Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STANDARD
JDE 10050
Factory Specification
APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER DISTRIBUTION APPEARANCE STANDARD FOR
PAINTED AND PLASTIC PARTS
Revisions
Date ECM Description
13 Oct 2017 AL1995 Extensive Revision (All Sections): Expanded scope,
purpose, and class definitions; Updated viewing
conditions, top coat, and metal substrate requirements;
Added plastic requirements and references.
Table of Contents
I. Scope
II. Purpose
III. Application
IV. Conformance
V. Viewing Conditions
XII. References
I. SCOPE:
This document establishes paint quality standards for John Deere Ottumwa products. It applies
to all parts that are manufactured and painted at John Deere, parts that are purchased with
paint from a supplier, and parts that are purchased and later painted at John Deere. The
substrate specification applies to parts that are manufactured or purchased and then painted at
John Deere Ottumwa. This specification is to be used for evaluation of parts at every level of
manufacturing, but especially before shipment to the final customer.
Parts may have one or more allowable defects in each category and still meet the specification.
When viewing parts for appearance defects, reasonable judgment should be used to accept
and reject parts. If there is disagreement over this judgment, this standard shall be used to
determine whether to scrap, reclaim, or use the part as is.
II. PURPOSE:
The objective of this document is to provide a paint appearance quality level that meets or
exceeds customer expectations, and to define the surface requirements of the substrates to be
painted. It is emphasized that corrosion protection, paint film longevity, gloss retention and
visual defects, in that order, are of prime importance in evaluating the quality of paint finish on
units.
III. APPLICATION:
Drawings should reference both the paint performance standard (such as JDM F17 or JDM
F20) and this appearance standard (JDE 10050). Paint performance information shall be
displayed as specified in JDM F17, JDM F20 or other applicable performance standard. Unless
otherwise designated, final coat painted product shall meet JDM F17 specifications.
Additional information, such as masking and substrate requirement, shall be included in the
callout when applicable. Callouts should be placed on each level of part or assembly drawing
dependent on the level to paint. Paint process should align with finish coat and coverage
requirements. Spray paint process may be used on any class requirement, whereas dip paint
process should be used for Class “C” & “D”. Each unit will individually determine paint process
used. Paint notes on older drawings should be updated when other changes are being made to
drawings.
Substrate requirement may differ from top coat requirement provided that the finish coat
requirement can be achieved. If there is no class designation on the part print, it is assumed to
be Class C.
Sample callouts:
PAINT / PEINTURE:
JDM F17A1 JOHN DEERE GREEN
JDE 10050 CLASS A
PAINT / PEINTURE:
JDM F17A1 JOHN DEERE GREEN
JDE 10050 CLASS A FOR TOP SURFACE
JDE 10050 CLASS C UNDERSIDE SURFACE NORMALLY NOT VISIBLE
IV. CONFORMANCE
Touch up by adding paint to minor defects or rework with a technique such as Finesse-It® will
be allowed on Class A, B, and C paint surfaces if done in a professional manner and the part
passes this standard after it is completed. Touch-up of minor chips or any defect exposing
substrate will be allowed if the part passes this standard after touch-up is completed.
Paint requirements or exceptions like masking and no paint areas as specified on the part print
take precedent over this specification.
Parts or products that do not meet this specification but are acceptable (approved by Marketing,
Product Support, Operations, Manufacturing Engineering, and Quality Engineering) require a
print change and/or Appearance Committee document (W-EX-340-03) to identify the exception.
In cases where a part does not meet the specification, but is acceptable on a temporary basis, a
temporary deviation may be allowed until the problem can be resolved.
V. VIEWING CONDITIONS
If paint defects are noticed, this is the procedure for accepting or rejecting:
No handheld lighting of any kind to be used for inspection except for viewing bare
corrodible areas.
4. Observe part from a distance of 3 feet, ~1 meter.
5. If defect is noticeable from that distance, count and measure the defects. Reject the
part if it does not meet the criteria in the Appearance Requirements table(s).
6. If defect is not noticeable from a distance of three feet, accept the part.
Painted surfaces on hay & forage products are assigned a classification relative to the
appearance expectations. The following definitions are guidelines for determining the area
classifications. The pictorial exhibits and tabular descriptions contained in JDE 10050X1
(internal use only) explain the general area classifications on Ottumwa products.
