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4. Obtain the transfer function X(S) / F(S) the mechanical system shown in fig
below
..
0=Mx Bx Kx K1( x y ) Ms 2 Bs K K1 X (s ) K1Y (s )
F (s )
F (t ) K1( y x ) Y (s ) x(s )
K1
F (s )
Ms 2 Bs K K1 X (s ) K1 x (s )
K1
X (s ) 1
F (s ) Ms Bs K
2
Moving a
summing
point
ahead of a
block
The control system in which the output quantity has no effect upon the input
quantity is called open loop control system. This means that the output is not
feedback to the input for correction.
The control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so
as to maintain the desired output value is called closed loop control system.
15. Illustrate with a neat sketch the control of an automobile by the driver and
identify the components of this closed loop control system?
The actual speed is measured by the speedometer and indicated on its deal. The
driver reads the speed visually and compares the actual speed with the desired
one mentally. If there is a deviation of speed, the driver takes the decision to
increase (or) decrease the speed and executed by change in pressure on the
accelerator pedal.
The overall gain of closed loop system can be determined by mason’s gain formula
1
T PK K
K
Where, T → overall (or) closed loop gain
PK → Path gain of Kth forward path
∆ → determinant of the graph.
∆ = 1- (sum of all individual loop gains) + (sum of gain products of all possible
combinations of two non – touching loops) – (sum of gain products of all possible
combinations of 3 non – touching loop)
(ie.) 1 (L1 L2 ........) (L12 L22 ........) (L13 L23 ........)
∆ = The value of ‘∆’ for that part of graph not touching the Kth forward path
Coulomb friction force: The force of sliding friction between dry surfaces. The force is
substantially constant.
Viscous friction force: The force of friction between solid body and fluid medium.
Force is proportional to velocity.
Stiction: The force required to initiate motion between two contacting surfaces.
22. State the advantages of closed loop system over the open loop system.
i) Accurate
ii) The changes in output due to external disturbances are corrected automatically.
23. Write the force balance equation of ideal dashpot and ideal spring.
F (t ) k ( x1 x2 )
K Spring stiffness coefficient
Advantages :
Disadvantages:
Synchros are used to transmit torque over a long distance without a rigid mechanical
connection. They are used for operating gates in canals, fire control systems, in military
hardware, motion picture equipments for synchronizing movie cameras and sound
recording equipments.
mC p 1
RC where R C mC p
hA hA
Where
= torque
= a positive constant = negative of the slope of the torque-speed curve
= a positive constant = torque per unit control voltage at zero speed
= angular displacement
28.State the basic elements for modeling in translational and rotational systems.
Three basic elements of mechanical translational system:
Spring (elastic) element
Damper (frictional) element
Mass (inertia) element
Three basic elements of mechanical rotational system:
Inertia element, spring and friction element.
29. What is the difference between AC servo motor and 2 phase induction motor?
AC servo motor is low power motor while 2 phase induction motor is high power motor.
The AC servo motor has small X/R ratio hence speed torque characteristic is linear
while the 2 phase induction motor has large X/R ratio hence the speed torque
characteristic is non linear.