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separation. William Hampson and Carl von Lindeindependently filed for patent of the
cycle in 1895.[1]
1. Heated—by compressing the gas—adding external energy into the gas, to give it what is needed for
running through the cycle
2. Cooled—by immersing the gas in a cooler environment, losing some of its heat (and energy),
3. Cooled through heat exchanger with returning gas from next (and last) stage,
4. Cooled further by passing the gas through a Joule-Thomson orifice, removing heat, but conserving
energy which is now potential energy rather than kinetic energy.
The gas which is now at its coolest in the current cycle, is recycled and sent back to be -
In each cycle the net cooling is more than the heat added at the beginning of the cycle. As the gas passes
more cycles and becomes cooler, reaching lower temperatures at the expanding cylinder becomes more
difficult.
Further reading
Timmerhaus, Klaus D.; Reed, Richard Palmer (2007). Cryogenic Engineering: Fifty Years of Progress.
p. 8. ISBN 978-0-387-46896-9.
Almqvist, Ebbe (2003). History of industrial gases. p. 160. ISBN 0-306-47277-5.
References
Maytal, B. -Z. (2006). "Maximizing production rates of the Linde–Hampson machine". Cryogenics. 46:
49–85. Bibcode:2006Cryo...46...49M. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.11.004.