a project of construction of a water inlet and runoff discharges
conditions
when selecting the options of location of a additionally
water inlet and runoff discharges for the selected option
Water level Design minimum and maximum level
Water temperature Minimum and maximum temperature
Water turbidity Daily, maximum, monthly and annual average, At various depths within the
distribution over a year, suspended sediment water intake section
granulometric composition
Ice conditions Dates of freezing, ice breaking, start and end of ice Design ice thickness,
movement, presence of intrawater ice, sludge, individual ice-floe sizes,
dams, jams sludge accumulation points,
points of ice incursion onto
a bank, formation of dams,
jams
Current speed Surface speed and speed at various depths
Water quality Chemical composition and sanitary condition, Species composition and
presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton and amount
biofouling of phytoplankton,
zooplankton and biofouling
Bed deformation The type of the process, the characteristic features Bank and bed bottom
of its occurrence and directionality deformation forecast, bottom
range parameters

Wave climate at Wave climate during the survey period Design wave height for
large and medium "dangerous" directions
rivers

Note: When conducting a survey for designing a wastewater discharge, the wave climate,
phytoplankton, and zooplankton characteristics are not determined.

9.2 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for substantiating the investments and the
project of construction of wastewater discharges should provide for obtaining the initial data for:
selecting a water body, locations of discharge sites and, if necessary, the place of location of a
wastewater treatment plant;
selecting the type of design of a discharge outlet that would meet the optimum requirements of
waste water dilution and the engineering hydrological conditions of operation of discharge outlets
ensuring compliance with the environmental requirements;
designing measures and structures intended for the engineering protection of discharges (if
necessary);
assessing the effect of waste water discharges on the aquatic ecosystem.
The main criteria determining the suitability of a water body for utilization as a wastewater collector
are its water content and flowability and water quality.
A water body should be selected taking into account the existing restrictions (in accordance with the
requirements of the existing regulatory documents) with respect to the wastewater discharge, even in
the case of a high degree of purification of wastewater or its dilution with fresh water, into water
reservoirs and watercourses.
The place of location of a discharge is selected taking into account:
presence of surface or ground water inlets located downstream;
presence of wastewater discharge outlets, qualitative composition and amount of effluents;
importance of the river as a fishing ground, presence of fish spawning sites, young fish migration
ways, and location of wintering pits;
presence of conservation and specially protected areas, sanitary protection zones around holiday
resorts and the areas assigned for swimming in the sea and fresh-water reservoirs.
A water body and the sites of location of discharge outlets are selected on the basis of:
hydrological and cartographic materials available for the survey area;
results of a reconnaissance survey including a package of hydrometric and geodetic works;
hydrological calculations including the calculation of wastewater dilution (mixing) taking into
account the self-purification ability of water reservoirs and watercourses.
An engineering survey intended for designing a wastewater discharge outlet is conducted in the
river section selected for its location with the purpose of refining the data related to the river
hydrological conditions obtained at the previous survey stage, including a more detailed determination
of the bed processes dynamics, for the discharge outlet site.
The engineering survey should determine the design hydrological characteristics required for
designing wastewater discharge outlets taking into account the conditions of their dilution and water
reservoir self-purification in accordance with the list given in Table 9.1.
9.3 An engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for designing automobile roads and
railroads is conducted to obtain the main data on the hydrological regimes of water bodies and the
area climate sufficient for selecting the route direction and assessing the structural solutions adopted
for the structures supporting the route operation.
Depending on the specific building tasks, their hydrometeorological substantiation is provided for:
large and medium bridge crossings;
water passage structures over small watercourses;
soil roadbed and the means of its protection from the action of river streams, surface water and snow
drifts.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for selecting a route for an automobile road or
a railroad includes:
the study of the survey area and the competing road directions on the basis of the available
hydrometeorological and cartographic materials;
aerial visual hydromorphological surveys;
ground reconnaissance surveys designed to refine the indistinct watersheds, artificial irrigation
networks, debris cones, etc.
examination of the swamps crossed by the route (to determine the high water level and flooding
boundaries) and the ravine and gully system (by collecting the initial materials for assessing its
erosivity);
ground reconnaissance surveys of small and medium water collection areas in reference and
complex sections;
ground reconnaissance surveys of particularly complex medium watercourses and large
watercourses;
hydrological and hydraulic calculations.
When building roads along riverbeds, the composition of works includes the morphometric surveys
of transverse river hydrological sections in the reference sections and the most narrow parts of the
river valley.
If there are any water passage structures in the survey area, the composition of survey works should
