Exercise 4.

4 (Solutions)Page 223
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Point of intersection of lines

Let l1 : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
l2 : a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 be non-parallel lines.
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be the point of intersection of l1 and l2 . Then
a1 x1 + b1 y1 + c1 = 0.............(i )
a2 x1 + b2 y1 + c2 = 0.............(ii )
Solving (i ) and (ii ) simultaneously, we have
x1 − y1 1
= =
b1c2 − b2c1 a1c2 − a2c1 a1b2 − a2b1
x1 1 − y1 1
⇒ = and =
b1c2 − b2c1 a1b2 − a2b1 a1c2 − a2c1 a1b2 − a2b1
bc −b c a c − a2c1
⇒ x1 = 1 2 2 1 and y1 = − 1 2
a1b2 − a2b1 a1b2 − a2b1
 bc −b c a c − a2c1 
Hence  1 2 2 1 , − 1 2  is the point of intersection of l1 and l2 .
a b
 1 2 − a b
2 1 a b
1 2 − a b
2 1

Equation of line passing through the point of intersection.

Let l1 : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
l2 : a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
Then equation of line passing through the point of intersection of l1 and l2 is
l1 + k l2 = 0 , where k is constant.
i.e. a1 x + b1 y + c11 + k ( a2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0

Question # 1
Find the point of intersection of the lines
(i) x − 2 y + 1 = 0 2 x − y + 2 = 0 (ii) 3 x + y + 12 = 0 x + 2 y − 1 = 0
(iii) x + 4 y − 12 = 0 x − 3 y + 3 = 0
Solution
(i) l1 : x − 2 y + 1 = 0
l2 : 2 x − y + 2 = 0
1 1
Slope of l1 = m1 = − =
−2 2
2
Slope of l2 = m2 = − = 2
−1
∵ m1 ≠ m2 , therefore lines are intersecting.
Now if ( x, y ) is the point of intersection of l1 and l2 then
FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 2

x −y 1
= =
(−2)(2) − (−1)(1) (1)(2) − (2)(1) (1)(−1) − (2)(−2)
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−4 + 1 2 − 2 −1 + 4
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−3 0 3
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
−3 3 0 3
−3 0
⇒ x= and y=−
3 3
⇒ x = −1 and y=0
Hence ( −1,0 ) is the point of intersection.

(ii) l1 : 3 x + y + 12 = 0
l2 : x + 2 y − 1 = 0
3
Slope of l1 = m1 = − = −3
1
1
Slope of l2 = m2 = −
2
∵ m1 ≠ m2 , therefore lines are intersecting.
Now if ( x, y ) is the point of intersection of l1 and l2 then
x −y 1
= =
−1 − 24 −3 − 12 6 − 1
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−25 −15 5
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
−25 5 −15 5
−25 15
⇒ x= = −5 and y = = 3
5 5
Hence ( −5,3) is the point of intersection.
(iii) Do yourself as above.
Question # 2
Find an equation of the line through
(i) the point ( 2, −9 ) and the intersection of the lines 2 x + 5 y − 8 = 0 and
3x − 4 y − 6 = 0
(ii) the intersection of the lines
x− y−4=0 7 x + y + 20 = 0 6 x + y − 14 = 0
(a) Parallel (ii) Perpendicular
to the line 6 x + y − 14 = 0
(iii) through the intersection of the lines x + 2 y + 3 = 0, 3x + 4 y + 7 = 0

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 3

And making equal intercepts on the axes.

Solution
(i) Let l1 : 2 x + 5 y − 8 = 0
l2 : 3 x − 4 y − 6 = 0
Equation of line passing through point of intersection of l1 and l2 is
2 x + 5 y − 8 + k ( 3 x − 4 y − 6 ) = 0... (i)
Since ( 2, −9 ) lies on (i) therefore put x = 2 and y = −9 in (i)
2(2) + 5(−9) − 8 + k ( 3(2) − 4(−9) − 6 ) = 0
⇒ 4 − 45 − 8 + k ( 6 + 36 − 6 ) = 0
⇒ − 49 + 36k = 0
49
⇒ 36k = 49 ⇒ k=
36
Putting value of k in (i)
49
2 x + 5 y − 8 + ( 3x − 4 y − 6 ) = 0
36
⇒ 72 x + 180 y − 288 + 49 ( 3 x − 4 y − 6 ) = 0 × ing by 36
⇒ 72 x + 180 y − 288 + 147 x − 196 y − 294 = 0
⇒ 219 x − 16 y − 582 = 0 is the required equation.

