Hurricane Leslie

10/18/2018 Hurricane Leslie (2018) - Wikipedia
Hurricane Leslie (2018)

Hurricane Leslie (known as Storm Leslie or Cyclone
Hurricane Leslie
Leslie in Portugal and Spain while extratropical) was the strongest
cyclone to strike the Iberian Peninsula since 1842. A large, long-lived, and Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
erratic tropical cyclone, Leslie was the twelfth named storm and sixth
hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm was of non-
tropical origin, developing from a large low-pressure system that
developed over the northern Atlantic Ocean on 22 September. The low
quickly acquired subtropical characteristics and was classified as
Subtropical Storm Leslie on the following day. The cyclone meandered
over the northern Atlantic and gradually weakened, before merging with
a frontal system on 25 September, which later intensified into a powerful
hurricane-force low over the north Atlantic.
While Post-Tropical Cyclone Leslie began to weaken on 27 September, it

simultaneously began to reacquire subtropical characteristics, and by late
on 28 September, Leslie had completed the transition to a subtropical
storm once again. Leslie gradually intensified, becoming a hurricane early
on 3 October, and initially peaked with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) later
that day. Leslie gradually weakened, falling to tropical storm intensity
late on 4 October. The cyclone continued to slowly weaken before
beginning to re-strengthen on 8 October. On 10 October, Leslie reached Hurricane Leslie near peak intensity
hurricane status for a second time. Leslie continued to slowly strengthen, southwest of the Azores on 11 October
reaching peak intensity with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a Formed 23 September 2018
minimum central pressure of 969 mbar (28.62 inHg), on 12 October. Dissipated 16 October 2018
Leslie then began to gradually weaken over the next day, while (Extratropical after 13 October)
accelerating towards the northeast, before transitioning into an
extratropical cyclone just off the coast of Portugal on 13 October, before
Highest winds 1-minute sustained:
making landfall shortly afterward. Leslie's remnant continued moving 90 mph (150 km/h)
eastward while rapidly weakening, dissipating on 16 October near the Lowest pressure 969 mbar (hPa); 28.61
Franco-Spanish border. inHg
Fatalities 2 direct, 13 indirect
Hurricane Leslie prompted the issuance of tropical storm watches and
Damage ≥ $92.4 million (2018
warnings for Madeira Island, the first in its history.[1] The storm was also
USD)
responsible for 15 deaths, including 2 in Portugal and 13 in France.[2][3]
Areas affected Azores, Bermuda, East
Coast of the United
States, Madeira, Iberian
Contents Peninsula, France
Meteorological history Part of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane and

Origins and initial extratropical transition 2018–19 European windstorm seasons
Tropical transition, initial peak and subsequent weakening
Peak intensity, second extratropical transition and demise
Preparations and impact
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Leslie_(2018) 1/8
United States
Madeira
Mainland Portugal
Spain
France
See also
References
External links
Meteorological history
Origins and initial extratropical transition

On 19 September, in the midst of an active month of tropical cyclone
formation in the North Atlantic basin, the National Hurricane Center
(NHC) began monitoring the potential for a non-tropical low pressure
system to form several hundred miles southwest of the Azores, with
the possibility of the low gradually acquiring tropical or subtropical
characteristics.[4] Three days later, on September 22, a non-tropical
low formed along a frontal boundary associated with the remnants of
Hurricane Florence about 850 miles south-southwest of the Azores.[5]
The low quickly acquired subtropical characteristics as it meandered
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the
over the northeastern Atlantic, and at 15:00 UTC on 23 September,
storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
the NHC initiated advisories on Subtropical Storm Leslie.[6]
Initially, the future evolution of Leslie was rather uncertain, due to the
possibility of a larger low pressure system becoming dominant and absorbing
Leslie, although some global forecast models maintained Leslie as the
dominant system.[7] Over the next couple of days, Leslie drifted eastward
without changing in intensity, before weakening into a subtropical depression
at 03:00 UTC on 25 September.[8][9]
Six hours later, Leslie became an extratropical cyclone. Microwave data