include their survey for obtaining additional data allowing a more correct assignment of dimensions
of the structures being designed and assessment of the hydrometeorological characteristics adopted for
calculation.
When collecting the available hydrometeorological materials, special attention should be attached to
the data on:
precipitation, snow cover, blizzards, snow storms, sand drifts, glaze, wind, air temperature,
thunderstorms;
extreme hydrometeorological phenomena (floods, rainstorms, ice dams, etc.);
river-bed deformation processes and other forms of water erosion;
hydraulic structures being designed and existing hydraulic structures on rivers and their impact on
the hydrological regime;
shipping, timber rafting, wood float, etc.
On the basis of collection, analysis and aggregation of the available hydrometeorological and
cartographic materials, the following data are preliminarily determined for each of the route options:
number and types of crossings over water bodies;
the boundaries of the route sections having homogeneous hydromorphological conditions;
total number and location of large bridge crossings, the configuration of river live cross-sections
within the sections of these crossings.
An aerial visual hydromorphological survey is conducted to finalize the determination of the
boundaries of the sections having homogeneous hydromorphological conditions along all competing
road directions, the number, location and length of reference sections, and to describe the route
crossings over large and medium watercourses.
Land reconnaissance surveys of large and particularly complex bridge crossings are conducted to
determine the scope of work required to lay pipes and build small bridges in the reference sections and
particularly complex crossings.
The hydrometeorological substantiations of the large and particularly complex water crossings are
carried out both for independent structures and the structures belonging to the new route direction
roads.
Regardless of the available knowledge and complexity of a crossing, the composition of field works
should include morphormetric and hydromorphometric observations. If necessary, an engineering
survey should include the organization and conduct of short-term hydrological observations for
establishing a link with all necessary initial and their subsequent transfer from the existing posts to
the crossing section.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey conducted for substantiating investments in the
construction of motor roads and railroads should obtain the following data for each of the existing
options:
general characteristics of the climatic and hydrological conditions of the routing area;
boundaries of the route sections subjected to the action of hazardous hydrometeorological processes
and phenomena (mudrock flows, snow avalanches, etc.);
total number of water drainage and passage structures in the route reference sections;
preliminary design hydrological characteristics for bridge crossing sections and reference basins of
small rivers;
presence of bed processes in the bridge crossing sections, their intensity and direction;
typical configurations of live sections in the places of crossings over large rivers and preliminary
data on the openings in and diagrams of bridge structures, approaches to them, regulating and
reinforcement structures;
preliminary data on the depth of piers for large and particularly complex bridge crossings.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey is conducted along the direction selected for the route of
a motor road (railroad) to obtain the initial data required for the hydrometeorological substantiation of
the design of its structures and the design (if the route can be affected by hazardous
hydrometeorological processes and phenomena) of engineering protection measures and structures.
The preparatory engineering survey stage involves the examination of the materials, produced at the
stage of substantiation of investments in the road construction, and the collection, analyses and
aggregation of additional initial data carried out for the elaboration of the design documents.
If it is necessary to organize and conduct hydrological and (or) meteorological observations, an
engineering hydrometeorological survey includes the following types of survey works:
arrangement of level and slope posts and conducting daily observations at these posts;
measurement of current speeds and water discharges;
measurement of ice depth and determination of the size of ice-floes and ice mounds;
determination of high ice movement levels, shearing of ice, ice movement size and intensity;
observing speeds and directions of currents, paths of ice floes, ships, rafts and wood;
collection of bottom sediment samples and determination of their granulometric composition;
study of bed and flood plain deformations.
In the case of a complex watercourse hydrological regime, significantly affecting the line operation
conditions along the route, and in the insufficiently studied areas, having particularly complex natural
conditions (mudrock flows, karst conditions, etc.), the composition of works performed at the
hydrological post may be considerably expanded, even to the extent of including the investigations
carried out under specially designed programs.
The composition of survey works to be performed in the route reference section should be
determined, as a rule, assuming that the section is a completely unstudied area and there are
practically no analogue rivers that could be used for calculating the maximum runoff of small rivers.
The content and composition of the works are determined on the basis of the method adopted for
assessing the maximum runoff characteristics.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey of a motor road or railroad route should obtain the
hydrometeorological characteristics in accordance with Table 9.2.

Table 9.2
Characteristics of Hydrometeorological characteristics taken into account when substantiating
natural conditions the investments and the project of construction of a motor road or a railroad