(ii) Let l1 : x − y − 4 = 0
l2 : 7 x + y + 20 = 0
l3 : 6 x + y − 14 = 0
Let l4 be a line passing through point of intersection of l1 and l2 , then
l4 : l1 + k l2 = 0
⇒ x − y − 4 + k ( 7 x + y + 20 ) = 0... (i)
⇒ (1 + 7 k ) x + ( −1 + k ) y + ( − 4 + 20k ) = 0
1 + 7k
Slope of l4 = m1 = −
−1 + k
6
Slope of l3 = m2 = − = −6
1
(a) If l3 and l4 are parallel then
m1 = m2
1 + 7k
⇒ − = −6
−1 + k
⇒ 1 + 7 k = 6 ( −1 + k ) ⇒ 1 + 7 k = −6 + 6k
⇒ 7 k − 6k = −6 − 1 ⇒ k = −7
Putting value of k in (i)
x − y − 4 − 7 ( 7 x + y + 20 ) = 0
⇒ x − y − 4 − 49 x − 7 y − 140 = 0

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 4

⇒ − 48 x − 8 y − 144 = 0
⇒ 6 x + y + 18 = 0
is the required equation
(b) If l3 and l4 are ⊥ then
m1m2 = −1
 1 + 7k 
⇒ −  ( −6 ) = −1
 −1 + k 
⇒ 6 (1 + 7 k ) = − ( −1 + k ) ⇒ 6 + 42k = 1 − k
5
⇒ 42k + k = 1 − 6 ⇒ 43k = −5 ⇒ k =−
43
Putting in (i) we have
5
x− y−4− ( 7 x + y + 20 ) = 0
43
⇒ 43 x − 43 y − 172 − 5 ( 7 x + y + 20 ) = 0
⇒ 43 x − 43 y − 172 − 35 x − 5 y − 100 = 0
⇒ 8 x − 48 y − 272 = 0
⇒ x − 6 y − 34 = 0 is the required equation.

(iii) Suppose l1 : x + 2 y + 3 = 0
l2 : 3 x + 4 y + 7 = 0
Equation of line passing through the intersection of l1 and l2 is given by:
x + 2 y + 3 + k ( 3 x + 4 y + 7 ) = 0 ………… (i)
⇒ (1 + 3k ) x + (2 + 4k ) y + (3 + 7 k ) = 0
⇒ (1 + 3k ) x + (2 + 4k ) y = −(3 + 7 k )
(1 + 3k ) x (2 + 4k ) y
⇒ + =1
−(3 + 7 k ) −(3 + 7 k )
x y
⇒ + =1
−(3 + 7k ) −(3 + 7 k )
(1 + 3k ) (2 + 4k )
Which is two-intercept form of equation of line with
−(3 + 7 k ) −(3 + 7 k )
x − intercept = and y − intercept =
(1 + 3k ) (2 + 4k )
We have given
x − intercept = y − intercept
−(3 + 7 k ) −(3 + 7 k )
⇒ =
(1 + 3k ) (2 + 4k )
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ (2 + 4k ) = (1 + 3k )
(1 + 3k ) (2 + 4k )
⇒ 4k − 3k = 1 − 2 ⇒ k = −1
Putting value of k in (i)
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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 5

x + 2 y + 3 − 1( 3 x + 4 y + 7 ) = 0
⇒ x + 2 y + 3 − 3x − 4 y − 7 = 0 ⇒ − 2 x − 2 y − 4 = 0
⇒ x+ y+2 = 0
is the required equation.
Question # 3
Find an equation of the line through the intersection of
16 x − 10 y − 33 = 0 ; 12 x + 14 y + 29 = 0 and the intersection of
x − y + 4 = 0 ; x − 7y + 2 = 0
Solution
Let l1 : 16 x − 10 y − 33 = 0
l2 : 12 x + 14 y + 29 = 0
l3 : x − y + 4 = 0
l4 : x − 7 y + 2 = 0
For point of intersection of l1 and l2
x −y 1
= =
−290 + 462 464 + 396 224 + 120
x −y 1
⇒ = =
172 860 334
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
172 334 860 334
172 1 860 5
⇒ x= = and y=− =−
334 2 334 2
1 5
⇒  , −  is a point of intersection of l1 and l2 .
2 2
For point of intersection of l3 and l4 .
x −y 1
= =
−2 + 28 2 − 4 −7 + 1
x −y 1
⇒ = =
26 −2 −6
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
26 −6 −2 −6
26 13 2 1
⇒ x= =− and y= =−
−6 3 −6 3
 13 1 
⇒  − , −  is a point of intersection of l3 and l4 .
 3 3
1 5  13 1 
Now equation of line passing through  , −  and  − , − 
2 2  3 3
1 5
5 − 3+ 2  1
y+ =  x− 
2 −13 − 1  2
3 2
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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 6

