Ebook - HardWare - RFID ISO 18000-6 SCS PDF

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
Reference number of working document: ISO/IEC SC 31/SG 0 N 000

Date: 2002-08-27
Reference number of document: ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4 SG3 18000-6 Proposal
Committee identification: ISO/IEC SC31/WG4
Secretariat: ANSI
Information Technology AIDC Techniques-RFID for Item Management —

Air Interface, Part 6 — Parameters for Air Interface Communications at
UHF
Titre — Titre — Partie n: Titre de la partie
Warning
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Document type: International standard

Document subtype: if applicable
Document stage: Proposal
Document language: E
G:\等待處理資料\RFID_ISO_18000-6_SCS.doc Basic template BASICEN2 1999-02-12

ISO CD 18000-6
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ii
ISO/IEC 18000-6
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ v
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Conformance ...................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Normative references.......................................................................................................................... 1
4 Terms and definitions......................................................................................................................... 2
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) ....................................................................................................... 3
6 Summary Of Commands..................................................................................................................... 3
6.1. Command Set ..................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 Proprietary Commands....................................................................................................................... 4
6.3 Read Modes........................................................................................................................................ 5
6.3.1 Single Bit Read....................................................................................................................................... 5
6.3.2 Multiple Bit Read.................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Architectural Notes............................................................................................................................. 5
7.1 ID_FLAG ............................................................................................................................................. 5
7.2 PRE_SEL_FLAG ................................................................................................................................. 6
7.3 VDDW_OK........................................................................................................................................... 6
7.4 Address Register................................................................................................................................ 6
7.5 Status Register ................................................................................................................................... 6
7.6 Parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 6
7.7 Transmitted CRC ................................................................................................................................ 6
7.8 Command Structure............................................................................................................................ 7
8 Block Diagrams .................................................................................................................................. 8
9 Command Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 9
9.1 Wake_up............................................................................................................................................. 9
9.1.1 Standard Wake_up, Reference 1....................................................................................................... 10
9.1.2 Wake_up, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set, Reference 2.......................................................................... 10
9.2 Multiple Tag Read............................................................................................................................. 10
9.2.1 Command Phases............................................................................................................................. 10
9.2.2 Instant Elimination Mode for Class Sortation ................................................................................... 10
9.2.3 Start Multi–Tag-Read, Reference 3.................................................................................................... 11
9.2.4 Start Multi–Tag-Read at Address 0, Reference 4............................................................................... 11
9.2.5 Start Multi–Tag-Read at Address 2, Reference 5............................................................................... 11
9.2.6 Orthogonal Read, Reference 100 ...................................................................................................... 11
9.3 Sleep_if............................................................................................................................................. 11
9.3.1 Sleep_ if ID_FLAG is set, Reference 8............................................................................................... 11
9.3.2 Sleep_ if ID_FLAG is clear, Reference 9............................................................................................ 11
9.3.3 Sleep_ if PRE_SEL_FLAG is set, Reference 10................................................................................. 12
9.3.4 Sleep_ if PRE_SEL_FLAG is clear, Reference 11.............................................................................. 12
9.4 Set/Clear Flags.................................................................................................................................. 12
9.4.1 Set ID_FLAG, Reference 12............................................................................................................... 12
9.4.2 Clear ID_FLAG, Reference 13 ........................................................................................................... 12
9.4.3 Set PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 14................................................................................................... 12
9.4.4 Clear PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 15................................................................................................ 12
9.5 Read Tag Flags (Single Bit Reads) .................................................................................................... 12
9.5.1 Read ID_FLAG, Reference 16............................................................................................................ 12
9.5.2 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 17................................................................................................ 12
9.5.3 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG. Sleep if Clear, Reference 18......................................................................... 12
9.5.4 Read WRT_PROT Bit, Reference 19.................................................................................................. 12
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
9.6 Erase ................................................................................................................................................ 12

9.6.1 Erase n-Word Block @Address pointer, Reference 22 ..................................................................... 12
9.7 Write and Write Protect/Lock ............................................................................................................ 13
9.7.1 Write Protect @Address pointer, Reference 23 ................................................................................ 13
9.7.2 Write to @Address pointer, Reference 24......................................................................................... 13
9.8 Read Registers................................................................................................................................. 13
9.8.1 Read Address Register, Reference 25 .............................................................................................. 13
9.8.2 Read Status Register, Reference 26 ................................................................................................. 13
9.9 Load Registers ................................................................................................................................. 13
9.9.1 Load Address Register, Reference 27 .............................................................................................. 13
9.10 Proprietary Commands .................................................................................................................... 13
10 Application Notes............................................................................................................................. 13
10.1 Multiple Tag Read Process............................................................................................................... 13
10.2 Instant Elimination Mode for Class Sortation ................................................................................... 16
10.3 Simplified Multi-Tag-Read example, using 4-bit words and no CRC................................................. 16
10.4 Standard Multi-Tag-Read Pictorial.................................................................................................... 18
10.4.1 Multi-Tag-Read (MTR), Command Set Reference 3........................................................................... 23
10.5 Class Sortation using Multi-Tag-Read .............................................................................................. 24
10.6 Tag Class Sortation Pictorial............................................................................................................ 25
10.6.1 Two-word response: word 1, bits (5 down to 2) ................................................................................ 30
10.6.2 Two-word response: word 1, bits (2 down to 0), word 2 bits (31 down to 30) ................................... 31
10.6.3 Two-word response: word 1, bits (2 down to.................................................................................... 32
10.7 Example of Class Sortation on a 128-bit field................................................................................... 33
10.8 Write @ Address Pointer .................................................................................................................. 42
11 Signal Specification.......................................................................................................................... 43
12 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 1-1 Reader to tag communication.....................................................................x

Figure 1-2 Tag to reader communication.....................................................................xi
Figure 8-1 Tag Block Diagram ....................................................................................... 8
Figure 8-2 Reader Block Diagram................................................................................. 9
Figure 11-1 Interrogator-to-tag modulation waveform .............................................44
Table 1 -1 System Characteristics .................................................................................vi

Table 1 -2 Physical link specifications— forward link (reader to the tag).................vii
Table 1 -3 Physical link specifications–backscatter return link (tag to the reader).ix
Table 6 -1 Command Summary...................................................................................... 3
Table 6 -2 Proprietary Commands ................................................................................. 4
Table 7 -1 Status Register ............................................................................................... 6
Table 7 -2 Examples of Transmitted CRC .................................................................... 7
Table 10-1 Class Sortation on a 128-bit field--Group A ..........................................34
Table 10-2 Class Sortation on a 128-bit field --Group B.........................................34
Table 10-3 C lass Sortation on a 128-bit field --Group C ........................................35
Table 11-1 Transmit Specifications .............................................................................44
Table 11-2 Backscatter Specifications .......................................................................45
The table of contents is an optional preliminary element, but is necessary if it makes the standard easier to
consult. The table of contents shall be entitled “Contents” and shall list clauses and, if appropriate, subclauses
with titles, annexes together with their status in parentheses, the bibliography, index(es), figures and tables. The
order shall be as follows: clauses and subclauses with titles; annexes (including clauses and subclauses with
titles if appropriate); the bibliography; index(es); figures; tables. All the elements listed shall be cited with their full
titles. Terms in the “Terms and definitions” clause shall not be listed in the table of contents.
iv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 18000 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 18000, Part 6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 000, TC title,
Subcommittee SC 0, SC title.
This second/third/... edition cancels and replaces the first/second/... edition (ISO nnn-n:19xx), [clause(s) /
subclause(s) / table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
ISO 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Introductory element — Main element:
 Part 1 – Generic Parameters for Air Interface Communication for Globally Accepted Frequencies
 Part 2 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications below 135 Khz.
 Part 3 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 Mhz.
 Part 4 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 2.45 Ghz.
 Part 5 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 5.8 Ghz.
 Part 6 -- Parameters for Air Interface Communications at UHF.
The foreword shall appear in each standard. It shall not contain requirements, figures or tables.
In addition to the appropriate boilerplate text (see above) give as many of the following as are appropriate:
— an indication of any other international organization that has contributed to the preparation of the standard;
— a statement that the standard cancels and replaces other documents in whole or in part;
— a statement of significant technical changes from the previous edition of the standard;
— the relationship of the standard to other standards or other documents;
— a statement specifying which annexes are normative and which are informative.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved v