when selecting a route additionally for the selected route direction

direction for automobile
 roads and railroads
Climate Extreme and average
values of air temperature
and humidity,
atmospheric precipitation
amount and intensity,
wind speed; maximum
snow cover height and
soil freezing depth;
atmospheric phenomena
Maximum runoff Data on the formation of
from small river storm water runoff and
basins the spring tide runoff
Maximum runoff Data on maximum water
from medium and discharges and levels and
large river basins ice conditions
Snow avalanches Data on the main
parameters of snow
avalanches
Number of days with air temperature crossing
0; recurrence and prevailing directions of
strong winds; wind maximum design speed;
wind gusts; number of days with fog and glaze;
recurrence of thunderstorms; design snow
cover depth; duration of periods with a snow
cover, glaze; prevailing directions of blizzard
winds; snow transfer characteristics; data on
extreme meteorological phenomena (storm
rainfalls, winds, etc.)
Design maximum water discharge and level
values; rain flood and spring tide hydrographs;
maximum daily precipitation and its intensity
for various time intervals
Design maximum water discharge and its
distribution between the bed and the
floodplain; design maximum water level;
characteristics of high, low and other typical
water levels (of spring ice movement, during
shearing of ice and ice dams, etc.); design ice
thickness and the size of ice floes during ice
movement; water surface slopes at the design
and low water levels; average design current
speed for the watercourse and the floodplain;
mechanical compositions and average diameter
of bottom sediment; design wave height
Data on snow cover height and conditions and
blizzards, avalanching conditions,
morphometry of avalanche collectors and
adjoining areas of snow transfer by blizzards,
maximum height of the line of detachment of
avalanches, avalanche flow density

9.4 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for substantiating investments in the

construction of high-voltage (35 kV or more) power transmission lines is conducted to provide a
hydrometeorological substantiation of the selection of the direction of a line route and the sections of
the crossings over water bodies.
An optimum high-voltage line route direction and the place of location of a substation should be
determined on the basis of the hydrological, meteorological and cartographic materials available for
the area where the line will be built. It is also necessary to collect the data on the accidents that have
occurred on the existing high-voltage lines due to extreme loads.
The analysis of the available materials, performed for each of the route options, should establish:
the area climatic parameters (determined using the regional maps and reference and methodological
materials);
the total number of water bodies crossed by the route and the extent to which they have been
studied;
location of high-voltage line crossings over the water bodies belonging to Complexity Groups II and
III;
the route sections built along water bodies and in the zones of a possible occurrence of mudrock
flows and snow avalanches.
The group of complexity of a high-voltage line crossing over a water body is determined on the
basis of the conditions specified in Table 9.3.
The composition of engineering hydrological works is determined depending on the width of the
water bodies crossed by the route, and the need for erecting special supports within the given water
area or in the floodplain.
For the crossings included in Complexity Group I (small crossings), it is necessary to determine the
number of crossings and the valley hydrological and morphological characteristics taken into account
when placing the high-voltage line poles.
For the crossings over the water bodies belonging to Complexity Groups II and III (medium and
large crossings), an engineering hydrometeorological survey should include:
the detailed hydrological an morphological surveys of crossing sections;
determination of historical high water levels, the frequency, duration and period of floodplain
floods, minimum and maximum water levels during ice movement;
the study of the features of ice conditions and determination of the characteristics of ice movement
(including the bed and floodplain lake ice) in the floodplain area;
calculation of the hydrological regime characteristics on the basis of the available materials or using
indirect assessment methods;
a preliminary forecast of bed and flood plain deformations, etc.
When selecting an optimum direction of a high-voltage line route, it is necessary, first of all, to take
into account the following conditions:
the ratio between the length of the route crossing span within the water body crossing section and
the design length of the span of the given line structure;
maximum floodplain flooding width and depth and ice movement in the floodplain;
likelihood of ice dams and jams in the crossing area;
shipping activities and a maximum ship height clearance;
The list of hydrological and meteorological characteristics determined when conducting an
engineering hydrometeorological survey for selecting the direction of a high-voltage line (location of a
substation) is given in Tables 9.4 and 9.5.
The engineering hydrometeorological survey conducted along the selected direction of a high-
voltage line is designed for refining the engineering hydrological conditions of the route crossings
over water bodies, determined at the stage of substantiation of investments in construction, and
obtaining the design hydrological and meteorological conditions required for substantiating the design
of the line structures.
For the water objects belonging to Complexity Group I, the engineering survey intended for
substantiating design documents should include a reconnaissance survey of the crossing area
conducted to determine more exactly the crossing section position, the river bed and floodplain
morphometric characteristics, the water level oscillation amplitudes and bed resistance to the bed and
floodplain erosion in the areas of the route crossings.
For the insufficiently studied water objects belonging to Complexity Group II and III, an engineering
survey should provide for a detailed study of the route crossing areas and observing the water body
hydrological regime.
The hydrological regime observations should be conducted in accordance with the recommended
scope for the study of river hydrological regimes in the bridge crossing areas (see i.9.3), supplemented
by the survey works performed to examine the surface speeds and directions of currents.
The engineering hydrometeorological survey carried out for elaborating the design documents
should obtain the characteristics of the climatic conditions throughout the route, the design
characteristics of the water body regimes, and a set of data on the hydrological conditions in the areas
of high-voltage line route crossings that should be sufficient for substantiating the arrangement of the
crossing poles, selecting their design, and, if necessary, designing the engineering protection measures
and structures (Tables 9.4 and 9.5).

