Professional Documents
Culture Documents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEMESTER-I
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Books
1. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
2. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
3. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. Carey, F. A., Guiliano, R. M. Organic Chemistry, Eighth edition, McGraw Hill Education,
2012.
5. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.
6. Nasipuri, D. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Limited.
7. Clayden, J., Greeves, N. & Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford
University Press, 2012.
8. Keeler, J., Wothers, P. Chemical Structure and Reactivity – An Integrated approach,
Oxford University Press.
9. Smith, J. G. Organic Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
10.Fleming, I. Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, Reference/Student
Edition, Wiley, 2009.
11. James, J., Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance, Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
12. Robinson, M. J. T., Stereochemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University Press,
2005.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Separation based upon solubility, by using common laboratory reagents like water (cold,
hot), dil. HCl, dil. NaOH, dil. NaHCO3, etc., of components of a binary solid mixture;
purification of any one of the separated components by crystallization and determination of
its melting point. The composition of the mixture should be of the following types [ANY
THREE]: p-Nitrobenzoic acid/p-Aminobenzoic acid; p-Nitrotolune/p-Anisidine; benzoic
acid/naphthalene; urea/phenyl benzoate; p-toluidine/benzophenone; p-chlorobenzoic acid/
benzophenone, Benzoic acid/Anthracene; Glucose/Biphenyl; Benzoic acid/Benzophenone;
Urea/Benzophenone. Use of pH paper is recommended.
Solid compounds: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, resorcinol,
urea, glucose, cane sugar, benzoic acid and salicylic acid
Liquid Compounds: formic acid, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol,
acetone, aniline, dimethylaniline, benzaldehyde, chloroform and nitrobenzene
Reference Books
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMISTRY LAB-C IV LAB
60 Lectures
Organic Preparations
A. The following reactions (any eight) are to be performed, noting the yield of the crude
product:
1. Nitration of aromatic compounds
2. Condensation reactions
3. Hydrolysis of amides/imides/esters
4. Acetylation of phenols/aromatic amines
5. Brine mediated benzoylation of amines/amino acids.
6. Side chain oxidation of aromatic compounds
7. Diazo coupling reactions of aromatic amines
8. Bromination of anilides using green approach (Bromate-Bromide method)
9. Redox reaction including solid-phase method
10. Green ‘multi-component-coupling’ reaction
11. Selective reduction of m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline
Students must also calculate percentage yield, based upon isolated yield (crude) and
theoretical yield.
Reference Books
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education
(2009).
3. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G. & Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed. Pearson (2012).
4. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
5. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of Calcutta,
2015.
Reference Books
Nitro compounds (aliphatic and aromatic): preparation and reaction (with mechanism):
reduction under different conditions; Nef carbonyl synthesis, Henry reaction and conjugate
addition of nitroalkane anion.
Alkylnitrile and isonitrile: preparation and reaction (with mechanism): Thorpe nitrile
condensation, von Richter reaction.
Diazonium salts and their related compounds: reactions (with mechanism) involving
replacement of diazo group; reactions: Gomberg, Meerwein, Japp-Klingermann.
Reference Books
1. Arthur, I. Vogel, Quantitative Organic Analysis, Pearson
2. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 2015
A. Chromatographic Separations
1. TLC separation of a mixture containing 2/3 amino acids 2. TLC separation of a mixture of
dyes (fluorescein and methylene blue) 3. Column chromatographic separation of mixture of
dyes 4. Paper chromatographic separation of a mixture containing 2/3 amino acids 5. Paper
chromatographic separation of a mixture containing 2/3 sugars
B. Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Compounds
1. Assignment of labelled peaks in the 1H NMR spectra of the known organic compounds
explaining the relative δ-values and splitting pattern.
2. Assignment of labelled peaks in the IR spectrum of the same compound explaining the
relative frequencies of the absorptions (C-H, O-H, N-H, C-O, C-N, C-X, C=C, C=O, N=O,
C≡C, C≡N stretching frequencies; characteristic bending vibrations are included).
3. The students must record full spectral analysis of at least 15 (fifteen) compounds from the
following list:
(i) 4-Bromoacetanilide (ii) 2-Bromo-4'-methylacetophenone (iii) Vanillin (iv) 2-
Methoxyacetophenone (v) 4-Aminobenzoic acid (vi) Salicylamide (vii) 2-
Hydroxyacetophenone (viii) 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (ix) trans-Cinnamic acid (x) Diethyl
fumarate (xi) 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (xii) 4-Methylacetanilide (xiii) Mesityl oxide (xiv) 2-
Hydroxybenzaldehyde (xv) 4-Nitroaniline (xvi) 2,3-Dimethylbenzonitrile (xvii) Pent- 1-yn-3-
ol (xviii) 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde (xix) 3-Aminobenzoic acid (xx) Ethyl 3- aminobenzoate (xxi)
Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (xxii) 3-nitroanisole.
Reference
What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry.
Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry
Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples and special
emphasis on the following:
Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions and some real world cases: (20 lectures)
1. Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, disodium
iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis)
2. Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to benzoic
acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents:
Diels-Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction
3. Ultrasound assisted reactions: sonochemical Simmons-Smith Reaction (Ultrasonic
alternative to Iodine)
4. Green counterpart of common organic reactions: Aldol, Friedel-Crafts, Michael,
Knoevenagel, Cannizzaro, benzoin condensation and Dieckmann condensation.
5. Rearrangement reactions by green approach: Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement,
Beckmann rearrangement, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.
Alkaloids (5 Lectures)
Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation Natural
occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action. Synthesis of
Hygrine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine and
Reserpine.
Terpenes (3 Lectures)
Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of stucture and synthesis of Citral.
Reference Books
Anastas, P.T. & Warner, J.K.: Green Chemistry - Theory and Practical, Oxford
University Press (1998).
Matlack, A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
Cann, M.C. & Connely, M.E. Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2000).
Ryan, M.A. & Tinnesand, M. Introduction to Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2002).
Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2010.
6. Ahluwalia, V. K & Kidwai, M. R. New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamalaya
Publishers, 2005.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRACTICALS-DSE-4 LAB GREEN CHEMISTRY
(60 Lectures)
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BE SET IN DSE-4:
(Any SIX of the following list)
1. Acetylation of primary amine (preparation of acetanilide).
2. [4+2] Cycloaddition reaction (Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleic
anhydride).
3. Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable/waste cooking oil.
4. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight.
5. Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement reaction (preparation of benzopinacolone).
6. Solid state synthesis of benzilic acid from benzil.
7. Benzoin condensation using thiamine hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of potassium
cyanide.
8. Green multicomponent synthesis (three component coupling).
9. Base catalysed aldol condensation (synthesis of dibenzal propanone from
benzaldehyde and acetone).
10. Bromination of trans-stilbene using bromide/bromate mixture.
11. Preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles using tea leaves.
12. Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid carbon dioxide.
13. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction (nitration of salicylic acid).
14. Green radical coupling reaction.
Reference Books
Anastas, P.T & Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford
University Press (1998).
Kirchoff, M. & Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry
experiment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).
Ryan, M.A. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Tinnesand; (Ed), American Chemical
Society, Washington DC (2002).
Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green Chemistry Experiment:
A monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN
978-93-81141-55-7 (2013).
Cann, M.C. & Connelly, M. E. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society (2008).
Cann, M. C. & Thomas, P. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society (2008).
Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition,
2010.
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S. & Engel, R.G. Introduction to Organic
Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale and Macro Scale Approach, W.B.Saunders,
1995.
9. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).