13
⇒ y+ =
5 6  x − 1  ⇒ y + 5 = − 13  x − 1 
   
2 − 29  2 2 29  2
6
145 13 13 145
⇒ 29 y + = −13 x + ⇒ 13 x − + 29 y + =0
2 2 2 2
⇒ 13 x + 29 y + 66 = 0
is the required equation.
Three Concurrent Lines
Suppose l1 : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
l2 : a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 l1
l2
l3 : a3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0
If l1 , l2 and l3 are concurrent (intersect at one point) then
l3
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 c3
See proof on book at page 208
Question # 4
Find the condition that the lines y = m1 x + c1 ; y = m2 x + c2 and y = m3 x + c3 are
concurrent.
Solution
Assume that l1 : y = m1 x + c1
⇒ m1 x − y + c1 = 0
l2 : y = m2 x + c2
⇒ m2 x − y + c2 = 0
l3 : y = m3 x + c3
⇒ m3 x − y + c3 = 0
If l1 , l2 and l3 are concurrent then
m1 −1 c1
m2 −1 c2 = 0
m3 −1 c3
m1 −1 c1
R − R1
⇒ m2 − m1 0 c2 − c1 = 0 by 2
R3 − R1
m3 − m1 0 c3 − c1
Expanding by C2
−(−1) [ (m2 − m1 )(c3 − c1 ) − (m3 − m1 )(c2 − c1 )] + 0 − 0 = 0
⇒ [ (m2 − m1 )(c3 − c1 ) − (m3 − m1 )(c2 − c1 ) ] = 0
⇒ (m2 − m1 )(c3 − c1 ) = (m3 − m1 )(c2 − c1 )
is the required condition.

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 7

Question # 5
Determine the value of P such that the lines 2 x − 3 y − 1 = 0 , 3 x − y − 5 = 0
and 3 x + py + 8 = 0 meet at a point .
Solution
Let l1 : 2 x − 3 y − 1 = 0
l2 : 3 x − y − 5 = 0
l3 : 3 x + py + 8 = 0
Since l1 , l2 and l3 meets at a point i.e. concurrent therefore
2 −3 −1
3 −1 −5 = 0
3 p 8
⇒ 2(−8 + 5 p ) + 3(24 + 15) − 1(3 p + 3) = 0
⇒ − 16 + 10 p + 72 + 45 − 3 p − 3 = 0
⇒ 7 p + 98 = 0 ⇒ 7 p = −98
98
⇒ p=− ⇒ p = −14
7
Angle between lines Y
Let l1 and l2 be two lines. If α1 and α 2
l2 l1
be inclinations and m1 and m2 be slopes of
lines l1 and l2 respectively, Let θ be a angle ψ
from line l1 to l2 then θ is given by
θ α2
m − m1 α1
tan θ = 2 X
1 + m1m2

See proof on book at page 219

Question # 6
Show that the lines 4 x − 3 y − 8 = 0, 3 x − 4 y − 6 = 0 and x − y − 2 = 0 are
concurrent and the third-line bisects the angle formed by the first two lines.
Solution
Let l1 : 4 x − 3 y − 8 = 0
l2 : 3 x − 4 y − 6 = 0
l3 : x − y − 2 = 0
To check l1 , l2 and l3 are concurrent, let
4 −3 −8
3 −4 −6
1 −1 −2
= 4 ( 8 − 6 ) + 3 ( −6 + 6 ) − 8 ( −3 + 4 )
= 4 ( 2 ) + 3 ( 0 ) − 8 (1)
=8+ 0−8 = 0

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 8

Hence l1 , l2 and l3 are concurrent.