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Introduction
This specification is for the design of the ISO 18000-6 Air Interface. It includes the signal characteristics and
command set used in communicating between the reader and the tag.
This proposal is based on Region 1 (European) regulations and Region 2 (US FCC part 15) regulations but also
trying to account for the proposed changes to Region 1 regulations. Below is a summary of the system’s
characteristics.
Table 1-1 System Characteristics

Parameter Required Specification
Tag to Reader Minimum Read Distance 2 meters (Region 1); 4 m (region 2)
Read-only / Read-write Read-only / Read-write versions
Tag stationary or moving when read Both
If moving, what speed Multiple (~20) tags: 2 m/sec
Single tag: 40 m/sec 250 in 5 sec
Number of characters transferred during Any increment of 32 bits up to 2
read Mbits bits maximum
Number of characters transferred during 32 data bits plus lock minimum
write
Tag Memory 64 bits minimum, up to 2 Mbits
(dependent upon tag supplier)
Environmental Conditions, System As determined by the manufacturer
Temperature Operating range -30 to 100°C
Storage range -60 to 125°C
Humidity 0 to 99% non-condensing
Shock Mil 810C applicable to automotive
Vibration Mil 810C applicable to automotive
Battery life No battery
Chemical Resistance Mil 810C applicable to automotive
Dirt, dust, precipitation Mil 810C applicable to automotive
Rough handling Mil 810C applicable to automotive
Electromagnetic interference ETS 300 683
Presence of metal Metal in proximity to a tag can cause
reflections of the RF carrier
resulting in peaks or nulls in the
field resulting in enhanced or
reduced read distance s respectively
Orientation (perpendicular / The ability to read a tag oriented
omni-directional) relative to a reader is a function of
the tag’s antenna. Typically, a tag
cannot be read along one of its
three axes.
vi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Parameter Required Specification

Read specific portions of the tag’s memory Yes
without reading entire memory
Data changed or appended during tag life Yes
Encryption None
Obstructions Metals and most liquids will
obstruct the UHF signal.
Handheld / Fixed position Application specific
Batch or RFDC Application specific
Multiple tags read at same time? Limited only by the number of tags
capable of being powered
simultaneously
Reclaimable / reusable tag Yes
Requisite mounting apparatus Application specific
Unique ID Factory programmed. Also allows
for a second user unique ID of any
word length
Versions Memory sizes from 64 bits to 2
Mbits, defined by manufacturer
Storage life 10 years minimum
The characteristics of the transmitted signal generated by the reader is listed below in Table 1-2
Table 1-2 Physical link specifications— forward link (reader to the tag)
Item Parameter Value

F1 Operating Frequency 862 - 928 MHz
Range
F1a Default Operating According to Local regulations for UHF RFID systems.
Frequency May vary locally.
F 1b Operating Channels Region 1: In accordance with ETSI EN300 220-1
Region 2: In accordance with FCC part 15 subpart B
Region 3: Adopt Region 2 where possible, otherwise Region 1
or better.
F 1c Operating Frequency ± 10 ppm over operating temperature range
Accuracy
F 1d Frequency Hop Rate Region 1: n/a Use fixed frequency or AFA.

Region 2: A minimum hop rate of 2.5 hops per second.
(compliant with FCC Part 15 Section 247 (a)(1)(i))
or better.
F 1e Frequency Hop Pseudo-random pattern over short term.
Sequences – Region Even distribution longer term.
2
The system shall use at least 50 hopping frequencies and the
average time of occupancy on any frequency shall not be
greater than 0.4 seconds within a 20 second period.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved vii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Item Parameter Value

F2 Occupied Channel Region 1: In accordance with ETSI EN300 220-1
Bandwidth Region 2: In accordance with FCC part 15 subpart B
F3 Interrogator Transmit Region 1: The current maximum for Region 1 is 27 dBm ERP
Power Region 2: The current maximum is 30 dBm output from the
reader, and 4W (36 dBm) EIRP from the reader transmit
antenna.
or better.
F4 Interrogator Transmit As permitted by local regulation
Spurious Emissions, Region 1: ETS EN 300-220-1
Region 2: As permitted by FCC
or better.
Out of band emission: less than 250nW EIRP
F 4a Interrogator Transmit Region 1: In accordance with ETSI EN300 220-1

Spurious Emissions, Region 2: In accordance with FCC part 15 subpart B
In-Band Region 3: Adopt Region 2 where possible, otherwise Region 1
or better.
F 4b Interrogator Transmit Region 1: In accordance with ETSI EN300 220-1
Spurious Emissions, Region 2: In accordance with FCC part 15 subpart B
Out-of-Band Region 3: Adopt Region 2 where possible, otherwise Region 1
or better.
F 5a Transmit to Receive The turnaround time will be greater than 6 usec.
Turn Around Time
F 5b Receive to Transmit The turnaround time will be greater than 1 usec.

Turn Around Time .
F 5c Interrogator Transmit The reader transmitter will reach full allowable power level in
Power-On Ramp less than 1 millisecond
F 5d Interrogator Transmit The reader transmitter will drop from full allowable power to a
Power-Down Ramp level that is 40 dB below full power in less than 1 millisecond
F6 Modulation Amplitude modulation.
The waveform shall be shaped to minimize sidebands
emission. Sine wave or gaussian will be required
See Figure 9-1
F 6d On/Off Ratio Voltage ratio of 1.00 : 0.97
See Figure 9-1
F 6e Duty Cycle Comply with local regulations
F7 Data Coding Multiple Pulse Modulation

F8 Bit Rate 15 kbps maximum in Region 1
75kbps maximum in Region 2
F 10 Tag Receiver Field Intensity of 150V/m at the tag position
Non-Destructive Input
RF Level
F 11 Preamble None
viii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Below in Table 1-3 are listed the characteristics of the return signal from the tag
Table 1-3 Physical link specifications – backscatter return link (tag to the reader)
Item Parameter VALUE

R 1b Operating Channels Same as forward link
R 1c Operating Frequency Same as forward link
Accuracy
R 1d Frequency Hop Rate Same as forward link
R 1e Frequency Hop Same as forward link
Sequence
R2 Occupied Channel Narrow band mode: 25kHz for Region 1
Bandwidth Wide band mode: 1MHz for Region 2
R 5a Receive-Transmit The tag response will occur no earlier than 8 microseconds

Turn Around Time and no later than 12 usec after receiving a pulse from the
reader. For Region 1 a second pulse between 40 and 60 usec
after the transmitted pulse will occur. For the proposed Region
1 regulations a third pulse between 16 and 24 usec after the
transmitted pulse will occur.
R6 Modulation Pulse amplitude modulation
See Figure 9.1
R 6e Duty Cycle Same as the transmitted duty cycle
R7 Data Coding Pulsed. See Figure 1-2
R8 Bit Rate 15kbps maximum for Region 1
75kbps maximum for Region 2
R 11 Preamble None
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved ix

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Frame "0" "1"
RawData
Tp Ts
Tci Tci Tci
Clocki
Tch
Figure 1-1 Reader to tag communication
The forward link (reader to tag) communication is achieved by sending one or more RF pulses to the tag, which
are received by the tag circuitry as RawData pulses.
Frame Markers and Data are transmitted at an interval (frame length) within the constraints of the underlying
implementation technology and the regional radio regulations. In Region 2, the frame length may be typically 10
microseconds
To send a frame marker (clock only), the reader transmits 1 pulse. To send a “0”, it transmits 2 pulses, and to
send a “1” it transmits three. A “Q”, (Quad, or four pulses), is also defined (not shown) to indicate the start of a
Proprietary Command.
In addition to interpreting the RawData pulses as data “0s” and “1s”, the tag simultaneously uses the RawData to
develop its internal Clock, Clocki. In this way the tag operation is fully self-clocking and synchronized with the
reader operation.
x © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
The following figure illustrates tag to reader communication.
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
RawData
Tp
Tci Tci Tci
Clocki
Tch
Tco Tco Tco
Clocko
Tch
Data_Tx
LdAntenna
Figure 1-2 Tag to reader communication
Tag communication to the reader is by RF “backscatter”, where the tag’s antenna impedance is modulated by its
data, and the impedance changes are sensed by the reader’s receiver circuitry. Tag data are sent by the tag in
response to the appropriate commands and data from the reader, a single bit per frame. The tag’s responses are
fully synchronized, bit by bit, with the reader’s transmissions.
Antenna impedance modulation is achieved when a Data_Tx signal from the digital logic section indicates within
which frame the tag will send a response. This is logically ANDed with an output clock pulse, Clocko, to form the
Ld Antenna signal.
The introduction is an optional preliminary element used, if required, to give specific information or commentary
about the technical content of the standard, and about the reasons prompting its preparation. It shall not contain
requirements.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xi