Class “A” Area or Surface – Highly visible area seen by looking directly at the fully assembled
machine from the ground, operator’s platform, or cab (tractor or self-propelled). Usually plastic
or sheet metal. Appearance is critical.
Class “B” Area or Surface – This is a less visible area (due to viewing angle, location,
below eye level, distance, etc.) but are visible without any disassembly. Substrate does
not allow Class A appearance.
Class “C” Area or Surface – Generally includes parts or areas that are not visible under
normal usage unless the machine is stopped or disassembled. Also includes crop
processing parts.
Class “D” Area or Surface – Internal part or area generally only seen during maintenance,
repairs, or always hidden. Also includes crop processing parts. Appearance is not
important, paint performance requirements are minimal.
1. These requirements are applicable to John Deere Ottumwa products painted in-house
or by suppliers. Painters are responsible for initial paint qualification and on-going
quality control to ensure product conformance to the paint specifications. This includes
consideration to ensure that the substrate condition is suitable for successful
processing through the paint system. Painters must comply with all applicable
governmental agency health, safety, and environmental regulations.
2. Painted parts from suppliers that are assembled at JDOW and repainted must have a
part coating compatible with the JDOW paint systems to allow specified performance of
the final product.
3. Unless otherwise designated, final coat painted product shall meet “JDM F17”
specifications. This corporate standard describes the performance specifications for
the paint on product. Actual paint performance on product includes the consistent
performance of the complete paint system (substrate condition, pretreatment, paint
material, application method, curing, etc.).
4. Paint color shall conform to “JDM F9” specifications.
5. All paints applied to JDOW products must be lead free per “JDM F17-8.2”
specifications. Lead free is defined as less than 600 PPM by weight in the dry film.
6. Paint deterioration or rust from incomplete coverage is not acceptable. Both facing
surfaces of bolted assemblies shall be painted. Exceptions to this requirement may be
made where design eliminates the possibility of objectionable rust staining.
7. The appearance expectations of regions on machines are defined in this standard by
area classifications “A, B, C, or D”. These letter designations provide judgement factors
on the paint workmanship standards and other imperfections that affect appearance.
BOIL OUT / KICK OUT: Boil out is excess E-coat material trapped in a part that during the
curing process is boiled out on the surface of the painted part. Kick out is caused by the
presence of high low pH on the surface of the substrate which renders the E-coat material
insoluble and deposits heavy/rough film.
BUBBLES: The occurrence of air or solvent vapors form as small bubbles or ruptures of
the paint film. Usually do not expose bare substrate.
BUNCHING: A number of defects grouped or joined together. Bunching for this standard is
defined as more than three defects in one square inch area, next bunch > 500mm away.
CHIPPING: One or more layers of paint removed due to an object striking a painted surface.
COLOR: The property or aspect of something that involves hue, lightness, and saturation
CRATERS: Depressions in the paint film not to bare substrate, usually circular and 2 to 6
mm in diameter.
DRIPS: Paint which has fallen in drops from overhead such as parts hung at different levels,
etc.
DRY SPRAY: Spray paint, which misses the intended part or area being painted. The fine
mist falls on another part or area, causing a lowering of gloss and surface smoothness.
Overspray is a different color of paint, whereas dry spray is the same color.
DUST: Foreign material in the paint film. Small in nature, exhibiting a look of fine haze in
the paint film at a viewing distance of 1 meter.
FISHEYES: Depressions in the paint film that exposes bare substrate, usually circular and
1 to 3 mm in diameter.
LIGHT PAINT: Lack of proper coverage of paint. Will not have the dark color of the rest of
the painted part.
LINT: Fuzzy or fine raveling of fabric that appears as a small hair or line under the paint
film.
ORANGE PEEL: An uneven, grainy, or textured appearance of the paint film. It resembles
the “skin of an orange”. May appear as a heavily cratered surface.
OUTGAS: An air bubble in the molded part that breaks through after the part is painted.
Condition where the finished part continues to vent gasses after the part is molded. Most
notable if a decal is applied before the part fully cures.
OVERSPRAY: Spray paint, which misses the intended part or area being painted. The fine
mist falls on another part or area, causing a lowering of gloss and surface smoothness.
Overspray is a different color of paint, whereas dry spray is the same color.