4 4 l2
Slope of l1 = m1 = − =
−3 3
3 3
Slope of l2 = m2 = − = θ2 l3
−4 4
θ1
1
Slope of l3 = m3 = − = 1
−1
Now let θ1 be angle from l1 to l3 and θ 2 be a l1
angle from l3 to l2 . Then
m3 − m1 1− 4 −1
tan θ1 = = 3 = 3 = − 1 ………… (i)
( )
1 + m3m1 1 + (1) 4
3
7
3
7
3 −1 −1
m2 − m3 4 4 = − 1 ………… (ii)
And tan θ 2 = = =
( )
1 + m2 m3 1 + 3 (1)
4
7
4
7
From (i) and (ii)
tan θ1 = tan θ 2 ⇒ θ1 = θ 2
⇒ l3 bisect the angle formed by the first two lines.
Question # 7
The vertices of a triangle are A ( −2,3) , B ( −4,1) and C ( 3,5 ) .
Find coordinates of the
(i) centroid (ii) orthocentre (iii) circumcentre of the triangle
Are these three points are collinear?
Solution
Given vertices of triangles are A ( −2,3) , B ( −4,1) and C ( 3,5 ) .
(i) Centroid of triangle is the intersection of medians and is given by
 x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 
 , 
 3 3 
 −2 − 4 + 3 3 + 1 + 5   −3 9 
= ,  =  ,  = ( −1,3)
 3 3   3 3
Hence ( −1,3) is the centroid of the triangle.

(ii) Orthocentre is the point of intersection of altitudes.

1− 3 −2
Slope of AB = m1 = = =1
−4 + 2 −2 A
5 −1 4
Slope of BC = m2 = =
3+ 4 7
Since altitudes are ⊥ to sides therefore
1 1
Slope of altitude on AB = − = − = −1 B C
m1 1

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 9

1 1 7
Slope of altitude on BC = − =− =−
m2 4 4
7
Equation of altitude on AB with slope −1 from C ( 3,5 )
y − 5 = −1( x − 3)
⇒ y − 5 = −x + 3 ⇒ x − 3 + y − 5 = 0
⇒ x + y − 8 = 0 ……….. (i)
7
Now equation of altitude on BC with slope − from A ( −2,3)
4
7
y − 3 = − ( x + 2)
4
⇒ 4 y − 12 = −7 x − 14 ⇒ 7 x + 14 + 4 y − 12 = 0
⇒ 7 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 ………….. (ii)
For point of intersection of (i) and (ii)
x −y 1
= =
2 + 32 2 + 56 4 − 7
x −y 1
⇒ = =
34 58 −3
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
34 −3 58 −3
34 58 58
⇒ x=− and y = − =
3 −3 3
 34 58 
Hence  − ,  is orthocentre of triangle ABC .
 3 3

(iii) Circumcentre of the triangle is the point of intersection of perpendicular

bisector.
Let D and E are midpoints of side AB and BC respectively.
 −4 − 2 1 + 3   −6 4 
Then coordinate of D =  ,  =  ,  = ( −3, 2 )
 2 2   2 2
A
 −4 + 3 1 + 5   −1 6   1 
Coordinate of E =  ,  =  ,  =  − ,3 
 2 2   2 2  2 
D
1 − 3 −2
Slope of AB = m1 = = =1
−4 + 2 −2
5 −1 4 B E C
Slope of BC = m2 = =
3+ 4 7
1 1
Slope of ⊥ bisector on AB = − = − = −1
m1 1
1 1 7
Slope of ⊥ bisector on BC = − =− =−
m2 4 4
7

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 10

Now equation of ⊥ bisector having slope −1 through D ( −3, 2 )

y − 2 = −1( x + 3)
⇒ y − 2 = −x − 3 ⇒ x + 3 + y − 2 = 0
⇒ x + y + 1 = 0 ………….. (iii)
7  1 
Now equation of ⊥ bisector having slope − through E  − ,3 
4  2 
7 1 7
y − 3 = −  x +  ⇒ 4 y − 12 = −7 x −
4 2 2
7 17
⇒ 7 x + + 4 y − 12 = 0 ⇒ 7 x + 4 y − = 0
2 2
⇒ 14 x + 8 y − 17 = 0 ……………. (iv)
For point of intersection of (iii) and (iv)
x −y 1
= =
−17 − 8 −17 − 14 8 − 14
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−25 −31 −6
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
−25 −6 −31 −6
−25 25 31
⇒ x= = and y = −
−6 6 6
 25 31 
Hence  , −  is the circumcentre of the triangle.
 6 6
 34 58   25 31 
Now to check ( −1,3) ,  − ,  and  , −  are collinear, let
 3 3  6 6
−1 3 1
− 34 58 1
3 3
25 − 31 1
6 6
 58 31   34 25   1054 1450 
= −1 +  − 3  − −  + 1 − 
 3 6  3 6   18 18 
 49   31 
= −1  − 3  −  + 1( −22 )
 2   2
49 93
= − + − 22 = 0
2 2
Hence centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of triangle are collinear.
Question # 8
Check whether the lines 4 x − 3 y − 8 = 0; 3 x − 4 y − 6 = 0; x − y − 2 = 0 are
concurrent. If so, find the point where they meet.