ISO/IEC 18000-6
The introduction shall not be numbered unless there is a need to create numbered subdivisions. In this case, it
shall be numbered 0 with subclauses being numbered 0.1, 0.2, etc. Any numbered figure, table, displayed
formula or footnote shall be numbered normally beginning with 1.
xii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO CD 18000-6
Introductory element — Main element — Part n: Part title
1 Scope
A paragraph.
The Scope clause shall appear at the beginning of each standard and define without ambiguity the subject of
the standard and the aspect(s) covered, thereby indicating the limits of applicability of the standard or
particular parts of it. It shall not contain requirements.
The scope shall be succinct so that it can be used as a summary for bibliographic purposes.
It shall be worded as a series of statements of fact. Forms of expression such as “This International Standard
specifies [establishes] [gives guidelines for] [defines terms] … ” shall be used.
Statements of applicability of the standard shall be introduced by the wording “This International Standard is
applicable to … ”.
A clause is the basic component in the subdivision of the content of a standard.
The clauses in each standard or part shall be numbered with arabic numerals, beginning with 1 for the “Scope”
clause. The numbering shall be continuous up to but excluding any annexes. Numbers given to the clauses of
an annex shall be preceded by the letter designating that annex followed by a full-stop. The numbering shall
start afresh with each annex.
Each clause shall have a title, placed immediately after its number, on a line separate from the text that follows
it.
A paragraph is an unnumbered subdivision of a clause or subclause.
2 Conformance
A paragraph.
The Conformance clause is only required in some standards in the Information technology field.
Requirements concerning the conformance clause are not covered by the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3, 1997,
but by ISO/IEC TR 10000-1[1].
3 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of ISO 18000. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of
these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO nnn are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents
indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO ab-c:199x, General title of series of parts — Part c: Title of part.
ISO xyz (all parts), General title of the series of parts.
i
ISO/IEC 18000-6
The Normative reference(s) clause is an optional element that gives a list of the normative documents to
which reference is made in the standard in such a way as to make them indispensable for the application of
the standard.
In principle, the normative documents shall be International Standards published by ISO and/or IEC.
Normative documents published by other bodies may be listed provided that
— the document is recognized by the ISO and/or IEC committee concerned as having wide acceptance and
authoritative status as well as being publicly available,
— the ISO and/or IEC committee concerned has obtained the agreement of the authors or publishers (where
known) of the document to its inclusion,
— the authors or publishers (where known) have also agreed to inform the ISO and/or IEC committee
concerned of their intention to revise the document and of the points the revision will concern, and
— the ISO and/or IEC committee concerned undertakes to review the situation in the light of any changes in
the referenced document.
The normative reference list is introduced by a standard wording.
Type 3 Technical Reports are not permitted to contain normative matter, and shall not contain “normative
references”. They may, however, contain “references”.
The list shall not include the following:
— documents that are not publicly available;
— documents to which only informative reference is made;
— documents which have merely served as references in the preparation of the standard.
Such documents may be listed in a bibliography.
Normative references shall be either dated (i.e. to a specific edition) or undated.
For dated references, each shall be given with its year of publication, or, in the case of enquiry or final drafts,
with a dash together with a footnote “To be published.”, and full title. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions
of, dated references will need to be incorporated by amendment of the standard referring to them. References
to specific divisions or subdivisions, tables and figures of another document shall always be dated.
Undated references may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
a) if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the document referred to for the
purposes of the referring standard;
b) for informative references.
Undated references shall be understood to include all amendments to and revisions of the quoted publication.
The year of publication or dash shall not be given for undated references. When an undated reference is to all
parts of a standard, the publication number shall be followed by the indication “(all parts)” and the general title
of the series of parts (i.e. the introductory and main elements).
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 18000, the following terms and definitions apply /the terms and definitions
given in … and the following apply.
ii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
4.1
term
text of the definition
The Terms and definitions clause is an optional element giving definitions necessary for the understanding
of certain terms used in the standard.
The term and definition list is introduced by a standard wording, which shall be modified as appropriate.
Rules for the drafting and presentation of terms and definitions are given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3,
1997[2], annex C, and in ISO 10241[3].
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
A paragraph.
The Symbols (and abbreviated terms) clause is an optional element giving a list of the symbols and
abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of the standard.
Unless there is a need to list symbols in a specific order to reflect technical criteria, all symbols should be listed
in alphabetical order in the following sequence:
— upper case Latin letter followed by lower case Latin letter (A, a, B, b, etc.);
— letters without indices preceding letters with indices, and with letter indices preceding numerical ones (B,
b, C, Cm, C2, c, d, d ext, d int, d 1, etc.);
— Greek letters following Latin letters (Z, z, Α, α, Β, β … Λ, λ, etc.);
— any other special symbols.
6 Summary Of Commands
6.1. Command Set
Table 6-1 Command Summary

Ref. Hex Binary Definition Parameter CRC length
length/content (bits)
s
1 0x01 G 000001 0 Standard Wake_up * 0 none
2 0x02 G 000010 0 Wake_up, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set * 0 none
3 0x22 100010 1 Start Multi-Tag Read 2/16-bit addr. 8
4 0x19 011001 0 Start Multi-Tag-Read at address 0 0 none
5 0x1A 011010 0 Start Multi-Tag-Read at address 2 0 none
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
8 0x08 001000 0 Sleep if ID_FLAG is set 0 none
9 0x09 001001 1 Sleep if ID_FLAG is clear 0 none
10 0x0A 001010 1 Sleep if PRE_SEL_FLAG is set 0 none
11 0x0B 001011 0 Sleep if PRE_SEL_FLAG is clear 0 none
12 0x0E 001110 0 Set ID_FLAG 0 none
13 0x0F 001111 1 Clear ID_FLAG 0 none
14 0x10 010000 0 Set PRE_SEL_FLAG 0 none
15 0x11 010001 1 Clear PRE_SEL_FLAG 0 none
16 0x0C 001100 1 Read ID_FLAG 0 none
17 0x0D 001101 0 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG 0 none
18 0x1B 011011 1 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG, Sleep if Clear 0 none
19 0x18 011000 1 Read WRT_PROT_FLAG @ Address 0 none

pointer
22 0x21 100001 1 Erase n-word block @Address Pointer 2/16-bit length 8
23 0x12 010010 1 Write Protect @Address pointer 0 none
24 0x30 110000 1 Write to @Address pointer 4/32 bit word 8
25 0x13 010011 0 Read Address Register 0 none
26 0x14 010100 1 Read Status Register 0 none
27 0x20 100000 0 Load Address Register 2/16 bit addr. 8
100 0x1C 011100 0 Orthogonal Read 1/8-bit location 8
Note: G denotes the commands that require 2 single pulses (known as guard pulses) before they will execute.
6.2 Proprietary Commands
Commands specific to a tag manufacturer will be accommodated by defining a Proprietary Command. This is
a command whose first symbol is a quadruple pulse. These codes, identified below, are reserved for individual
manufacturers of Tags and Readers to incorporate proprietary functionality, such as to facilitate programming
and testing of tags during the manufacturing process.
Table 6-2 Proprietary Commands
iv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Trinary Code with Definition

parity
(Q = quad pulse)
Q01000 0 Proprietary (Reserved)
6.3 Read Modes
There are three types of Read modes. Multiple Tag Read is the predominate mode of operation and is
described in detail in section 9.2. Other modes are Single Bit Read and Multiple Bit Read.
6.3.1 Single Bit Read
Some commands will perform a Single Bit Read of an associated Flag. Two Frame Pulses issued by the
reader are required, with the Tag responding after the first Frame Pulse to convey a logic “1”, and after the
second Frame Pulse to convey a logic “0”. There is also a specialized version used following Erase and Write
commands where there may be a response in both the First and Second frames.
6.3.2 Multiple Bit Read
Some commands will read the contents of registers, either 8 bits or 16 bits at a time. Two Frame Pulses
(comprising a Frame Pair) issued by the Reader are required for each bit of data read, and for each CRC and
Parity bit (calculated by the chip and transmitted following the data). A logic “1” is conveyed by the tag sending
a pulse in the first frame of the Frame Pair, and a logic “0” by a pulse in the second frame of the Frame Pair.
7 Architectural Notes
7.1 ID_FLAG
Used to indicate that either the tag has been identified, or that it has been eliminated from the multi-tag read
operation.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved v