Table 9.3
Crossing complexity Conditions of a high-voltage line route crossing over a water body
group
I One design line span supported by (line) poles, adopted for designing a
specific high-voltage line, crosses a water body and its floodplain
II A water body has the width of the bed and the flood plain, or a potential bank
erosion zone, exceeding the design span, which requires the use of line poles
with supports, or a special foundation protection arrangement
III A navigable waterway, navigable channel or canal is crossed using specially
designed towers having the height of 50 m or more, or any water area crossed
by a span more that 700 m long regardless of the tower height.

Note: The length of the design span supported by line poles used for designing high-voltage lines
for the given type of terrain, should be specified by designers in the survey technical assignment.

Table 9.4

Hydrological characteristics and data taken into account when substantiating the investments
in and the design of construction of high-voltage lines and substations

when selecting a high- in the selected and approved high-voltage line route (substation site)
voltage line route and the area
place of location of a
substation
III and II groups of complexity of crossings over water bodies
Number of crossings Design high water levels with a recurrence of Р %, (average and
 maximum) flooding zone width and depth, average current speeds (by
the crossing profile sections) at design levels.
The width of a bed or the An outstanding high water level or the highest water level of the
predicted bed and floodplain number of known levels, the year of occurrence and an approximate
deformation zone; probability by the analogue; the middle and extreme dates of the start
recommended crossing span and the end of the spring tide (flood period), the highest observed level;
length; bank height and duration of high level periods; rise and fall intensity; water level during
resistance to erosion; a low- and medium-water period. Maximum water discharges with
floodplain width, flooding prescribed probabilities (if it is necessary to calculate the high water
depth, resistance to erosion; level with the recurrence of P% using a hydraulic morphometric
ice movement in the method).
Ice conditions: dates of commencement of the main ice phases; the
floodplain and its middle and extreme dates of the start and the end of the spring ice
characteristics; navigation movement (flood period), the highest observed water level during the
activities; a ship above- spring ice movement; the design high water level at the prescribed
water
height dimension taking probability; ice-movement zones in the floodplain; the maximum sizes
into account the navigation of ice-floes of bed and floodplain lake origin; ice-floe movement
prospects directional pattern; the angle of ice-floe approach to the route at the
points of erection of the floodplain poles; the observed highest ice
thickness and ice thickness in the period prior to ice movement; the
places of formation of ice bulks, their height, width, extension; presence
of places of formation of ice dams, their impact on the river regime in
the crossing area; the start of an ice crossing period.
The type of a bed process, its directionality, intensity, the average
annual rate of deformation of the bed banks and channels; the width of
the predicted deformation zone for the structure service life, the
maximum erosion depth and the predicted position (profile) of the bed
and channels.
A set of hydromorphological characteristics of a floodplain, channels, a
bed, bed banks: vegetation, relief, soils, high water flooding and
clearing conditions, current directions, speeds, slopes, high water marks
and spring ice-movement traces, inwash and washout areas, bed
formations and their influence on bank deformation taking into account
the predicted development of the bed process and flood plain
deformation, the floodplain massif type, presence of crossings, period of
limitation of their operation, etc.
The hydromorphological characteristics of the valley, its width, height,
profile, ruggedness, turf coverage, slope stability; bed and floodplain
width and maximum depths; the bed banks height, profile, stability;
deformation processes.
I group of complexity of crossings over water bodies
Number of crossings The hydromorphological characteristics of the valley, its width, height,
profile, ruggedness, turf coverage, slope stability; bed and floodplain
width and maximum depths; the bed banks height, profile, stability;
deformation processes.
I , II, III groups of complexity of crossings over water bodies
Navigation activities, the type and class of a water body in terms of
navigation conditions; a ship above-water height dimension taking into
account the navigation prospects.
Timber rafting operations, type of timber rafting, its possible exit to the
floodplain.
Data on the existing hydraulic structures and the hydraulic structures
being designed and their effect on the hydrological regime in the
crossing section.

Note: The scope and composition of an engineering hydrometeorological survey conducted at the
crossings belonging to Complexity Group I correspond to the scope and composition of Complexity
Group II if: the pole is located in the zone of a possible water stream action during the operation of
the high-voltage line; a high-voltage line is designed to be built (by agreement with the local
authorities) along the bed within its action zone.