POLISHING MARKS: Circular marks caused by a buffing tool. Caused by improper tool
speed or buffing material
PINHOLES: Small holes in the paint film that penetrate to bare substrate. Can be caused
by rapid solvent loss or by insufficiently applied paint to allow the paint to flow together.
RUNS: A ridge of paint due to a downward flow of excess paint (usually a narrow stream)
SAND DIGS: Depressions in the part due to the edge of a sander cutting into the surface
of the part. This occurs after a repair to the substrate before final painting.
SANDING MARKS: Lines from polishing the unpainted panel that show up once the panel
is painted.
SCRATCHES: Any lines in the paint caused by rubbing the paint with a substance harder
than the paint film.
SCUFFS: Marks in the panel from handling. Paint may or may not be rubbed off
SHADOWING: Can only be seen where the primer is a different color. The primer color is
fully exposed, can be seen through the topcoat, or visually discolors the topcoat.
SOLVENT POP: Extremely small, less than 0.2mm in diameter, holes in the paint film that
do not penetrate to bare substrate. Caused by rapid solvent loss after the paint film has
“skinned over”, which leaves tiny bubbles or disruptions in the paint film.
STREAKS: Bands of very light, subtle differences in gloss or color across the surface of the
part. May be caused by pretreatment, stripping, poor sanding, post rinsing or an uneven
distribution of pigment particles.
STRINGER: A drip of paint extending from an edge and longer than 6 mm.
SUBSTRATE: The underlying base material which is being painted. Reference Sections
VIII and IX in this standard for specific substrate definitions and criteria.
VISUAL SURFACE: Any amount of a surface area that can be viewed from one position
with the part in its normal orientation.
WELD SILICATE: Gold appearing spots in weld areas, which occur from the weld process
and are actually glass/silicate. The areas normally do not cover with paint applications.
Scratches, Sanding
None allowed if None allowed if Allowed if not
Marks (Rework if to Allowed
clearly visible. clearly visible. excessive
bare metal)
Shadowing (Not
visible or exposed to None allowed 1 cm2 12 cm2 Allowed
direct sunlight)
< 0.5mm in < 0.5mm in
*Solvent Pop Allowed Allowed
diameter diameter
Acceptable if not
visible per
Streaks None allowed Allowed Allowed
viewing
conditions
Acceptable if not Acceptable if not Acceptable if not
Substrate Texture visible (see visible (see visible (see Allowed
Section V) Section V) Section V)
Stringers None allowed None allowed None Allowed None Allowed
Allowed - as long
Professional - no Professional - no
as it cannot be
globs, color globs, color
Touch-up evidence seen from Allowed
match, blended, match, blended,
greater than 3
etc. etc.
meters away
Unpainted Weld Silica None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed
Voids in Paint None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed
Allowed - as long
as it cannot be
Water Marks None allowed None allowed seen from Allowed
greater than 1
meter away
Acceptable if not Acceptable if not Acceptable if not
Wood grain Allowed
visible visible visible
* Bunching Not Allowed
1. The following requirements exist for all metal and casting parts, including piece parts,
weldments, or components for assemblies welded at JDOW, requiring subsequent
paint operation.
2. Substrate imperfections common to the specified material or created in normal
manufacturing processes shall be acceptable provided they do not detract from a
quality appearance or protection. Examples of this category are inherent substrate
texture, spot welds, weld silicates, weld surface oxides, and laser or plasma oxides at
edges. Weld spatter is also in this category but is specifically restricted as explained in
the standard.
3. Mechanical defects in the metal substrate (scratches, dents, die marks, grinder marks,
rust, loose mill scale, etc.) that detract from achieving finish topcoat paint appearance
standards in Section VII.D are not allowed.
BUNCHING: A number of defects grouped or joined together. Bunching for this standard is
defined as more than three defects in one square inch area, next bunch > 500mm away.
COIL WELDS: Spots where two coils have been joined together, thus enabling continuous
processing of the steel.
DENTS: Impressions in the surface, which are usually concave on one side and convex on
the opposite side of the sheet.
DIE MARKS: Marks or impressions (generally linear) imparted by the tooling during
forming of the part.
GOUGES: A groove or cavity in the material caused by some type of external force or
action. Commonly they are deep relative to their lengths. Often associated with poor or
improper handling or packaging techniques.