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 11

Solution
Let l1 : 4 x − 3 y − 8 = 0
l2 : 3 x − 4 y − 6 = 0
l3 : x − y − 2 = 0
To check lines are concurrent, let
4 −3 −8
3 −4 −6
1 −1 −2
= 4(8 − 6) + 3(−6 + 6) − 8(−3 + 4)
= 4(2) + 3(0) − 8(1) = 8 + 0 − 8 = 0
Hence l1 , l2 and l3 are concurrent.
For point of concurrency, we find intersection of l1 and l2 (You may choose any
two lines)
x −y 1
= =
18 − 32 −24 + 24 −16 + 9
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−14 0 −7
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
−14 −7 0 −7
−14 0
⇒ x= = 2 and y = − =0
−7 −7
Hence ( 2,0 ) is the point of concurrency.
Question # 9
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines
x − 2 y − 6 = 0; 3 x − y + 3 = 0; 2 x + y − 4 = 0 . Also find measures of the angles of
the triangle.
Solution
Let l1 : x − 2 y − 6 = 0
l2 : 3 x − y + 3 = 0
l3 : 2 x + y − 4 = 0
For point of intersection of l1 and l2
x −y 1
= =
−6 − 6 3 + 18 −1 + 6
x −y 1
⇒ = =
−12 21 5
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
−12 5 21 5
12 21
⇒ x=− and y = −
5 5

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 12

 12 21 
⇒  − , −  is the point of intersection of l1 and l2 .
 5 5 
For point of intersection of l2 and l3 .
x −y 1
= =
4 − 3 −12 − 6 3 + 2
x −y 1
⇒ = =
1 −18 5
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
1 5 −18 5
1 18
⇒ x= and y =
5 5
 1 18 
⇒  ,  is the point of intersection of l2 and l3 .
5 5 
Now for point of intersection of l1 and l3
x −y 1
= =
8 + 6 −4 + 12 1 + 4
x −y 1
⇒ = =
14 8 5
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
14 5 8 5
14 8
⇒ x= and y=−
5 5
 14 8 
⇒  , −  is the point of intersection of l1 and l3 .
 5 5
 12 21   1 18   14 8 
Hence  − , −  ,  ,  and  , −  are vertices of triangle made by l1 ,
 5 5  5 5   5 5
l2 and l3 . We say these vertices as A, B and C respectively.
y
18 + 21 39 B
5 5 5 39
Slope of side AB = m1 = = = =3
1 + 12 13 13 β
5 5 5
m1 m2
− 8 − 18 − 26 26
Slope of side BC = m2 = 5 5= 5 = − = −2
14 − 1 13 13 α γ x
5 5 5
− 21 + 8 −13 A m3 C
5 5 5 13 1
Slope of side CA = m3 = = = =
−12 − 14 − 26 26 2
5 5 5
Let α , β and γ denotes angles of triangle at vertices A, B and C respectively.
Then

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 13

3− 1 5
m1 − m3 2 2 =1
tan α = = =
1 + m1m3 1 + (3) 1( 2) 5
2
⇒ α = tan −1 (1) ⇒ α = 45
m2 − m1 −2 − 3 −5
Now tan β = = = =1
1 + m2 m1 1 + (−3) ( 3) −5
⇒ β = tan −1 (1) ⇒ β = 45
1 +2 5
m3 − m2 2
Now tan γ = = = 2 =∞
( )
1 + m3m2 1 + 1 ( −2 ) 0
2
⇒ γ = tan −1 (∞) ⇒ γ = 90 .
Question # 10
Find the angle measured from the line l1 to the line l2 where
(a) l1 : joining (2,7) and (7,10)
l2 : joining (1,1) and (−5,3)
(b) l1 : joining (3, −1) and (5,7)
l2 : joining (2, 4) and (−8, 2)
(c) l1 : joining (1, −7) and (6, −4)
l2 : joining (−1, 2) and (− 6, −1)
(d) l1 : joining (−9, −1) and (3, − 5)
l2 : joining (2,7) and (− 6, −7)
Solution
(a) Since l1 : joining (2,7) and (7,10)
10 − 7 3
Therefore slope of l1 = m1 = =
7−2 5
Also l2 : joining (1,1) and (−5,3)
3 −1 2 1
Therefore slope of l2 = m2 = = =−
−5 − 1 − 6 3
Let θ be a angle from l1 to l2 then
m2 − m1 −1 −3
tan θ = = 3 5
( )(
1 + m1m2 1 + 3 − 1
5 3 )
−14 −14
= 15 = 15 = − 14 × 5 = − 7
1− 1 4 15 4 6
5 5
7 7
⇒ − tan θ = ⇒ tan(180 − θ ) =
6 6
∵ tan(180 − θ ) = − tan θ