Table 9.5
 Hydrological characteristics and data taken into account when elaborating the substantiation
of the investments and the design of construction of high-voltage lines and substations

when selecting a high-voltage
line route and the place of
location of a substation
Parameters characterizing the
conditions of environmental
pollution by natural sources
(alkali soils, saline lakes, seas,
etc.) and wastes (effluents) of
industrial enterprises
Main climatic parameters
(using regional maps and
reference and methodological
materials)
in the selected and approved high-voltage line route and substation
site area
Air temperature: average monthly and average annual temperatures;
absolute minimum and maximum, average absolute minimum; a
design temperature of the coldest 5-year period and under glaze
conditions; duration of warm and cold periods
Wind: recurrence of directions by eight rhumbs and calms. Monthly
and annual data: average annual and average monthly speed,
maximum observed and maximum design speed with a prescribed
recurrence; average and maximum number of days with strong
wind;
The climatic parameters under the conditions of a maximum ice
loading with or without wind, and a maximum wind load under
glaze conditions: glaze wall equivalent thickness, wind load under
glaze conditions; data on glaze coverage.
Number of days with thunderstorms (monthly and annual data),
duration of thunderstorms in hours, number of lightning strikes at
the ground, between the clouds in mountainous regions
Number of days with blizzards and dust storms (monthly and annual
data)
Average and maximum number of days with fogs and dew (monthly
and annual data)
Average sums of atmospheric precipitations for each month of a
warm and a cold period, and annually, the amount of solid, mixed
and liquid precipitants (percentage of the total amount) for each
month and annually
Average ten-day snow cover height, the average maximum and
minimum of the maximum heights (by a constant staff) for a year;
snow cover density, date snow cover appearance and disappearance,
design snow load
Average freezing depth for each month, the average of the maximum
and minimum depths

9.5 An engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for substantiating the design of trunk
pipeline routes are designed mainly for determining the hydrological conditions of water bodies
crossed by the pipeline route.
When selecting the route direction, at the stage of substantiation of investments in the construction
of a trunk pipeline, the following conditions are determined on the basis of the hydrometeorological
and cartographic knowledge of the region:
climatic conditions of the area;
location and number of small crossings;
hydrological conditions of large and medium crossings.
A route crossing should be related to an appropriate complexity group depending on the water body
depth and width in accordance with Table 9.6.
In the event of an insufficient knowledge of the region, the engineering survey should provide for a
ground reconnaissance survey of the areas where large and medium crossings are located. Small
crossings may be surveyed if they are located in the route sections having a developed ravine and gully
system.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey intended for substantiating design documents is
conducted along the selected route direction in order to determine more exactly and detail the
hydrological conditions and obtain the design hydrological characteristics of the water bodies,
classified as large and medium on the basis of the pipeline crossing conditions, and to obtain the
initial data for assessing the hydrological conditions in the areas where small crossings are located.
The scope of an engineering hydrometeorological survey should be determined on the basis of the
method of installation of a pipeline and the groups of complexity that its crossings over water bodies
are assigned to.
When using an above-ground pipelining method, the surveys of the water bodies crossed by the
pipeline route should concentrate on determining the maximum water levels, the intensity and
direction of deformation processes, and, when crossing a ravine area, on water erosion and its
intensity.
Prior to laying a pipeline in an earth dike cofferdam having a water conduit, the survey should also
determine the water hydroeconomic conditions in the river basin and the riverbed and the floodplain
hydraulic characteristics.
The underground pipelining method requires a detailed assessment of the water erosion intensity,
the forms of manifestation and the direction of water erosion, and the bed bottom and banks water
erosion resistance. The hydrological conditions of small watercourses are assessed, as a rule, on the
basis of available hydrological materials supplemented by the results of a reconnaissance survey
including a package of morphometric works. If the route is designed to be built in the areas of an
intensive development of a ravine and gully system, it is recommended to identify reference areas
(that are representative by their runoff and water erosion activity) and provide for observations to be
carried out to monitor the runoff of small rivers in combination with the works designed to study the
water erosion activity.
When surveying large and medium crossings, in addition to the data obtained at the stage of
substantiation of investments in the construction of a trunk pipeline route, the following conditions
should be determined:
the importance of the river as a fishing ground indicating the location of wintering pits and
spawning areas;
the presence of surface and soil infiltration water intakes, beaches, rest and tourist zones located
downstream of the pipeline crossing site;
the presence of ship anchorages located close to the crossing and their positions;
the presence of dredging sites;
the presence and experience of operation of existing pipeline or cable line crossings.
To assess the hydrological conditions of the hydrologically unstudied or insufficiently studied
medium and large route crossings, the engineering survey scope should provide for organization of
observations of the characteristics of the hydrological regime and a detailed examination of the areas
where the crossings are located.
As a rule, the scope of hydrological observations performed at the established posts include: water
temperature, level and discharge measurements; the study of ice conditions in the crossing area;
collection of bottom sediments samples; a detailed measurement of current speeds for determining
their distribution pattern in the section and the plan of the crossing area; the study of the bed bank and
bottom deformation.
For large crossings, the scope of observations should additionally include the study of the turbidity
conditions, the tractional sediment runoff and sand ranges parameters.
The survey works should result in a detailed assessment of the hydrometeorological conditions of
the pipeline installation area and obtain the design meteorological and hydrological characteristics
required for substantiating the pipeline installation project design (table 9.7).