ISO/IEC 18000-6
7.2 PRE_SEL_FLAG
Indicates tag has been pre-selected.
7.3 VDDW_OK
Indicates that there was sufficient voltage to Program memory successfully. The VDDW_OK FLAG will be
cleared upon any successful WRITE, ERASE, or INITIALIZE MEMORY command.
7.4 Address Register
Assuming 16 bit address space. Most commands dealing with tag memory will operate on the word pointed to
by this register. Address is memory location of 32 bit words
7.5 Status Register
Table 7-1 Status Register

Bit 0 ID_FLAG
Bit 1 PRE_SEL_FLAG
Bit 2 VDDW_OK FLAG
Bit 3 CRC_ERR_FLAG
Bit 4 RESERVED
Bit 5 RESERVED
Bit 6 RESERVED
Bit 7 RESERVED
7.6 Parameters
Any command which includes parameters also includes an 8-bit CRC, which is calculated over the parameter
only. An overall odd parity bit covers the 6 bit command code, its parity bit, parameters and CRC. If an
incorrect CRC is received by the chip, the CRC_ERR_FLAG shall be set (or cleared if a good CRC is
received). Except where explicitly noted, a bad CRC or Parity will cause the chip to sleep.
7.7 Transmitted CRC
This is used with reader commands that have a parameter field and is used with every 32 bit word returned
8 2
from the tag. Generating polynomial X + X + X + 1. The initial register value is 0x00. The code word is
shifted most significant bit first. Before transmitting, but after calculating, the syndrome byte is XOR’d with
0x55. Upon receipt, the syndrome byte is XOR’d with 0x55 before being shifted in to the CRC checker.
vi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Table 7-2 Examples of Transmitted CRC

Exampl Cmd + Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 Byte 0 Calcul Tran
e parity ated smitt
syndro ed
me synd
rome
1 0x61 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0xe3 0xb6
2 --- 0x 22 0x 99 0x 80 0x 35 0x 4c 0x19
3 --- 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x55
4 --- --- 0x01 0x95 0x28 0x13 0x46
5 --- --- 0x45 0x00 0x0f 0x2d 0x78
Notes:
Example 1 is what the reader would transmit to the tag to execute a write command, data = 0x01020304
Example 2 is what the reader would receive during a continuation phase, tag data = 0x22998035
Example 3 illustrates why the XOR 0x55 is used (for noise immunity).
Example 5 is what the reader would transmit to the tag to execute a Start Multi-Tag-Read at address 0x000f
Detects 3-bit errors, can correct 1 bit
Calculated over parameters only.
7.8 Command Structure
Command without parameters:
Cmd – Command – six bits
P-- Parity -- one bit
Cmd P
Command with parameters:
Cmd – Command – six bits
Par -- Parameter – 16 bit word address or 32 bits of data
CRC-- CRC -- eight bits
P-- Parity -- one bit
Cmd P Par CRC P
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved vii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
8 Block Diagrams
Figure 8-1 Tag Block Diagram
STATUS REGISTER
ID_FLAG
PRE_SEL_FLAG
VDD_OK
CRC_ERR
MUX
SERIAL DATA OUT

DE-MUX
TAG MEMORY/
CRC LOGIC
SERIAL DATA IN
CONTROL LOGIC
Tag Block Diagram
viii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Figure 8-2 Reader Block Diagram
Phase Locked Amplify Reader

3 dB RF Power Transmits
Loop UHF
Coupler Amp/Switch Amp Data by
UHF Band Band
Keying Off the
RF Signal
Hopping Channel Sync &

Assignment Data from
Micro
Modulation LO
Circuit Signal
Antenna
Circulator
Amplify/Filter/Detec
System Microprocessor t
Quadrature
Downconverter
Clock (Baseband )
Voltage Rectifier
and Antenna
Backscatter
Switch
(Baseband )
Control Filter
Power
Digital Circuitry
Supply
Tag
Antenna Switch Tag Transmits
Data Using
RS232 Antenna
Interface Backscatter
Reader Block Diagram
9 Command Descriptions
All values are transmitted Most Significant word/byte/bit first.
9.1 Wake_up
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved ix

ISO/IEC 18000-6
• Wake_up is a command.
• Sleep is a tag state.
When the tag is first illuminated, it will always be in the sleep state. When in the sleep state, tags will only
execute commands that include a waking action. Flags can not be changed while the tag is asleep. Once
awake, the tag will execute all commands. The Wake commands are guarded from execution during a data
sequence by the requirement that 2 single pulses must precede them.
9.1.1 Standard Wake_up, Reference 1
Wakes all tags. Used in most general purpose applications.
9.1.2 Wake_up, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set, Reference 2
Wakes all tags and performs a single bit read of the ID_flag. If its ID_FLAG is set, the tag will go to sleep after
reporting its state. Used in multi-tag read operations.
9.2 Multiple Tag Read
Uses binary tree process of elimination to force all but one tag to sleep. The reader will have learned the tag
identity. The reader may then conduct transactions with this single tag. Such transactions include reading of
more data, changing status of tag, and changing contents of memory that is not write protected. Once the tag
has been isolated in this manner and transactions have been completed, the ID_FLAG is set by the reader to
prevent the tag from participating in subsequent search of the binary tree. A simplified example is provided
later in this document.
9.2.1 Command Phases
9.2.1.1 Start Phase
A single command begins a multiple tag, multiple word read from tags that are awake. The multi-tag read
commands contain information specifying the address of the word to be processed. One type begins at the
location pointed to by the address register, while two other commands start at a fixed address.
9.2.1.2 Continuation Phase
After the Start Phase, the reader will issue a ‘separator,’ which is a double (data ‘0’) pulse. The separator
signals the tag to send its bit-31 content. The separator is followed by a string of double (data ‘0’) and triple
(data ‘1’) pulses according to the search branch being followed. As each 32-bit word + 8 bit CRC + 1 bit parity
has been stepped through, the tag automatically prepares to send the data at the subsequent (N + 1) address.
If the tag receives a separator at this boundary, it continues with the next word. If the tag receives a single
pulse at this boundary, it stays awake and awaits a subsequent command.
9.2.2 Instant Elimination Mode for Class Sortation
In normal mode, a tag will put itself to sleep if the pulse group from the reader (data ‘0’ or data ‘1’) does not
x © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
match the contents of its bit at that location. In Instant Elimination Mode, a single pulse is issued during the
Continuation Phase (any time between the separator and the first CRC bit, depending on which bits of the
data word are of interest) of the command. In this mode, the tag will not only go to sleep if it doesn’t match the
subsequent reader-sent bit, but will also set its own ID_FLAG. Instant Elimination Mode is used to quickly
eliminate tags so others can be pre-selected or otherwise processed. A second single pulse (before the first
CRC frame) puts the tag back into normal mode.
9.2.3 Start Multi–Tag-Read, Reference 3
Read starts at the address included with the command.
9.2.4 Start Multi–Tag-Read at Address 0, Reference 4
Starts at fixed address, which is defined in the chip architecture.
9.2.5 Start Multi–Tag-Read at Address 2, Reference 5
Starts at fixed address, which is defined in the chip architecture.
9.2.6 Orthogonal Read, Reference 100
Starting at address 0, send the value of the bits in the location specified in the parameter for each of 32
contiguous addresses, followed by a valid CRC and parity. If one or more, but less than 32 contiguous word
addresses exist, send 0s for the nonexistent addresses and a valid CRC and Parity. The reader will issue
continuations to read subsequent groups of 32 words. If no valid addresses exist, the tag sends back 32 0's
AND a CRC of 00000000, parity of 1 but does not go to sleep. The reader will then stop issuing continuations.
If the bit location given by the parameter exceeds the total bit length of the word, the tag shall sleep. Valid bit
locations are bit 0 (MSB) through bit 40 (Write Protect), including the stored CRC bits.
9.3 Sleep_if
• Sleep is a tag state.