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 14

7
⇒ 180 − θ = tan −1   = 49.4
6
⇒ θ = 180 − 49.4 ⇒ θ = 130.6
Now acute angle between lines = 180 − 130.6 = 49.4

(b) Do yourself as above.

(c) Since l1 : joining (1, −7) and (6, −4)

−4 + 7 3
Therefore slope of l1 = m1 = =
6 −1 5
Also l2 : joining (−1, 2) and (− 6, −1)
−1 − 2 −3 3
Therefore slope of l2 = m2 = = =
−6 +1 −5 5
Let θ be a angle from l1 to l2 then
3 −3
m2 − m1 5 5 0
tan θ = = = =0
( )( )
1 + m1m2 1 + 3
5
3
5
1+ 9
25
⇒ θ = tan −1 ( 0 ) ⇒ θ = 0
Also acute angle between lines = 0

(d) Since l1 : joining (−9, −1) and (3, − 5)

−5 +1 − 4 1
Therefore slope of l1 = m1 = = =−
3 + 9 12 3
Also l2 : joining (2,7) and (− 6, −7)
−7 − 7 −14 7
Therefore slope of l2 = m2 = = =
− 6 − 2 −8 4
Let θ be a angle from l1 to l2 then

tan θ =
m2 − m1
=
( )
7 − −1
4 3
1 + m1m2 1 + 7( )( )4
−1
3
7 +1 25
4 3 25 12
= = 12 = × =5
1− 7 5 12 5
12 12
⇒ θ = tan −1 ( 5 ) ⇒ θ = 78.69
Also acute angle between lines = 78.69
Question # 11
Find the interior angle of the triangle whose vertices are
(a) A ( −2,11) , B ( −6, −3) , C ( 4, −9 )

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 15

(b) A ( 6,1) , B ( 2,7 ) , C ( −6, −7 )

(c) A ( 2, −5 ) , B ( −4, −3) , C ( −1,5 )
(d) A ( 2,8 ) , B ( −5,4 ) and C ( 4, −9 )
Solution
(a) Given vertices A ( −2,11) , B ( −6, −3) and C ( 4, −9 )
Let m1 , m2 and m3 denotes the slopes of side AB , BC and CA respectively. Then
−3 − 11 −14 7
m1 = = = y
−6 + 2 −4 2
−9 + 3 −6 3 A
m2 = = =−
4 + 6 10 5 α
m m3
11 + 9 20 10 1
m3 = = =−
−2 − 4 −6 3 β γ x
Let α , β and γ denotes angles of triangle at vertex
B m2 C
A, B and C respectively. Then
m3 − m1 −10 − 7
tan α = = 3 2
1 + m3m1 1 + −10 ( )( )
3
7
2
− 41 − 41
= 6 = 6 = 41 × 3 = 41
1 − 35 − 32 6 32 64
3 3
 41 
⇒ α = tan −1   ⇒ α = 32.64
 64 

tan β =
m1 − m2
= 2( )
7 − −3
5
1 + m1m2 1 + 7 ( )( )
2
−3
5
7 +3 41
= 2 5 = 10 = − 41 × 10 = − 41
1 − 21 −11 10 11 11
10 10
41 41
⇒ − tan β = ⇒ tan (180 − β ) = ∵ tan(180 − θ ) = − tan θ
11 11
 41 
⇒ 180 − β = tan −1   = 74.98
 11 
⇒ β = 180 − 74.98 ⇒ β = 105.02

tan γ =
m2 − m3
=
−3 −
5 ( −10 3 )
1 + m2 m3 1 + − 3
5( )( −10 3 )
− 3 + 10 41
41 41
= 5 3 = 15 = =
1+ 2 3 15 × 3 45