Table 9.6
Crossing complexity Conditions of a crossing of a water body by a trunk pipeline route
group
I Water surface area width at a low-water period for the route crossing section
equal to 30 m at an average depth of up to 1.5 m
II Same, from 31 to 75 m at an average depth of more than 1.5 m
III Same, less than 75 m, but the flood zone with the 20-day standing water level
at a 10% excedence probability is more than 500m

9.6 Engineering hydrometeorological surveys for river transport projects, depending on the tasks to
be fulfilled, should produce the initial data required for substantiating the investments in and the
project of construction of structures and the measures designed to improve the navigation conditions
within a part of a river, a water transport junction or fleet mooring conditions.
9.7 When implementing an engineering survey, it is necessary to set up a network of level posts,
observe the water surface slope (daily level measurements), the runoff distribution in the bed channels,
and current speeds at the rifts.

Table 9.7
Characteristics of Hydrometeorological characteristics determined when conducting an
natural conditions engineering hydrometeorological survey for elaborating the substantiation of
investments and a project of construction of trunk pipelines
when selecting the pipeline additionally in the selected pipeline route area
route
For trunk pipeline routes
Climate Extreme and average values Average and maximum soil freezing depth
 of air temperature and and average duration of a freezing period;
humidity, atmospheric average monthly and annual soil surface
precipitation, wind; temperatures and their depth distribution;
maximum snow cover height glaze-ice and rime deposition weight
and normative soil freezing
depth; atmospheric
phenomena
For small crossings
River hydrological Number of crossings Design maximum water levels*, design
regimes approximately determined by maximum water discharge**, maximum
the route characteristic possible bed bottom erosion depth; a forecast
sections for the ravine bottom erosion at the end of the
structure service life
For large and medium crossings
River hydrological Design maximum water levels; maximum and
regimes minimum spring ice movement levels;
average and maximum surface and bottom
current speeds; medium and extreme dates
when water temperature crosses 12° ***,
water turbidity in the period free from ice***;
sediment discharge and bottom range
parameters***
Bed and floodplain Maximum bed bottom erosion depth;
deformation predicted bed bottom erosion profile; a
forecast for the bed and floodplain
deformation over a set period

___________
*When using an above-ground pipelining method
**When a pipeline is laid using an earth dike cofferdam built in a water body
***For working out a construction organization design

To develop environmental protection measures, the scope of an engineering survey should include
the study of a river hydrological regime and a sediment regime.
A survey, designed to be conducted for the construction of structures, assigned Responsibility Levels
I and II, located in the river sections characterized by complex bed activity conditions, water and ice
thermal regimes, may include special works and investigations.

The list of the hydrological characteristics to be determined is given in Table 9.8.

Table 9.8
Characteristics of Hydrological characteristics determined when conducting an engineering
natural conditions hydrometeorological survey for designing river transport projects
Water levels Medium and extreme dates of commencement of hydrological regime
phases and characteristic levels; design characteristic and daily levels
having various probabilities, the duration of occurrence of various levels
and their probabilities
Water and sediment Design maximum and minimum water discharges; plots showing the
discharges relation between water discharges and levels, turbidity, sediment
discharges; the curves showing the percentage of river runoff distribution
among its channels
Water surface slopes Longitudinal water surface profile, relation between the slopes and water
rise and fall levels
Current speed Maximum and average current speed including the current speed at the
rifts, current speeds at varying levels
Ice conditions Ice strength before ice break-up and in the period of the spring ice
movement, ice-floe size, speed of ice-floes and the angle of approach
towards the bank, the places of formation of ice mounds, their height, width
and extension, presence and frequency of formation of ice dams and jams,
dates of commencement of ice phases
Wave climate The characteristics of wave climates having various probabilities at design
levels and their recurrence, period of waves (in the rivers taking into
account river currents)
Bed processes The type of the process, the extent of development, deformation
characteristics, maximum erosion depth, drifting rate and the predicted
 position of the bed and bed formations
Water chemical Presence of the main normative chemical composition ingredients
composition