• The commands in this series are used to place the tag into the sleep state.
Tags are selectively put to sleep during Pre-select and Multi-tag-read to remove them from the binary search
process.
9.3.1 Sleep_ if ID_FLAG is set, Reference 8
9.3.2 Sleep_ if ID_FLAG is clear, Reference 9
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xi

ISO/IEC 18000-6
9.3.3 Sleep_ if PRE_SEL_FLAG is set, Reference 10
9.3.4 Sleep_ if PRE_SEL_FLAG is clear, Reference 11
9.4 Set/Clear Flags
Reader is able to set and clear these flags to change the tag state and uses this to implement Pre-select and
Multi-tag-read. Each Set and Clear command is followed by two single pulses, constituting a single-bit read of
the respective Flag.
9.4.1 Set ID_FLAG, Reference 12
9.4.2 Clear ID_FLAG, Reference 13
9.4.3 Set PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 14
9.4.4 Clear PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 15
9.5 Read Tag Flags (Single Bit Reads)
Provide a very fast read of the tag flags.
9.5.1 Read ID_FLAG, Reference 16
9.5.2 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG, Reference 17
9.5.3 Read PRE_SEL_FLAG. Sleep if Clear, Reference 18
Used for Pre-select operation
9.5.4 Read WRT_PROT Bit, Reference 19
Returns the write protect state of the word pointed to by the address register.
9.6 Erase
9.6.1 Erase n-Word Block @Address pointer, Reference 22
Erases a variable length block. After the command and parameter, CRC and Parity, the reader will wait for 10
ms, then send a pulse doublet then a single pulse. After a pause of two frame intervals, reader issues two
single pulses which constitute a Specialized Read of the Write Protect status and VDD_OK flag.
xii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
9.7 Write and Write Protect/Lock
9.7.1 Write Protect @Address pointer, Reference 23
Permanently prevents word from being erased or written to. The reader will wait for 20 ms, then send a pulse
doublet then a single pulse. After a pause of two frame intervals, reader issues two single pulses which
constitute a specialized read of the Write Protect Bit and VDD_OK flag.
9.7.2 Write to @Address pointer, Reference 24
Writes 32 bits of Data and 8 bits CRC to a single word in tag memory. After the last (parity) bit of the data
parameter, the reader will wait 20 ms, then send a pulse doublet then a single pulse. After a pause of two
frame intervals, reader issues two single pulses which constitute a specialized read of the Write Protect Bit
and VDD_OK flag.
9.8 Read Registers
9.8.1 Read Address Register, Reference 25
Returns contents of 16-bit address register. Appends 8-bit CRC + odd parity.
9.8.2 Read Status Register, Reference 26
Returns contents of 8-bit address register. Appends 8-bit CRC + odd parity.
9.9 Load Registers
9.9.1 Load Address Register, Reference 27
Most significant byte of 16-bit address sent first, followed by LSB, then 8-bit CRC + odd parity. Attempting to
load an Address value exceeding the available memory will cause the chip enter the Sleep state.
9.10 Proprietary Commands
These commands are preceded by a quad pulse and are to be defined by the individual manufacturers.
10 Application Notes
10.1 Multiple Tag Read Process
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ISO/IEC 18000-6
Generalized Multi-
Tag-Read flow
LIST_ID
Wake all tags
No Any tags with

ID_FLAG
clear?
Yes
Sleep if ID_FLAG set
load starting address,

initialize word count
Multi-tag-read 1 word
(increment tag address)
decrement word count
No
word count
= 0?
Yes
set ID_FLAG
send data to host
xiv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
The ability to identify all tags in the RF field, as well as to isolate one or more of many tags for reading or
writing, is generically known as ‘multi-tag read capability.’ Multi-tag read capability is accomplished by taking
advantage of various states and flags to successively eliminate unwanted tags from communication with the
reader. Specifically, tag memory data is examined one bit at a time, and a binary string is traversed. By the
time the end node of the traversal is reached, only one tag (if its data are unique) or a number of tags (if their
data are identical) are left in the ‘awake’ state. All other tags are ‘asleep.’ The length of the binary string
traversal can be any multiple of 32 bits, up to the length of the entire tag memory contents.
This example uses the tag’s ID_FLAG to mark tags that have already been identified or otherwise processed.
It uses the ‘sleep’ state to prevent tags from interfering with the communication between the reader and
desired tags. In the example, the two-word (64-bit) unique identifier that is factory programmed into each tag is
traversed. In this case, one and only one tag will be left awake at the end. This tag could then be written to or
read from with no interference from other tags in the field. However, this algorithm can be used on any block
of tag memory.
1. Issue Wake_up, Read ID_FLAG, Sleep if Set command (ref 2).
2. If there is a tag response in second half or both halves of the one-bit frame pair, there is a tag that has not
yet been identified: go to next step. Otherwise, wait for a new, unidentified tag to come into the field by
repeating the previous step.
3. Issue the Start Multi-Tag-Read with address field = 0 command (ref 4). This will eliminate (put to sleep)
most of the tags in the field after the first 32 bit word. If there are tags with duplicate data in this word, there
may still be more than one tag awake at this point. The multi-read command is continued into the next word
and will select one tag, assuming 64-bit unique data (unique serial numbers).
4. Issue the Set ID_FLAG command (ref 12), loop back to step 1.
The Multi-Tag-Read command relies on intelligence designed into the tag to make the decisions on if and
when to drop out of a Multi-Tag-Read sequence. Decisions are based on the tags’ previous actions and the
reader’s single-bit replies to the tags’ responses during the bit-by-bit interrogation process.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xv

ISO/IEC 18000-6
A Multi-Tag-Read isolation sequence proceeds as follows:
1. The reader sends the tag one of its Start Multi-Tag-Read commands (ref 3, 4, or 5) and Address
Parameter if required.
2. The reader then sends a pulse doublet.. This is known as the ‘separator’. Immediately after the separator,
the reader looks for a tag response. If the reader gets a pulse, at least one tag had bit 31 set (logic 1) at that
memory location.
3. If the reader receives a tag generated pulse, the reader sends a data pulse triplet (logic 1) as the next
symbol, in effect echoing the response of the tag. If the reader does not receive a pulse from the tag, the
reader sends a data pulse doublet (logic 0) as the next symbol.
4. If the tag receives a data pulse triplet (logic 1) from the reader, but did not respond to the last data pulse,
the tag has failed this isolation round and goes to sleep. This continues until the reader has sent data pulses
bits 31 down to 0 of the word selected.
5. After the tag has responded to the 32 data queries from the receiver, the tag will send an 8-bit CRC in the
following way:
a) Respond if the first bit of the calculated CRC across the 32 data bits is a ‘1’, or
b) Not respond if the first bit is a ‘0’.
c) The reader and tag then continue in lockstep for the remaining 7 bits of CRC, and one more for odd parity.
Just as during the data phase, the tag will sleep if the reader does not echo the tag’s response.
6. To continue to the next word, the reader issues a separator. The tag will respond if bit 31 of this next word
is set.
7. If, instead of a separator, the tag receives a single pulse, it terminates the auto-increment mode and
awaits another command.
10.2 Instant Elimination Mode for Class Sortation
If the user wants to quickly eliminate tags with certain contents without identifying them, the reader can cause
the tag to enter Instant Elimination mode. This causes the tag to set its own ID_FLAG at the time it goes to
sleep during the continuation phase. On subsequent MTR operations, the tag will not participate. To put a tag
into Instant Elimination mode, a single pulse is issued any time after the separator, but before the frame
corresponding to bit 0 of the data word. If a second single pulse is issued during the continuation phase, the
tag reverts to non-Instant Elimination mode.
10.3 Simplified Multi-Tag-Read example, using 4-bit words and no CRC
Note: The “parity bit” shown is the last bit of the string of bits for the command sent by the reader
Rules for interpretation of examples
1. Multi-tag read commands, Reference 3, 4, 5, always send a separator pulse (data zero) after the
command parity bit. Tags with left most bit set (logic 1) will send a pulse back to the reader.
2. Read flag commands, Reference 16, 17, 18, 19, always send two single pulses, spaced by frame period,
after the parity bit.
a. Tags with flag set (logic 1) will respond after the first pulse.
xvi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
b. Tags whose flag is clear (logic 0) will respond after the second pulse
3. The binary search proceeds from left to right, bit n to bit 0.
a. Tags send a pulse back to the reader if the tag bit is set (logic 1)
b. Tags do not send a pulse back to the reader if the tag bit is clear (logic 0)
4. Reader echoes the action of the tag.
a. Reader sends a data pulse one (three pulses) if a tag response was received
b. Reader sends a data pulse zero (two pulses) if there was no tag response.
5. The tag goes to sleep if the tag bit does not match the data pulse from the reader.
6. The tag decrements its counter if the tag bit matches the data pulse from the reader.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xvii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.4 Standard Multi-Tag-Read Pictorial
Standard Multi-Tag-Read
Single-bit Read
Parity bit
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
1. Interrogator wakes all tags, issues
Read ID_FLAG , sleep if set command.
All tags respond with a '0' and stay awake
Parity bit Separator
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
2. Interrogator issues Multi-Tag-Read command.