MILL SCALE: The heavy oxide layer formed during the hot fabrication or heat treatment of
metals, especially applied to iron and steel.
ROLLER MARKS: Unintentional texture pattern left in the material by the roller.
SLIVERS: Prominent surface rupture consisting of a thin elongated piece of metal attached
by only one end to the parent sheet.
THERMAL / LASER CUTTING OXIDES: An oxidized residue on the edges of parts from
plasma arc, flame cutting and laser cutting operations.
WELD SPATTER: Metal beads created during the arc welding process, which adhere to
the substrate
BLISTERS: Related to the RIM process, voids within the wall of the part. Blisters
may only be visible prior to painting if the plastic has no pigmentation, otherwise the
blister may show up after paint as a result of the gases inside the void expanding
and causing a raised bump. If seen prior to paint the blister can be cut open on the
non-appearance side of the part preventing the bump.
BUNCHING: Bunching for this standard is defined as more than three defects in
one square inch area, next bunch > 500mm away.
CHIPS: One or more layers of paint removed due to an object striking a painted
surface.
COLD SHOT: Piece of plastic from last shot left in nozzle which solidifies between
shots and is forced into the part along with the melted plastic. Can travel anywhere
within the part and create surface imperfections.
COLD SLUG: The first material to enter an injection mold. So called because in
passing through the sprue orifice, it is cooled below the effective molding
temperature. Often creates surface imperfections around gates and sprues.
CRACKS: Line of broken material in the part can be caused during the molding of
the part of during part handling.
GATE TRIM: The location where plastic enters to part and a visual mark is created
when this gate is removed from the finished part.
GLASS FIBER READ THROUGH: Fiber which is visible on the surface of a part.
KNIT LINES, WELD LINES, and FLOW LINES: Plastic flowing around an
obstruction (such as an insert of a hole) where two flow paths meet leaving a weld
line (or a seam). May appear as a small crack.
PARTING LINES, INSERT LINES, WITNESS LINES, FLASH LINES, and MOLD
SEAM: A raised line formed by the junction of mold details.
PITS, PIN HOLES: Small surface voids occurring primarily on parts molded in
foamed materials such as RIM urethane.
SHORT SHOTS: Not enough plastic to fill out the part. Creating voids at the end of
the material flow.
SINK MARKS: Surface distortion as a result of part features (ribs, bosses, etc.) on
the underside of an appearance surface.
WICKING: The ability of paint to flow into narrow spaces with a capillary action
CRACKING: Line of broken material in the part can be caused during the molding
of the part of during part handling.
DELAMINATION: The splitting of plastic material along the plan of its layers.
Physical separation or loss of bond between laminated plies.
FLASH: Extra plastic on parts. Usually occurs at parting lines and insert lines.
GATE TRIM: The location where plastic enters to part and a visual mark is created
when this gate is removed from the finished part.
KNIT LINES, WELD LINES, and FLOW LINES: Plastic flowing around an
obstruction (such as an insert of a hole) where two flow paths meet leaving a weld
line (or a seam). May appear as a small crack.
PARTING LINES, INSERT LINES, WITNESS LINES, FLASH LINES, and MOLD
SEAM: A raised line formed by the junction of mold details.
SHORT SHOTS: Not enough plastic to fill out the part. Creating voids at the end of
the material flow.
SINK MARKS: Surface distortion as a result of part features (ribs, bosses, etc.) on
the underside of an appearance surface.
SPLAY: The appearance of fine, wispy lines on the surface of the molded part.
Often a group is in a localized area of the part.
BLEED IN: (Applies to adhesive only) Excess material outside the application
boundaries toward inside of cab. May be a visible symptom of variations in the
adhesive bead size (see ‘Snakeheads’ below).
BLEED OUT: (Applies to adhesive only) Excess material outside the application
boundaries toward outside of cab. May be a visible symptom of variations in the
bead size (see ‘Snakeheads’ below).
BUNCHING: Bunching for this standard is defined as more than three defects in
one square inch area, next bunch > 500mm away.
RIDGES: (Applies to caulk only) Narrow strips of caulk material outside the
application boundaries, typically running parallel to the caulk line. Commonly
created as a by-product of the wiping process (see ‘Wiped Contour’ below).
STRINGERS: Thin tail of material extending from bead, typically off of the
application surface.
XII. REFERENCES