9.7 The scope of an engineering hydrometeorological survey for designing sea transport projects
should be determined depending on the type of the structures being designed and their position
relative to the shore.
When conducting an engineering survey for designing the projects located in the sea near-shore
zones, the composition of works provides for obtaining data on the sea shore dynamics (shore and
bottom erosion, sediment movement along the shore, formation of accumulative features) and ice
conditions (fast ice width, hummock, dam and mound formation).
For the structures located within the water surface area, the main loads and actions are those
produced by waves, ice drift, currents and winds. The composition and nature of movement of bottom
alluvia and sediments should also be studied.
The scope of engineering survey should include the collection of data on the action of
hydrometeorological processes and phenomena on the existing hydrological structures.
9.8 An engineering hydrometeorological survey for designing large river waterworks facilities
should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the sectoral regulatory documents. The
scope of an engineering survey should provide for obtaining initial data for assessing the impact of the
construction and the operation of hydroelectric power stations and hydroelectric pumped storage
power stations on the environment and working out the environmental protection measures.
9.9 An engineering hydrometeorological survey designed for the construction of hydraulic structures
in oil fields located within the sea shelf zones, is, as a rule, conducted ahead of other types of
engineering surveys, starting at the stage of preparation of oil and gas prospective areas for execution
of drilling works.
On the basis of collection and analysis of archival records, the degree of knowledge of the survey
area hydrometeorological and lithological conditions as well as the reliability and representativeness
of the available materials and the possibility of their utilization for designing marine hydrological
structures are assessed.
If an engineering survey area is located within a sea shelf zone, it is usually assumed that the sea
area in an unstudied territory and that the observation data obtained from the coast stations and posts
can be used only for reducing short rows of hydrometeorological characteristics to a long-term period.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey should produce a sufficient time series of observations.
The duration of observations should be not less than 5 years before commencing the development of
the project.
To support the prospect drilling activities, the wind, wave climate, current parameters are measured
and the ice conditions are observed.
The main meteorological variables and sea characteristics in a shelf zone are observed using the
self-contained buoy-based measuring equipment or the measuring equipment installed on drilling
platforms.
An engineering hydrometeorological survey conducted on construction sites and service line routes
should obtain the data required for:
selecting an optimum option of location of structures and service line routes;
adopting main building concepts with respect to the design of the structures to be erected;
designing the construction programme and the schedule of works.
The composition and scope of observations are determined depending on the degree of knowledge of
the hydrometeorological regime elements and the structural features of the selected types of
hydrological structures and service lines.
As a rule, the composition of hydrological observations includes: measurements of water levels,
wave climate, currents, water temperature; the study of water chemical composition and ice
conditions.
Meteorological observations should include the observations of:
air temperature and humidity;
wind direction and speed;
precipitation;
horizontal visibility;
atmospheric phenomena and ice formation, etc.
The hydrological observations may be combined, if necessary, with the execution of lithodynamic
works to obtain the initial data for:
a general assessment of lithodynamic processes in the survey area;
identification of the erosion zone and the zones of accumulation of beach and bottom sediments in
plan and in depth;
a forecast assessment of the rate of erosion and the presence of accumulations near service lines and
hydrological structures;
assessment of the rate of coverage by the drifting material of the open mine workings located on the
sea bottom;
substantiation of the survey area size and test depth when conducting an engineering geological
survey in the area where service lines adjoin the shore line;
identification of the factors limiting the excavation of bottom soils used as building materials.
The scope of an engineering hydrometeorological survey conducted in the area characterized by
particularly complex natural conditions may include experimental investigations carried out in
accordance with specially designed programs.

APPENDIX A
(mandatory)

CONDITIONS DETERMINING THE METHOD OF OBTAINING

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Extent to Responsibilit Scope of an engineering Method of determination of design

which the area y level hydrometeorological survey hydrometeorological characteristics
has been assigned to a
studied structure
Studied area I, II Collection of available The hydrological characteristics
hydrometeorological materials. A determined by transferring the post
reconnaissance survey of a water representative data to the
body and a construction site. construction site
Morphometric works. Random Meteorological characteristics
measurements of various water using the corrections allowing for
body regime characteristics. A the differences between the terrain
microclimatic survey of the protection conditions in the
construction site. Office meteorological station area and on
processing of the materials. the construction site
III Same as for the structures The hydrological characteristics
assigned Responsibility Levels I determined in the same way as for
and II except for the the structures assigned
microclimatic survey of the Responsibility Levels I and II.
construction site. Meteorological characteristics –
without introducing corrections for
terrain protection conditions
Insufficiently I, II Hydrological and meteorological The hydrological characteristics
studied area observations are conducted determined by transferring the
additionally within the scope of design data obtained at the
surveys, designed for the representative analogue post using
structures assigned Responsibility simultaneous observations The
Levels I and I, conducted in the meteorological characteristics
studied area. determined using the differences
and ratios method.
III Same as for the structures The hydrological characteristics
assigned Responsibility Level III determined using the hydrological
in the studied area analogy method, the calculation
formulae, refining their parameters
using the survey data
The meteorological characteristics
determined using the data obtained
at the nearest meteorological
station that is representative for the
climate background characteristics
Unstudied I, II The following additional The hydrological characteristics
area observations are included in the determined on the basis of the
survey scope for the structures following methods and calculation
assigned Responsibility Levels I procedures:
and II conducted in the studied a hydrological analogy method
area: using the main conditions and
observations of water body factors; geographical interpolation
regimes in reference areas of the values of characteristics;
(basins); empirical calculation formulae;
a work package designed to study regional dependencies.
the hydrometeorological processes A hydrometeorological process
 and investigations performed in
accordance with special
programmes; meteorological
observations
III The works included in the
engineering survey scope for the
structures assigned Responsibility
Levels I and II conducted in the
studied area except for the
microclimatic survey of a
construction site
forecast made on the basis of
special calculations or simulation
methods using the field observation
data.
The meteorological characteristics
determined using the differences
and ratios method based on the
data obtained by simultaneous
observations performed on the
construction site and at the nearest
representative meteorological
station, using the regional
dependencies with respect to the
distribution of meteorological
elements.
The hydrological characteristics
determined using the calculation
formulae given in SNiP 2.01.14-83
for determining the design
characteristics in the absence of
observation data.
The meteorological characteristics
determined using the data obtained
at the nearest meteorological
station that is representative for the
assessment of climate background
characteristics