Their leftmost bit (bit 3) is set, so tag 1 and tag 3 both respond.
Comments on this page
1. Reader sends Wake_up command (Ref 2). The command includes two pulses after the parity bit.
Since ID flags are not set (logic 0), all tags respond with a return pulse after the second single pulse and stay
awake
If one of the tags would have had the ID flag set, it would have responded with a return pulse after the first
single pulse and would have gone to sleep.
2. Reader sends Start Multi-Tag Read (Ref 3, 4, 5)
Reader then sends the separator pulse pair (this is same as the data zero pulse pair)
The binary tree traverse starts from the left in this case.
Since bit3 of tags 1 and 3 are set, they both respond
xviii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
3. Interrogator sends a '1'
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
4. Its leftmost bit (bit 3) is clear, so tag 2 goes to sleep
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
5. Tags 1 and 3 do not have a '1' in next bit (bit2),

so neither responds
3. Reader sends a one since last tag response indicates at least one tag was present with a logic 1 in the
leftmost bit. Thus the reader echoed the response of a tag or tags.
4. Since tag 2’s left most bit is zero, the tag interprets the logic one data as the direction to go to sleep. Tag
2 goes to sleep and does not respond during the search of the right hand bits.
Since tags 1 and 3 both have a 1 in bit 3, they increment their counters to be ready for decisions on bit 2.
5. Since tags 1 and 3 both have a 0 in bit 2, they do not respond to the reader’s logic one.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xix

ISO/IEC 18000-6
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
6. Interrogator sends a '0'
no response no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
7. Tags 1 and 3 do not have a '1' in next bit (bit1),

so neither responds. Interrogator sends another '0'
6. The reader did not receive a response to the last data one pulse group.
The reader then issues a data zero pulse group. The reader echoed the tag reaction.
No response means that the tags both have a 0 in bit 2.
Since tags have a 0 in bit 2, which matches the data zero group sent by the reader, they advance their
counters to bit 1.
7. The reader did not receive a response to the last data zero pulse group.
The reader then issues a data zero pulse group. The reader echoed the tag reaction.
No response means that the tags have a zero in bit 1.
Since tags have a 0 in bit 1, which matches the data zero group sent by the reader, they advance their
counters to bit 0.
xx © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
8. Tag 3 has a '1' in next bit (bit0). Therefore:

a) Tag 3 responds,
b) Interrogator sends a '1'
c) Tag 1 goes to sleep.
Parity bit Separator 1 0 0 1
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
ID
9. A record of the last 4 bits yields the tag's data.

The tag has now been read/identified, so its ID_FLAG is set
by the interrogator.
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0110 1001
ID
10. All tags are awakened.
8. Since tag 3 has bit zero set, tag three responds with a pulse.
The reader then sends a data one pulse.
Tag 1, since it does not have bit zero set goes to sleep.
9. This picture shows the values of the last four data pulse sets that were sent.
The last bit in the binary search has been reached.
Tag 3 has now been identified as “1001”
Tag 3 ID-Flag is set by the interrogator
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxi

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10. A command to “Set ID_FLAG” would typically be sent to the remaining tag. Reader would send a “Wake”
command.
Single-bit Read
Parity bit
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID
11. Interrogator issues Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set

command.
Reply is mixed (some '0's, some '1's).
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID
12. Tags with ID_FLAG set are put to sleep.

Process is then repeated from step 1
with only tag 1 and tag 2 participating.
11. Reader sends Wake, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set command, Reference 2.
Reader gets mixed response
Tag 3 has the ID_FLAG set and responds after the first pulse.
The ID_Flag for Tags 1 & 2 are not set and they respond after the second pulse.
12. The command issued above now puts Tag 3 to sleep.
The process then goes back to step 1 and is repeated until another tag is identified.
The next tag to be identified is then put to sleep in step 12.
The process then goes back to step 1 and is repeated until the third tag is identified.
The last tag to be identified is then put to sleep in step 12.
13. Reader sends Wake, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set command, Reference 2. Reader gets a response only
after its first single pulse. Since there is no response after its second single pulse, the reader recognizes that
there are no tags remaining in the field that have not been identified.
xxii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
The reader in the general case would continue to issue the Wake, Read ID_FLAG. When a response is
received after the second pulse, reader would issue a Start Multi-Tag read and repeat the process for each of
the tags encountered.
The reader does not issue Start Multi-Tag Read commands when there is no response to the Wake, Read
ID_FLAG command.
10.4.1 Multi-Tag-Read (MTR), Command Set Reference 3
Air Interface Pulse Pattern
5 4 3 2 1 0 P 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
cmd.
command code address value
parity
Multi-Tag-Read (MTR) command portion
address + command + command parity bit

parity Separator tag responses
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22
address + command + command parity bit CRC total parity
MTR command portion (continued) MTR data portion
tag responses
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MTR data portion (continued)
data from tag:

tag responses
0x14000007
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P
tag data CRC:
0x7f
data
data CRC
parity
tag data parity:
Single pulse
ends command 1
MTR data portion (continued)
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxiii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.5 Class Sortation using Multi-Tag-Read
1. Issue a Wake, Read ID_FLAG, Sleep if Set command (Ref 2)
2. If there is a tag response in the second or both halves of the one-bit frame pair, there is a tag that has not
yet been identified/selected: go to next step. Otherwise, wait for a new, unidentified tag to come into the field
by repeating previous the previous step.
3. Issue Start Multi-Tag-Read command, with address (Ref 28) Normally, the reader would follow a search
tree, with the order depending on the leftmost bit that is set. In this case though, when the reader reaches the
frame that corresponds to the first bit of the pre-select field, it will issue a single frame pulse. This signals the
tags that if they do not have the next-sent value in that bit position, they are to set their ID_FLAG immediately
(Instant Elimination mode) and go to sleep. For example, if we are at bit position 27, and we want to pre-select
tags with bit 27 set, the reader will send a single pulse followed by a triple (data ‘1’). Any tag that doesn’t have
a ‘1’ in bit 27 will go to sleep and set its own ID_FLAG. Tags with ID_FLAG set will not participate in
subsequent Multi-Tag-Read commands. Since this is the only bit pre-selected, send another single pulse to
revert to standard Multi-Tag-Read operation.
Note 1: if the field of interest starts at bit 31 (uppermost bit) of the first word, then the separator must be a
followed by a single pulse.
Note 2: More than 1 bit can be pre-selected. Just don’t issue the second single pulse until the field of interest
is completed (see example below).
Note 3: To enter Instant Elimination Mode at a word boundary in the midst of a multiple word read, issue a
single pulse after the separator.
If this is the last word of a multiple word read, issue a single pulse.
4. The PRE_SELECT_FLAG may now be set, if it is needed for subsequent processing.
xxiv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.6 Tag Class Sortation Pictorial
Pre-Select tags with '10' in bits 2 and 1

(select field = '10' across bits 2 down to 1)
Single-bit Read
Parity bit
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
1. Interrogator wakes all tags, issues Read ID_FLAG, Sleep
if Set command.
All tags respond with a '0' and stay awake
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
2. Interrogator sends Multi-Tag-Read command.

Because their leftmost bit (bit 3) is set, tag 1 and tag 3 both respond.
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
3. Interrogator sends a data '1' because of
the tag response.
Its leftmost bit (bit 3) is clear, so tag 2 goes to sleep
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
4. Tag 3 sends a response.