showed that the system had a surface circulation elongated around an
intruding baroclinic zone.[10] At 18:00 UTC on 25 September, the NHC
forecasted that Leslie would regain subtropical characteristics in a couple
days.[11] Soon afterward, Leslie merged with an approaching frontal system
and subsequently strengthened; on 27 September, at 00:00 UTC, Leslie
acquired hurricane-force winds, due to baroclinic processes.[12] As Leslie began
to regain subtropical characteristics, it weakened to tropical storm force
strength.[13] At 21:00 UTC on 28 September, the NHC resumed issuing Leslie shortly after being classified
advisories on Leslie as a subtropical storm, as its organization had increased as a subtropical storm on 23
September
and baroclinic features had disappeared.[14]
Tropical transition, initial peak and subsequent weakening
Soon after being reclassified as a subtropical storm, Leslie began to turn due to
interactions with the subtropical ridge to the west and a large deep-layer low
that was forming to the east. Over the course of a day, Leslie turned from a
westerly direction to the southwest.[14][15] At the same time, Leslie was
acquiring more tropical characteristics. On 29 September at 21:00 UTC, Leslie
became fully tropical after developing an anticyclonic outflow to its northeast
and southeast as well as in its main convective band. Additionally, Leslie had
transitioned to a warm core structure.[16]
For the next day and a half, Leslie meandered over the north Atlantic without
any change in intensity. At 09:00 UTC on 1 October, Leslie began to strengthen
with the NHC noting an increase in convective banding in the north and
northwest.[17] Leslie continued to slowly strengthen over the next couple of
days, before becoming a hurricane on 3 October at 09:00 UTC.[18] At that time,
deep convection surrounding Leslie had immensely improved and a well
Hurricane Leslie at its initial peak defined low-level eye had developed. Additionally, steering currents that had
intensity on 3 October been taking Leslie southwestward over the last several days completely
collapsed, resulting in the hurricane becoming stationary.[19] Six hours later, at
15:00 UTC, Leslie reached its initial peak intensity with maximum sustained
winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 975 mbar (28.80 inHg).[20] At 21:00 UTC, Leslie began to
move northward, under the influence of a shortwave trough to the northwest and a mid-level ridge to the southeast.[21]
Leslie maintained peak intensity for twelve hours before beginning to weaken.[22] On 4 October at 21:00 UTC, Leslie
weakened into a tropical storm.[23] Leslie's structure continued to degrade with the NHC noting that the system lacked an
inner wind core.[24] Over the next few days, Leslie turned from the north to the southeast, as it encountered the southern
edge of the mid-latitude westerlies.[25] Leslie continued to gradually weaken as a result of increased wind shear, weakening
to a tropical storm with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on 8 October, at 03:00 UTC.[26]
Peak intensity, second extratropical transition and demise

On 8 October, the storm began to intensify once more.[27] Convection had
deepened and an inner core was trying to form in the tropical storm.
Additionally, the cloud pattern of Leslie had become more symmetric.[28] Over
the next day, intensification continued, with Leslie re-achieving hurricane
status for a second time at 03:00 UTC on 10 October.[29] At 09:00 UTC, Leslie
turned southward, under the influence of a broad mid- to upper-level
trough.[30] Over the next eighteen hours, Leslie turned from the south to the
east-northeast, due to a mid-latitude trough.[31] It later reached its peak
intensity with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum central
pressure of 969 mbar (28.62 inHg), on 12 October at 03:00 UTC.[32] The
hurricane maintained its peak intensity for six hours before beginning to
weaken once more.[33]
Leslie continued to gradually weaken over the next day, as it accelerated to the
northeast.[34] At 18:00 UTC on 13 October, Leslie fell below hurricane strength Hurricane Leslie approaching the
as it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, while situated about 120 miles Iberian Peninsula on 13 October
(190 km) west-northwest of Lisbon, Portugal.[35] Three hours later, the NHC
issued its last advisory on Leslie as it approached the western coast of Portugal.[36] Soon afterward, Leslie's extratropical
remnant made landfall in Figueira da Foz at 21:10 UTC, causing damage throughout the country's central coast.[37]
Afterward, Leslie rapidly weakened while moving eastward, reaching the French border by 15 October.[38][39] Early on 16
October, Leslie's remnant dissipated over southern France.[40]
Preparations and impact
United States
From late September through early October, Leslie brought high surf to the East Coast of the United States, inducing the
highest swell observed in some locations for years. Leslie also generated the single-longest period of tropical swells
observed in the Outer Banks in the last 20 years, producing surf at chest-height or higher. The highest surf was observed
on 26–28 September, when Leslie was a powerful extratropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds.[41]
Madeira
Late on 11 October, the Government of Portugal issued a tropical storm watch for Madeira Island,[42] which was changed
to a tropical storm warning six hours later.[43] It was the first known tropical storm warning issued for that island in
recorded history.[1] Madeira officials closed beaches and parks.[44] The threat of the storm caused eight airlines to cancel
flights into Madeira. More than 180 sports matches on the island were canceled, more than half of which affecting the
Madeira Football Association.[45] The warnings were discounted on 13 October as Leslie moved away from the islands.[46]
Mainland Portugal
In advance of Leslie, IPMA issued red warnings for high winds or dangerous coastal
Deaths from Leslie by country
conditions for 13 out of its 18 districts, including the capital Lisbon.[47] Several events
were canceled or postponed, including the Revenge of the 90s party scheduled for the Country Deaths
night of 13 October in Lisbon being postponed to the 20th. A Mafalda Veiga concert in Portugal 2
Campo Pequeno, the play "Baixa Terapia" at the Tivoli BBVA, and the evening session France 13
of the French Film Festival were also canceled.[48] In addition, the final match of the
Total 15
Rink Hockey Female European Championship, played on 14 October in Mealhada, was
suspended with less than two minutes left.[49]
At 21:10 UTC on 13 October, Leslie made landfall in Figueira da Foz as a storm-force extratropical cyclone with winds of
70 mph (110 km/h). It was the first cyclone of tropical origin to hit the Iberian Peninsula since Vince in 2005, and the
strongest cyclone to hit the peninsula since 1842. Winds up to 109 mph (175 km/h) were recorded in Figueira da Foz, and
heavy rains and strong waves affected the entire country, leaving 324,000 homes without power, more than 60 people
needed to be evacuated. At least 1,000 trees were uprooted in the coastal areas.[50] The storm caused 2 deaths, and slightly
injured 28 others.[2] Damage in the Centro region exceeded €80 million (US$92.4 million), primarily in Figueira da Foz,
Montemor-o-Velho, Soure, Condeixa-a-Nova, Marinha Grande and Pombal.[51]
Spain
Winds of up to 96 km/h (60 mph) were reported near Zamora. Villardeciervos also recorded winds of 87 km/h (54 mph);
strong winds caused trees to be uprooted. AEMET issued the yellow level warnings due to the risk of storms related to
Leslie, advising citizens to beware objects that may fall on public roads. There are no reports of fatalities due to Leslie in
Spain.[52]
France
The extratropical humidity of Leslie's dissipating remnant fed a quasi-stationary cold front over southwestern France,
generating heavy thunderstorms and leading to flash flooding in that area.[53] Carcassonne received 160–180 mm (6.3–
7.1 in) of rainfall within five hours; water level in the city rose 8 m (26 ft) during that period. At least 13 people died
because of the flash flood, mainly in the town of Villegailhenc, Aude.[3] This was partially due to the fact that the Aude
River rose to a height of 7 m (23 ft), its highest level since 1891.[54] Wind gusts of 111 km/h (69 mph) and wave heights of
7.8 m (26 ft) were recorded in Sète.[55]
See also
Tropical cyclone effects in Europe
Hurricane Ginger (1971) – The second longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane on record; took an erratic track across the
western Atlantic
Hurricane Vince (2005) – A hurricane that made landfall on the Iberian Peninsula as a tropical depression
Hurricane Nadine (2012) – Long-lived and erratic hurricane of similar intensity
Hurricane Ophelia (2017) – The easternmost Atlantic major hurricane on record; had similarly severe impacts in
Ireland and the United Kingdom as an extratropical cyclone
References
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13/al132018.discus.063.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
2. "Leslie. 28 feridos e mais de duas mil ocorrências. O que se sabe até agora" (https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/fur
acao-leslie-o-que-se-sabe-ate-agora) (in Portuguese). SAPO 24. October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
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n-france-doc-1a12231). Toulouse: Agence France-Presse. October 15, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
4. David Zelinsky (September 21, 2018). NHC Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Archive (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/a
rchive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
5. Michael J. Brennan (September 22, 2018). NHC Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Archive (https://www.nhc.noaa.g
ov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201809221436&basin=atl&fdays=5) (Report). Miami, Florida:
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2018/al13/al132018.discus.001.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23,
2018.
7. Lixion Avila (September 23, 2018). Subtropical Storm Leslie Discussion Number 3 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/
2018/al12/al132018.discus.003.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8,
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_issuance=201809252231&basin=atl&fdays=5). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and