Notes: 1. The necessity of inclusion of the works, performed to study climatic conditions,
hazardous hydrometeorological processes and to conduct special investigations, in the survey scope
should be determined for each project on the basis of the specific natural conditions and design
objectives.
2. For rivers with a water collection area exceeding the limits specified in SNiP 2.01.14-83, the
maximum water discharges should be determined on the basis of observation results.

APPENDIX B
(mandatory)

LIST OF HAZARDOUS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA

Processes, Type and nature of the action produced by a process, Area of occurrence
phenomena phenomenon

Flooding Inundation of the structures located within the process River valley bottom,
impact zone riparian zones of water
storage reservoirs,
lakes and seas
Tsunami Inundation of a sea riparian zone and a dynamic A riparian zone of
action exerted on the structures located within the open seas adjoining the
range of impact of the process ocean bed
characterized by active
seismicity

Hurricane winds, and A dynamic action, exerted on the structures, having a Having a limited front,
spouts devastating effect within the range o f impact of the extending in the
process direction of the
development of the
process
Snow avalanches Snow masses moving down a slope accompanied by Snow avalanche
exertion of a snow dynamic pressure and an air shock direction
wave acting on the entire structure
Snow drifts Large snow cover deposits preventing the enterprises Range of action of a
and the transport from normal operation meteorological
phenomenon
Glaze Increased weight of structural units as a result of their Individual natural
being covered with ice, rime zones with different
process parameters
Mudrock flows A dynamic action exerted by a mudrock flow on all River valleys of
structures, a washout of the bed in the zone of its mudrock flow carrying
transport and deposition of the flow material within rivers and temporary
the debris cone watercourses
Bed process Accumulative erosive action exerted on the bottom, Riverbed and
the riverbed banks and floodplain interfering with the floodplain and the
stability or normal conditions of operation of the adjoining territory
structures located in the area
Transformation of An erosive action exerted on the bank causing its The riparian zones of
the banks of rivers, retrogression and disintegration of the structures rivers, lakes, water
lakes, water storage located in this area storage reservoirs
reservoirs, sea shore
abrasion

APPENDIX C
(mandatory)

CRITERIA FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT HAZARDOUS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA WHEN DESIGNING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Processes, phenomena Quantitative characteristics of manifestation of processes and phenomena

Flood Flooding reaching the depth of more than 1,0 m at the water flow velocity
of more than 0,7 m/s
Wind Having the speed of more than 30 m/c, for sea coasts – more than 35 m/s,
with gusts of more than 40 m/s
Rain A precipitation layer more than 30 mm deep formed in the period of 12
hours or less in the areas of occurrence of mudrock flows and storm
rainfalls
More than 50 mm during 12 hours or less in other areas
100 mm during 2 days or less,
150 mm during 4 days or less,
250 mm during 9 days or less,
400 mm during 14 days or less
Storm rainfall A precipitation layer more than 30 mm deep formed during 1 h or less
Glaze Ice deposition on wires with the ice wall thickness of more than 25 mm
Mudrock flows Hazardous for the population and national economy infrastructure
Snow avalanches Same
Spouts Any types
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1. AREA OF APPLICATION
2. MAIN NOTIONS AND DEFINITIONS
3. GENERAL PROVISIONS
4. SCOPE OF AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
SURVEY. GENERAL ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS
5. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR
ELABORATION OF CITY-PLANNING DOCUMENTS..................................
6. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR
SUBSTANTIATION OF INVESTMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STRUCTURES
7. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT OF CONSTRUCTION OF NEW
STRUCTURES AND EXPANSION, RENOVATION AND TECHNICAL RE-
EQUIPMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
8. AN ENGINEERING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SURVEY DESIGNED
FOR ELABORATION OF WORKING DOCUMENTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION AND CONDUCTED DURING THE PERIOD OF
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF STRUCTURES
9. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPOSITION OF SURVEY WORKS
AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS BEING
DETERMINED DEPENDING ON THE TYPE AND DESIGNATION OF A
STRUCTURE
APPENDIX A (mandatory). CONDITIONS DETERMINING THE METHOD
OF OBTAINING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
APPENDIX B (mandatory). LIST OF HAZARDOUS
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA
APPENDIX C (mandatory). CRITERIA FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
HAZARDOUS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND
PHENOMENA WHEN DESIGNING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS