VERTICAL SHAFT IMPACTOR (VSI)

CRUSHER

DEVINA DIANMAHENDRA
11160980000010
VERTICAL SHAFT IMPACTOR ( VSI) CRUSHER

• Working principle of vertical shaft impactor is totally different than horizontal shaft impactor. It has
a high speed rotor with wearing resistant tips and main chamber (crushing chamber) is designed in
such a way so that speed rotor throw the rocks against the high crushing chamber. In vertical shaft
impactor crusher predominant force is the velocity of speed rotor.

Vertical shaft impactor Crusher | types of Impact Crusher |

Speed rotor

• Rock from ores has an irregular uneven shape. If crushers that used pressure force is used then it
results in unpredictable and even more uneven, jagged shape particles. Therefore, use of VSI crusher
results in more cubical and even shapes particles. This is so, because vertical shaft impactor crusher
utilizes the velocity force that is applied evenly to the surface and the mass of rock.
VSI DISADVANTAGES

There are some feed size limitations with a VSI because of the small feed area available in the
center of the rotor. Tramp material in the feed such as gloves, tools, etc. can cause problems with
imbalance. The high RPM and HP require careful balance maintenance such as replacing shoes on
both sides of the rotor at the same time. High wear part cost may be a problem for some hard
abrasive materials, but the VSI may still be the best option.
VSI APPLICATIONS
• Major limestone applications are for Superpave asphalt
aggregates, road base, gravel, sand and cement. Industrial
uses include: corundum, corundite, ferro silicon, glass,
refractories, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide and
zeolite. Mining applications include: bauxite, burnt
magnesite, iron ore, non-ferrous metal ore, perlite and
trona sulfate. VSIs are excellent for everything from
abrasive materials to waste and recycling applications.
MINERALS
A P L I C AT I O N INDUSTRIAL
1. Sand Stone A P P L I C AT I O N

2. Gravel 1. Quality Sand

3. Granite 2. Glass Silica

4. Silica Stone 3. Ceramics

5. Silt Stone 4. Iron Ore

6. Lime Stone 5. Cement Clinkers

7. Dolomite Flint 6. Abrasive

8. Basalt 7. Manganes Ore

9. Quartz Jasper
10. Quartzite
VSI CRUSHING METHOD
• The VSI is typically used after a primary or secondary crusher. This makes a VSI ideal for making sand and for making
coarse and medium aggregates for concrete/asphalt production.
• Feed size and characteristics will affect the application of a VSI. The feed size is limited by the opening in the center of
the rotor. Normally less than 5-inch material is desired, but very large VSIs can handle up to 12-inch feed. Another
feature that will affect application is moisture, which can make the feed sticky. Required production capacity is the final
limiting criteria. Large primary horizontal shaft impactors can output up to 1600 TPH and more. 1000 TPH is about
the maximum for a VSI because of the limiting motor size and the rising G-force of a high-speed rotor, which is
calculated by multiplying the radius times the square of the RPM.
• Shoe configurations are many: rock on rock, groups of rollers, special tip wear parts and many others. The metallurgy
of the shoes is also highly varied. Rotors can have three to six shoes. The number of shoes is typically governed by the
diameter of the rotor. The larger the diameter rotor, the more openings are possible. Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) mathematical models are utilized to simulate the flow and collision forces to reveal solutions for lower wear
cost, consistent final product, and higher energy efficiency.
• The material to be crushed is fed into the center of an open or closed rotor. The rotor rotates at high rpm,
accelerating the feed and throwing it with high energy into the crushing chamber. When the material hits the anvil ring
assembly, it shatters, and then the cubical shaped product falls through the opening between the rotor and the anvil
and down to the conveyor below.
• The rotor speed (feet per minute) controls final particle size. Speeding up the rotor will produce more fines, slowing it
down will produce fewer fines.
FEEDING METHODS
Center feed
• The typical VSI is fed, from above, into the center of its rotor. The material is then
flung across an open void to the crushing chamber. It then impacts the outer anvil
ring. This crushing action imparts very high energy to the material and is very
effective on most types of material. It gives a very uniform and consistent grade of
product.

Cascade feeding
In cascade feeding, material bypasses the rotor
and enters the crushing chamber from above. It’s
called cascade feeding because as material fills up
a large feed bowl, with an outer diameter larger
than the outer diameter of the rotor, it spills
over the side and falls into the crushing chamber
from above, bypassing the rotor. The effect of
increasing feed through cascade is similar to
slowing the rotor. Cascade feeding in amounts up
to 10 percent may have no effect on particle size
distribution or quality. The product gradation
curve and product shape will change, if an (Above:Vertical Shaft Impactor, No Cascade vs. With Cascade
Feed, Particle Size Distribution Chart)
increased amount of cascade feeding is used.
ROTOR AND ANVIL CONFIGURATIONS
• The VSI features multiple rotor/anvil configurations
for various applications. From open or enclosed
rotors to the tubular rotor, each machine is
configured for their unique application. In many
cases the rotor table, rotor assemblies, anvil ring
or rock shelf are interchangeable, allowing
maximum application flexibility.
Open top metal rotor shoe on metal anvil

The open top metal rotor is good for large feed or medium
to very hard material, but it will work best for softer
materials. It can handle medium abrasive, dry or wet, but not
sticky materials. High reduction ratios are common, which
are excellent for sand and gravel production in closed loop
systems. Shoe shape can change the production size range. A
straight shoe face design produces finer product, and a
curved shoe face design produces coarser material.
Tubular metal rotor shoe on metal anvil
The enclosed top plate on a rotor primarily prevents
material from escaping from the top of the rotor,
which could happen with an overfed open top rotor.

(Above: Rock shelf when VSI at rest. In operation, the brown rock fills the chamber to the upper roof ring. Rock
impacts rock in operation.)
Enclosed autogenous rock rotor table on autogenous rock shelf
• Any time the material or rock is used as an impact wear surface the term
autogenous is used. Putting a top on the rotor table and shoes allows
autogenous use. During operation of the VSI, a bed of material can be
designed to build up inside the rotor against each of the shoe wall segments.
The bed, which is made up of material that has been fed to the rotor, extends
to a wear tip. The bed protects the shoe wall segment from wear.
• Concerning the rock shelf anvil, it forms a near vertical wall of material upon
which the accelerated material impacts. “Rock-on-rock” crushing reduces
maintenance but can require up to 30 percent of material recirculation before
meeting size requirements. Also, the rock shelf anvil absorbs energy that could
otherwise be used for breaking, which may reduce efficiency. More RPM may
be needed to achieve the same result as a solid metal anvil.
• Good for medium abrasive materials, rock-on-rock configurations of either or
both rotor and anvil may produce consistent material with low-wear cost and
can handle wet but not sticky conditions. Reduction ratios from 2:1 to 5:1 can
be expected. It’s widely used for quarried materials, such as sand and gravel.
• Due to the many configurations of the VSI feed, rotor, anvil and open- or
closed- system design; testing is the only way to ensure proper application of
a VSI crusher.
V S I ( V E R T I C A L S H A F T I M PA C T O R )
PA R T
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://www.stedman-machine.com/vsi-primer-article.html
• http://www.engineeringintro.com/all-about-construction-equipments/impact-crushers/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiu2BkJxtT8