Interrogator sends a single pulse. This instructs the tag to handle
a mismatch with interrogator output differently (Instant Elimination Mode).
In this mode, the non-matching tag will set its own ID_FLAG in
addition to going to sleep. The triple here (data '1') forces a '1'
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxv

ISO/IEC 18000-6
5. Tag 1 does not have a '1' in next bit (bit2), tag 1 tag 2 tag 3
so it goes to sleep and sets its own ID_FLAG. 1000 0100 1101
ID
6. Reader sends a double (data '0') no response

to 'force' a '0'. Tag 3 has a '0' in bit 1;
it doesn't respond, and stays awake. Reader tag 1 tag 2 tag 3
1000 0100 1101
then sends Set ID_FLAG command.
ID
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
7. Tag 3 responds. ID
Interrogator issues a single pulse to signal the
tag that Instant Elimination Mode has ended. The tags revert to their
normal multi-read behavior.
no response
8. Tag 3 has a '1' in bit 0, so it
stays awake. Interrogator responds tag 1 tag 2 tag 3
with a '1', tag 3 sets its 1000 0100 1101
own ID_FLAG ID ID
xxvi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID ID
PRE
9. Interrogator sets PRE_SEL_FLAG
Single-bit Read
Parity bit
tag 1 tag 3
tag 2 1101
1000
0100 ID
ID
PRE
10. Interrogator issues Wake, Read ID_FLAG,

Sleep if Set command
Reply is mixed (some '0's, some '1's), so operation
must continue.
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID ID
PRE
11. All tags with ID_FLAG set are now asleep.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxvii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID ID
PRE
12. Interrogator issues Multi-Tag-Read command.

Tag 2 has a '0' in its leftmost bit,
so it doesn't respond and stays awake
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
ID ID
PRE
13. Interrogator sends a data '0'.

Tag 2 responds because it has a '1' in bit 2.
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3
1000 0100 1101
ID ID
PRE
14. Interrogator sends a single pulse

to enter Instant Eliminatioin Mode. It then sends a '1' because
we are forcing a '1' in bit 2.
no response
tag 3
15. Interrogator forces a data '0' in bit 1. tag 1 tag 2
1101
Tag doesn't respond, stays awake. 1000 0100 ID
ID PRE
xxviii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
no response
tag 1 tag 2 tag 3

1000 0100 1101
16 ID ID ID
PRE
16. This is the end of the select field, so Interrogator issues a single pulse to exit Instant Elimination Mode. It
then sends a zero (because there was no tag response).
Tag 2 doesn't respond, and stays awake. Interrogator sends a '0' to complete the
multi-tag-read. The ID_FLAG of tag 2 is then set by the reader.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxix

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.6.1 Two-word response: word 1, bits (5 down to 2)
tag response
Command
Command Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1

Separator begin select field
Parity Bit Bit 31 Bit 30 Bit 6 Bit 5
Heavy line: instant elimination mode

tag response
Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1

end select field
Bit 4 bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 2

Separator
CRC bit 7 CRC bit 0 Data Parity Bit 31
Word 2 Word 2 Word 2 First Bit of

Bit 30 Data Parity End Next Command
Two-word response, select field for

instant elimination = first word bits(5 down to 2)
xxx © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.6.2 Two-word response: word 1, bits (2 down to 0), word 2 bits (31 down to 30)
Command

instant elimination mode always Heavy line: instant elimination mode

tag response
ends after data bit 0
tag response
Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 2

Bit 1 Bit 0 CRC bit 7 CRC bit 0 Data Parity Bit 31
data mismatch in this region puts tag to sleep. ID_FLAG will not be set in this case.
tag response
Word 2 Word 2 Word 2 Word 2 First Bit of

end select field
Bit 30 Bit 29 Data Parity MTR End Next Command

instant elimination = first word, bits(2 down to 0) +
second word, bits (31 down to 30)
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxxi

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.6.3 Two-word response: word 1, bits (2 down to
tag response

tag response tag response
Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 1 Word 2

Separator
Bit 1 Bit 0 CRC bit 7 CRC bit 0 Data Parity Bit 31
tag response
Word 2 Word 2 Word 2 First Bit of

Bit 30 Data Parity End Next Command

instant elimination = first word bits(2 down to 0)
xxxii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.7 Example of Class Sortation on a 128-bit field
Following is an example showing how to use this command set to avoid having to read an entire 128-bit
identity field for every tag in the RF field. The application in this case has chosen to put the identity field in
words 3,4,5 and 6 (128/32 = 4 32-bit words). The example uses three different identity types of tags. For this
example there are 3 tags in each group.
Group A has an identity field of 0x11111111111111111111111111111111 starting in address 3.
Group B has 0x22222222222222222222222222222222 starting in address 3.
Group C uses 0x33333333333333333333333333333333, also in address 3.
Every single tag in the field has a unique factory-written serial number in words 0 and 1.
The group A tags have 0x0000000100000001, 0x0000000200000002, 0x0000000300000003.
The group B tags have 0x0000000400000004, 0x0000000500000005, 0x0000000600000006.
The group C tags have 0x0000000700000007, 0x0000000800000008, 0x0000000900000009.
The data that are wanted reside in address 13 of the group A tags and address 14 of the group B
tags. The data in group C tags are unwanted.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxxiii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Table 10- 1 Class Sortation on a 128- bit field-- Group A

Group A Group A Group A
A Contents A Contents A Contents

d d d
d d d
r r r
0 0x00000001 0 0x00000002 0 0x00000003
1 0x00000001 1 0x00000002 1 0x00000003
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -
3 0x11111111 3 0x11111111 3 0x11111111
4 0x11111111 4 0x11111111 4 0x11111111
5 0x11111111 5 0x11111111 5 0x11111111
6 0x11111111 6 0x11111111 6 0x11111111
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -
1 wanted 1 wanted 1 wanted

3 3 3
1 unwanted 1 unwanted 1 unwanted

4 4 4
Table 10- 2 Class Sortation on a 128-bit field-- Group B

Group B Group B Group B

d d d
d d d
r r r
0 0x00000004 0 0x00000005 0 0x00000006
1 0x00000004 1 0x00000005 1 0x00000006
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -
3 0x22222222 3 0x22222222 3 0x22222222
4 0x22222222 4 0x22222222 4 0x22222222
xxxiv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
5 0x22222222 5 0x22222222 5 0x22222222
6 0x22222222 6 0x22222222 6 0x22222222
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -

3 3 3
1 wanted 1 wanted 1 wanted

4 4 4
Table 10- 3 Class Sortation on a 128-bit field-- Group C

Group C Group C Group C

d d d
d d d
r r r
0 0x00000007 0 0x00000008 0 0x00000009
1 0x00000007 1 0x00000008 1 0x00000009
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -
3 0x33333333 3 0x33333333 3 0x33333333
4 0x33333333 4 0x33333333 4 0x33333333
5 0x33333333 5 0x33333333 5 0x33333333
6 0x33333333 6 0x33333333 6 0x33333333
-- -------------- -- -------------- -- --------------

-- -- --
-- -- --
- - -

3 3 3

4 4 4
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxxv

ISO/IEC 18000-6
xxxvi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
128-bit ID example
Start
Wake, Read ID_FLAG, Sleep if Set

(ref 2)
No are any
ID_FLAGS
zero?
Yes
Start Multi-Tag-Read
Address = 3
(ref 3)
Address 3
data = 0x33333333
continue
Address 4
data = 0x33333333
continue
Address 5
data = 0x33333333
continue
Address 6
data = 0x33333333
128-bit ID = 0x33333333333333333333333333333333
This prevents all tags still awake

Set ID_FLAG (Ref 12)
(the group C tags) from further participation.
Host is ignoring this

group of tags (group C)
Wake, Read ID_FLAG,

Sleep if Set
(ref 2)
No are any
ID_FLAGS
zero?
Yes
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxxvii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Address = 3
(ref 3)
Address 3
data = 0x22222222
continue
Address 4
data = 0x22222222
continue
Address 5
data = 0x22222222
continue
Address 6
data = 0x22222222
128-bit ID = 0x22222222222222222222222222222222
Set PRE_SEL_FLAG
(ref 14)
xxxviii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Host wants word 14 of

2 these (group B) tags.
All group B tags are awake,
other groups are asleep.
Read PRE_SEL_FLAG,
Sleep if Clear (ref 18)
are any No
PRE_SEL_FLAGs
set?
Yes
Now reader isolates
each group B tag in turn
at Address 0 (ref 4)
Address 0
pass 1: data = 0x00000006
pass 2: data = 0x00000005
pass 3: data = 0x00000004
continue
Address 1
pass 1: data = 0x00000006, Unique ID = 0x0000000600000006
Host wants the data in address 14
Address = 14
(ref 3)
word 14 is passed to host
Wake, Read ID_FLAG,