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11 October 2018.
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cus.035.shtml?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved
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us.050.shtml?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved
13 October 2018.
29. Blake, Eric. Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 55 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.public.055.s
html?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 October
2018.
30. Cangialosi, John. Hurricane Leslie Discussion Number 56 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.dis
13 October 2018.
31. Zelinsky, David. Hurricane Leslie Discussion Number 58 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.discu
s.058.shtml?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved
13 October 2018.
32. Blake, Eric. Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 63 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.public.063.s
html?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 October
2018.
33. Brennan, Michael. Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 65 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.publi
13 October 2018.
34. Avila, Lixion. Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 69 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.public.06
13 October 2018.
35. Avila, Lixion. Post-Tropical Cyclone Leslie Tropical Cyclone Update (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al13
2018.update.10131732.shtml?). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric
36. Stewart, Stacy. Post-Tropical Cyclone Leslie Advisory Number 70 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132
018.public.070.shtml?). National Hurricane Center (Report). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
37. "A tempestade Leslie entrou pela Figueira da Foz e fustigou o Centro" (https://www.dn.pt/pais/interior/a-tempestade-l
eslie-entrou-pela-figueira-da-foz-e-fustigou-o-litoral-centro-9997275.html) (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. October
14, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
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41. Matt Pruett (10 October 2018). "Hurricane Leslie Wasn't Perfect..." (https://www.surfline.com/surf-news/hurricane-lesli
e-wasnt-perfect/36100) Surfline. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
42. David Zelinsky (October 11, 2018). Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 62 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al1
3/al132018.public.062.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
43. Eric S. Blake (October 12, 2018). Hurricane Leslie Advisory Number 63 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/
al132018.public.063.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
44. "Arquipélago da Madeira em "alerta máximo" devido ao furacão Leslie" (https://www.dn.pt/pais/interior/mau-tempo-ar
quipelago-da-madeira-em-alerta-maximo-devido-ao-furacao-leslie-9992198.html) (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias.
October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
45. "Furacão Leslie: mais de 180 jogos cancelados na Madeira e duas exceções nas modalidades" (https://www.ojogo.pt/
futebol/noticias/interior/tempestade-leslie-mais-de-180-jogos-cancelados-na-madeira-e-duas-excecoes-nas-modalida
des-9993300.html) (in Portuguese). O Jogo. October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
46. Lixion A. Avila (October 13, 2018). Hurricane Leslie Intermediate Advisory Number 68A (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ar
chive/2018/al13/al132018.public_a.068.shtml?) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
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slie-portugal-hit-by-110mph-winds-as-thousands-of-homes-lose-power-11525650). Sky News. October 14, 2018.
Retrieved October 14, 2018.
48. Lusa, Carolina Branco, Rita Cipriano, Agência. "Furacão Leslie. A maior tempestade desde 1842" (https://observador.
pt/2018/10/13/furacao-leslie-ja-passou-pela-madeira-e-esta-a-caminho-do-continente-e-o-pior-furacao-desde-1842-n
esta-regiao/). Observador (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-10-14.
49. "The assignation of the title of Female European Championship is suspended" (http://www.wseurope-rinkhockey.org/t
he-assignation-of-the-title-of-female-european-championship-is-suspended/). World Skate Europe. 14 October 2018.
50. " 'Zombie' storm Leslie smashes into Portugal" (https://www.afp.com/news/826/zombie-storm-leslie-smashes-portugal
-doc-1a01895). Agence France-Presse. October 14, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
51. Com Lusa (October 17, 2018). "Furacão: Prejuízos na região Centro ultrapassam 80 milhões de euros" (https://www.
mundolusiada.com.br/acontece/furacao-prejuizos-na-regiao-centro-ultrapassam-80-milhoes-de-euros/). Mundo
Lusíada (in Portuguese). Retrieved October 17, 2018.
52. "Tropical storm Leslie arrives in Zamora with gusts of wind over 96 km / h" (http://www.tellerreport.com/news/--tropical
-storm-leslie-arrives-in-zamora-with-gusts-of-wind-over-96-km---h-.SyW8VOxsX.html). International News. October
14, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
53. "Épisode pluvio-orageux exceptionnel dans l'Aude le 15 octobre" (http://www.keraunos.org/actualites/fil-infos/2018/oct
obre/orages-pluie-inondation-aude-carcassonne-crues-15-octobre-2018-episode-mediterraneen). www.keraunos.org
(in French). Keraunos. October 15, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018..
54. Bill Chappell (October 15, 2018). "Flash Floods Turn Deadly In Southwest France's Aude Region" (https://www.npr.or
g/2018/10/15/657455456/flash-floods-reportedly-kill-at-least-13-people-in-southwest-frances-aude-region). npr.
Retrieved October 15, 2018.
55. CASTAN Patrice (October 15, 2018). "Sète : des rafales de vent à 111 km/" (https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/15/sete-
des-rafales-de-vent-a-111-kmh,4732976.php) (in French). MidiLibre. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
External links
The National Hurricane Center's advisory archive on Hurricane Leslie (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/LESLI
E.shtml)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Leslie_(2018)&oldid=864635694"
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10/18/2018 Hurricane Leslie (2018) - Wikipedia

Hurricane Leslie (2018)

While Post-Tropical Cyclone Leslie began to weaken on 27 September, it

Meteorological history Part of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane and

Origins and initial extratropical transition

Six hours later, Leslie became an extratropical cyclone. Microwave data

Tropical transition, initial peak and subsequent weakening

Peak intensity, second extratropical transition and demise

Preparations and impact

11. Pasch, Richard. NHC Graphical Outlook Archive (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current

28. Blake, Eric. Tropical Storm Leslie Discussion Number 60 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/al13/al132018.disc

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Leslie_(2018)&oldid=864635694"

This page was last edited on 18 October 2018, at 14:10 (UTC).

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