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 16

 41 
⇒ γ = tan −1   ⇒ γ = 42.34
 45 
(b) Given vertices A ( 6,1) , B ( 2,7 ) and C ( −6, −7 )
Let m1 , m2 and m3 denotes the slopes of side AB , BC and CA respectively. Then
7 −1 6 3
m1 = = =− y
B
2 − 6 −4 2
−7 − 7 −14 7 m1
m2 = = = β
−6 − 2 −8 4
1+ 7 8 2 m2 α A
m3 = = =
6 + 6 12 3 x
Let α , β and γ denotes angles of triangle at γ m3
vertex A, B and C respectively. Then

tan α =
m3 − m1
=
2 − −3
3 ( )
2
C

1 + m3m1 1 + 2 ( )( )
3
−3
2
2 +3 13
= 3 2 = 6 =∞
1−1 0
⇒ α = tan −1 ( ∞ ) ⇒ α = 90

m1 − m2 −3 −7
tan β = = 2 4
1 + m1m2 1 + − (3
2 )( )
7
4
−13 −13
= 4 = 4 = 13 × 8 = 2
1 − 21 −13 4 13
8 8
⇒ β = tan −1 (2) ⇒ β = 63.43
7 −2
m2 − m3 4 3
tan γ = =
1 + m2 m3 1 + 7 ( )( )
4
2
3
13 13
12 13 6 1
= = 12 = × =
1+ 7 13 12 13 2
6 6
1
⇒ γ = tan −1   ⇒ γ = 26.57
2

(c) Do yourself as above.

(d) Do yourself as above.

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 17

Question # 12
Find the interior angles of the quadrilateral whose vertices are A ( 5, 2 ) , B ( −2,3) ,
C ( −3, −4 ) and D ( 4, −5 )
Solution Given vertices are A ( 5, 2 ) , B ( −2,3) , C ( −3, −4 ) and D ( 4, −5 )
Let m1 , m2 , m3 and m4 be slopes of side AB, BC , CD and DA . Then
3− 2 1 y
m1 = =
−2 − 5 −7
−4 − 3 −7 B m1
m2 = = =7 A
−3 + 2 −1 β α
−5 + 4 −1
m3 = = m2 x
4+3 7
2+5 7 m4
γ
m4 = = =7 δ
5−4 1 C
Now suppose α , β , γ and δ are angels of m3
D
quadrilateral at vertices A, B, C and D
respectively. Then

tan α =
m4 − m1
=
7− −1 ( 7 =
)
7+ 1
7
50
= 7 =∞
1 + m4 m1 1 + ( 7 ) − 1(7
1−1 ) 0

⇒ α = tan −1 ( ∞ ) ⇒ α = 90

m1 − m2 −1 −7 − 50
tan β = = 7 = 7 =∞
(
1 + m1m2 1 + − 1 ( 7 )
7
0 )
⇒ β = tan −1 ( ∞ ) ⇒ β = 90

tan γ =
m2 − m3
=
7− −1 (
7 ) =
7+ 1
7
50
= 7 =∞
1 + m2 m3 1 + ( 7 ) − 1 ( 7 ) 1−1 0

⇒ γ = tan −1 ( ∞ ) ⇒ γ = 90

m3 − m4 −1 −7 − 50
tan δ = = 7 = 7 =∞
(
1 + m3m4 1 + − 1 ( 7 )
7
0 )
⇒ δ = tan −1 ( ∞ ) ⇒ δ = 90
Trapezium
If any two opposite sides of the quadrilateral are parallel
then it is called trapezium.

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 18

Question # 13
Show that the points A ( −1, −1) , B ( −3,0 ) , C ( 3,7 ) and D (1,8 ) are the vertices of the
rhombus and find its interior angle.
Solution Given vertices are A ( −1, −1) , B ( −3,0 ) , C ( 3,7 ) and D (1,8 )
Let m1 , m2 , m3 and m4 be slopes of side AB, BD, DC and CA . Then
0 +1 1 y
m1 = =
−3 + 1 −2
8−0 8 D m
m2 = = =2 3
1+ 3 4 γ
m2 δ C
7 − 8 −1
m3 = =
3 −1 2
β α m4
−1 − 7 −8
m4 = = =2 B m x
−1 − 3 −4 1
A
Since m2 = m4 or m1 = m3
Hence A, B, C and D are vertices of trapezium.
Now suppose α , β , γ and δ are angels of
quadrilateral at vertices A, B, C and D respectively. Then
Now do yourself as above in Question # 12
Question # 14
Find the area of the region bounded by the triangle, whose sides are
7 x − y − 10 = 0; 10 x + y − 41 = 0; 3 x + 2 y + 3 = 0
Solution
Let l1 : 7 x − y − 10 = 0
l2 : 10 x + y − 41 = 0
l3 : 3 x + 2 y + 3 = 0
For intersection of l1 and l2
x −y 1
= =
41 + 10 −287 + 100 7 + 10
x −y 1
⇒ = =
51 −187 17
x 1 y 1
⇒ = and =
51 17 187 17
51 187
⇒ x = = 3 and y = = 11
17 17
⇒ ( 3,11) is the point of intersection of l1 and l2 .
Now for point of intersection of l2 and l3
x −y 1
= =
3 + 82 30 + 123 20 − 3
x −y 1
⇒ = =
85 153 17
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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 19