Sleep if Set
(ref 2)
Yes are any

ID_FLAGS
zero?
No
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xxxix

ISO/IEC 18000-6
3
Standard Wake
(ref 1)
Clear PRE_SELECT_FLAG
(ref 15)
Sleep if ID_FLAG is set

(ref 8)
Address = 3
(ref 3)
Address 3
data = 0x11111111
continue
Address 4
data = 0x11111111
continue
Address 5
data = 0x11111111
continue
Address 6
data = 0x11111111
128-bit ID = 0x11111111111111111111111111111111
Set PRE_SEL_FLAG
(ref 14)
xl © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Host wants word 13 of

4 these (group A) tags.
All group A tags are awake,
other groups are asleep.
Read PRE_SEL_FLAG,
Sleep if Clear (ref 18)
are any No
PRE_SEL_FLAGs
set?
Yes
Now host isolates
each group A tag in turn
at address 0 Address 0
(ref 4)
pass 1: data = 0x00000003

pass 2: data = 0x00000002
pass 3: data = 0x00000001
continue Address 2

Address = 13 Host wants the data in address 13
(ref 3)
word 13 is passed to host
Wake, Read ID_FLAG,

Sleep if Set
(ref 2)
Yes
are any
ID_FLAGS
zero?
No
END
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xli

ISO/IEC 18000-6
10.8 Write @ Address Pointer
command
command Bit 0 command Bit 1 command Bit 5 data bit 0 data bit 1
parity bit
Write (command portion) Write (data portion)
data bit 30 data bit 31 data CRC bit 32 data CRC bit 33 data CRC bit 39 data parity bit
Write (data portion), continued
20 mS delay
2-frame period delay

tag response in this frame:tag response in this frame:
VDD OK throughout write VDD was insufficient for write
Write to @Address Pointer
xlii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
11 Signal Specification
The purpose of this clause is to specify the parameters of an RFID tag. The timing of the tag
(envelope of the RF signal) described in Figure 11- 1 illustrates a transmitted pulse and the
reflected pulse. Timing parameters are specified in
Tin_width Tin_gap
Tml
Vin_drop Tml_width
Reflected
Transmitted
Table 11-1 and Table 11-2.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xliii

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Figure 11- 1 Interrogator-to-tag modulation waveform
Tin_width Tin_gap
Tml
Vin_drop Tml_width
Reflected
Transmitted
Table 11- 1 Transmit Specifications
Specification Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions
Vin_drop 2.5 3.0 100 % (Vmax-Vmin)/Vmax
Tin_gap 0.2 0.2 2.0 µsec
Tin_width .38 .4 .42 µsec
Tml 1st
Tml 2nd
Tml 3rd
Reflected
Transmitted
xliv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 18000-6
Table 11- 2 Backscatter Specifications
Vin_drop=3%, T=-30 to +100 o C

Specification Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions
Tml - 1st pulse* 6.4 8 9.6 µs
- 2nd pulse* 14.4 18 21.6 µs
- 3rd pulse* 38.4 48 57.6 µs
Tml_width 0.8 1 1.2 µs
Tml_fall -- 2 5 ns
Tml_rise -- 2 5 ns
• As specified in Table 11-2, the tag will respond with three pulses unless interrupted by a transmitted signal
from the reader. A signal from the reader following the tag’s first pulse but before the second pulse is to occur
nd rd
will cause the tag to not respond with the 2 and 3 return pulses. Likewise, a signal from the reader following
rd
the tag’s second pulse but before the third pulse is to occur will cause the tag to not respond with the 3 return
pulse.
© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xlv

ISO/IEC 18000-6
12 Summary
The attributes of the system are not always readily apparent based on the above-described technical
description. In an effort to better convey the advantages of the system, a summary is presented below:
• Assuming that transmission from the reader to the tag is mandatory for optimized system operation, it is
imperative to reduce the transmitted side band. To that end, the reduced modulation Sinusoidal profile offers
the least amount of side band spectrum.
• The short sets of reduced power transmission used to encode information from the reader to the tag
allows for easy implementation in both the reader and the tag. The silicon area of the RFID chip is minimized
as well as the power required to sense the incoming signal. In addition, since the power lapse to the tag is less
than 2 microseconds, the on-chip capacitance is minimized thus reducing chip area and cost.
• The return signal from the tag to the reader is easily distinguished from the transmit signal and is readily
detectable by the reader. Since the time at which the backscattered signal is known to occur, the reader can
screen all noise outside the prescribed “window”. Also, detection of either edge of the return signal is
acceptable negating the need to detect both edges with more expensive reader sensing techniques.
• Errors in the signals returned to the readers can be detected in real time through the CRC associated with
each individual word.
• The modulation technique allows for systems to be “synchronized” so that many readers can be operated
in close proximity. By having all readers in an area transmit at the same time, then waiting for tags to respond
before transmitting the subsequent bit, the readers will not interfere with each other.
• The communication protocol along with the extensive command structure allows for a very flexible system
capable of meeting the various customer requirements. Reads of individual words or blocks, class sorts, tag
identification, and many other capabilities are all possible but not at the expense of degrading system
performance.
• The multi read technique allows for reading any number of tags in the field. It is the only algorithm that is
not probabilistic and results in the total time to read multiple tags to vary linearly with the number of tags. In
addition, the technique by its nature does not suffer from tags entering and exiting the field.
• The multi read technique also allows for class sorting “on the fly”. A specific code identifier placed in any
section of the memory can be used to direct the reader in searching for specific classes. Again, all is under
software control.
• The air interface allows for codes beyond binary to be transmitted. This allows for a more efficient method
(shorter amount of time) of transmitting information.
xlvi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

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© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

Reference number of working document: ISO/IEC SC 31/SG 0 N 000

Committee identification: ISO/IEC SC31/WG4

Information Technology AIDC Techniques-RFID for Item Management —

Document type: International standard

G:\等待處理資料\RFID_ISO_18000-6_SCS.doc Basic template BASICEN2 1999-02-12

Violators may be prosecuted.

© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved iii

9.6 Erase ................................................................................................................................................ 12

Figure 1-1 Reader to tag communication.....................................................................x

Table 1 -1 System Characteristics .................................................................................vi

iv © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

 Part 2 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications below 135 Khz.

 Part 3 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 Mhz.

 Part 4 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 2.45 Ghz.

 Part 5 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 5.8 Ghz.

 Part 6 -- Parameters for Air Interface Communications at UHF.

— the relationship of the standard to other standards or other documents;

© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved v

Table 1-1 System Characteristics

vi © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

Parameter Required Specification

Item Parameter Value

F 1d Frequency Hop Rate Region 1: n/a Use fixed frequency or AFA.

© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved vii

Item Parameter Value

F 4a Interrogator Transmit Region 1: In accordance with ETSI EN300 220-1

F 5b Receive to Transmit The turnaround time will be greater than 1 usec.

F7 Data Coding Multiple Pulse Modulation

viii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

Item Parameter VALUE

R 5a Receive-Transmit The tag response will occur no earlier than 8 microseconds

© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved ix

Frame "0" "1"

Figure 1-1 Reader to tag communication

x © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

The following figure illustrates tag to reader communication.

Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

Figure 1-2 Tag to reader communication

© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved xi

xii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

Introductory element — Main element — Part n: Part title

A clause is the basic component in the subdivision of the content of a standard.

A paragraph is an unnumbered subdivision of a clause or subclause.

ISO ab-c:199x, General title of series of parts — Part c: Title of part.

ISO xyz (all parts), General title of the series of parts.

The normative reference list is introduced by a standard wording.

The list shall not include the following:

— documents that are not publicly available;

— documents to which only informative reference is made;

Such documents may be listed in a bibliography.

Normative references shall be either dated (i.e. to a specific edition) or undated.

b) for informative references.

4 Terms and definitions

ii © ISO 1999 – All rights reserved

5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)

— Greek letters following Latin letters (Z, z, Α, α, Β, β … Λ, λ, etc.);

— any other special symbols.

6.1. Command Set

Table 6-1 Command Summary

1 0x01 G 000001 0 Standard Wake_up * 0 none

2 0x02 G 000010 0 Wake_up, Read ID_FLAG, sleep if set * 0 none

3 0x22 100010 1 Start Multi-Tag Read 2/16-bit addr. 8