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This section deals with methods of determining voltage drops, in order to check that:
These voltage-drop limits refer to normal steady-state operating conditions and do not
apply at times of motor starting, simultaneous switching (by chance) of several loads,
etc. as mentioned in Chapter A Sub-clause 4.3 (factor of simultaneity, etc.). When
voltage drops exceed the values shown in Figure G25, larger cables (wires)
must be used to correct the condition.
The value of 8%, while permitted, can lead to problems for motor loads; for example:
Figure G27 below gives formulae commonly used to calculate voltage drop in a given
circuit per kilometre of length.
If:
Calculations may be avoided by using Figure G28 next page, which gives, with an
adequate approximation, the phase-to-phase voltage drop per km of cable per ampere,
in terms of:
• Kinds of circuit use: motor circuits with cos close to 0.8, or lighting with a
cos close to 1.
• Type of cable; single-phase or 3-phase
The column motor power “cos = 0.35” of Figure G28 may be used to compute the
voltage drop occurring during the start-up period of a motor (see example no. 1 after
the Figure G28).