x −y 1
⇒ = =
85 153 17
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
85 17 153 17
85 153
⇒ x= = 5 and y=− = −9
17 17
⇒ ( 5, −9 ) is the point of intersection of l2 and l3 .
For point of intersection of l1 and l3
x −y 1
= =
−3 + 20 21 + 30 14 + 3
x −y 1
⇒ = =
17 51 17
x 1 −y 1
⇒ = and =
17 17 51 17
17 51
⇒ x = = 1 and y=− =3
17 17
⇒ (1, −3) is the point of intersection of l1 and l3 .
Now area of triangle having vertices ( 3,11) , ( 5, −9 ) and (1, −3) is given by:
3 11 1
1
5 −9 1
2 1 −3 1
1
= 3 ( −9 + 3) − 11( 5 − 1) + 1( −15 + 9 )
2
1 1
= 3 ( −6 ) − 11( 4 ) + 1( −6 ) = −18 − 44 − 6
2 2
1 1
= −68 = (68) = 34 sq. unit
2 2
Question # 15
The vertices of a triangle are A ( −2,3) , B ( −4,1) and C ( 3,5 ) . Find the centre of the
circum centre of the triangle?
Solution Same Question # 7(c)
Question # 16
Express the given system of equations in matrix form. Find in each case whether in
lines are concurrent.
(a) x + 3 y − 2 = 0 ; 2 x − y + 4 = 0 ; x − 11 y + 14 = 0
(b) 2 x + 3 y + 4 = 0 ; x − 2 y − 3 = 0 ; 3x + y − 8 = 0
(c) 3 x − 4 y − 2 = 0 ; x + 2 y − 4 = 0 ; 3x − 2 y + 5 = 0

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 20

Solution
(a) x + 3y − 2 = 0
2x − y + 4 = 0
x − 11 y + 14 = 0
In matrix form
 1 3 −2   x   0 
 2 −1 4   y  =  0 
1 −11 14   1  0 
    
Coefficient matrix of the system is
 1 3 −2 
A =  2 −1 4 
1 −11 14 
 
⇒ A = 1(−14 + 44) − 3(28 − 4) − 2(−22 + 1)
= 1(30) − 3(24) − 2(−21)
= 30 − 72 + 42 = 0
Hence given lines are concurrent.

(b) 2x + 3 y + 4 = 0
x − 2y − 3 = 0
3x + y − 8 = 0
In matrix form
 2 3 4   x  0
1 −2 −3  y  = 0 
 3 1 −8  1  0 
    
Coefficient matrix of the system is
2 3 4 
A = 1 −2 −3
 3 1 −8
 
⇒ A = 2(16 + 3) − 3(−8 + 9) + 4(1 + 6)
= 2(19) − 3(1) + 4(7) = 38 − 3 + 28 = 63 ≠ 0
Hence given lines are not concurrent.

(c) Do yourself as above

Question # 17
Find a system of linear equations corresponding to the given matrix form .Check
whether the lines responded by the system are concurrent.

1 0 −1  x  0  1 1 2   x  0
(a)  2 0 1   y  = 0 (b)  2 4 −3  y  = 0 
 0 −1 2   1   0   3 6 −5   1   0 
         

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.4 - 21

Solution
(a)
1 0 −1  x  0 
 2 0 1   y  = 0 
 0 −1 2   1   0 
    
 x + 0 − 1  0  x − 1  0 
⇒  2 x + 0 + 1 = 0  ⇒  2 x + 1  = 0 
 0 − y + 2  0  − y + 2  0 
       
Equating the elements
x −1 = 0
2x + 1 = 0
−y + 2 = 0
are the required equation of lines.
Coefficients matrix of the system
1 0 −1
A = 2 0 1 
 0 −1 2 
 
⇒ det A = 1(0 + 1) − 0 − 1(−2 − 0)
=1+ 2 = 3 ≠ 0
Hence system is not concurrent.
(b) Do yourself as above.
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Book: Exercise 4.4 (Page 223)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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