APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS BIOVAM - LIPI TO PROMOTE PLANT

GROWTH OF JACKFRUIT

Sylvia J. R. Lekatompessy *, Liseu Nurjanah and Harmastini Sukiman

Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,
Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong-Bogor 16911, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: sylviajrl@yahoo.com

Abstract
Applications of biofertilizer products (BIOVAM - LIPI) is one activity biovillage
program - LIPI to promote plant growth of jackfruit. The research shows that the
application of biofertilizer BIOVAM significantly different at plant height and diameter
compared to the control. Back to nature, to harness the potential of soil microbes as
biofertilizer. The fact that happened people prefer to use chemical fertilizers. Because the
effect of the use of biofertilizers slow even though the price of expensive chemical
fertilizers. While the use of biofertilizers can preserve the environment and produce
organic products are safe. Exploiting the potential of soil microbes as biofertilizer with
simple technologies that easily made and applied by farmers. But this is also not an easy
thing, to change the mindset of farmers in using biofertilizers BIOVAM. Farmers prefer
chemical fertilizers because it feels better than the biofertilizer without any further
consideration of the impact on the environment.Utilization of environmentally friendly
biofertilizer is expected to compete with chemical fertilizers. The result is more secure or
organic products. The purpose of the activity biovillage is to compare the use of
biofertilizers BIOVAM with control (without biofertilizer), reducing the use of chemical
fertilizer and produces healthy food. Jackfruit plant chosen was one of the models of
tropical forest plants and plant jackfruit already widely known by the public. Jackfruit
plants also have the potential in which the fruit and seeds of the plant are edible jackfruit,
wood of the plant can be used, and so on. The results of the use of biofertilizers on crops
jackfruit showed biofertilizer can be more to support jackfruit plant growth. Through the
program biovillage, jackfruit plant seedlings will be given the first use of biofertilizers
BIOVAM started from seed. Utilization of biofertilizers for forest plants can help in
reforestation and forest development program undertaken by the municipality in dealing
with geothermal. Expected from biovillage program with simple technologies that utilize
the potential of microbes can be useful for creating environmentally friendly

Keywords: biofertilizer; potential microbiol; organic food

Introduction
Agricultural development is supported by biotechnological advances that enable researchers to
develop biofertilizer with microbial content such as fertilizer with mycorrhizae content. It improves
and maintains soil quality while it also enhances crop growth and productivity.
According to Irianto (2009) and Turjaman (2013) giving the biofertilizer to seedling is capable
to support plant growth. Sukiman (2012), add to CO2 uptake provides information that plants with
treated inoculation soil fungi mycorrhizae are able to absorb up to 747.72 tons per hectare while that
plants without treated with mycorrhizae is 639.35 tons per hectare. Specifically, the data for these
types of African wood plants, with other crops, CO2 uptake given with biofertilizer treatment -
mycorrhizae can reduce elevated CO2.

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 Through the program biovillage, biofertilizers BIOVAM used to assist in the provision of
quality crop seedlings to resolve the problems faced at the national level, namely the lack of
availability of plant seedlings healthy needed to rehabilitate degraded land.
Plant of jackfruit, one of the models of tropical forest plant and has potential of wood where the
wood can be utilized, have a substance yellow dye contained in the plant that can be used as a coloring
material because it contains substances morine, while other fruits and seeds of jackfruit can be
consumed and roots of the plants of jackfruit can be used as a drug.
One of these plants was jackfruit, jackfruit plants included in the tropical forest plants and has
potential which can be exploited wood, yellow subtances contained in these plants is used as a
coloring material because it contains substances morine, these fruit can be consumed and roots of
plants can be used as medicine. Jackfruit plants are already known to many people and these plants
can also be planted by the community, in addition to exploiting the potential of jackfruit plant. Plants
also can assist people in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Jackfruit plant will store water in
the rainy season, and reservoirs during the summer.
Application of biofertilizers on crops is expected to help the reforestation program that maintain
the balance of the soil environment, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. In addition symbiosis that
occurs between plants and mycorrhizae can help absorb CO2. Jackfruit plants treated with biofertilizer
can assist in creating a friendly environment.
Critical land is environmental condition which plant is not getting enough water and nutrients
duet to its soil physical condition is unable infiltration process of rainwater, high salt content causing
plasmolysis and poisoning plants with toxic heavy metals (Subiksa, 2002).
Utilization of biofertilizer with beneficial soil microbe content can promote growth, yield and
quality of crops until 10-100% or more. Beneficial soil microbes can suppress the growth pathogenic
organims living in the root area and increase the tolerance of plant roots against poisoning dangers of
various heavy metals (Rohyadi et al., 2004). Setiadi (2004) mentions the use of biofertilizers with
mycorrhizae significantly increase growth and quality of forest trees vegetation at mined and critical
land. Therefore, mycorrhizae application in the revitalization of soil ecosystem is one of the solutions
to accelerate the development of environmentally friendly farming in Indonesia.
Mycorrhizae living in symbiosis with plant roots. BIOVAM biofertilizer is expected to
stimulate the growth of crop seeds, increasing the surface area of roots for nutrients and moisture
absorption, improve the durability of water stress. Utilization BIOVAM can support sustainable
agriculture programs. In connection with the Program biovillage, rural communities in remote areas
can use the seeds of plants that have been applied to BIOVAM biofertilizer to help reforestation and
rehabilitation of degraded land.

Materials and Methods

This research was conducted using biofertilizers BIOVAM and repeated three times. Treatment
of this study are: mycorrhizae fungi (BIOVAM) and without mycorrhizae fungi. Implementation of
the experiment begins with the preparation of the soil to be used for growing media, among others,
take of the soil, removal of garbage or dirt organic and inorganic. The soil media put in to a polybag.
For treatment with biofertilizer, seed planted and given biofertilizer ± 2 gr
Plant seeds that will be used seeds of selected were healthy, well, is not damaged and not carry
disease from seed. Seeds are ready to be planted and labeled in accordance with the treatment.
treatment without giving BIOVAM labeled: KO and treatment with biofertilizers labeled: BIOVAM.
Observations of research do every month. Parameters measured were plant height and diameter, to see
the effect of treatments using biofertilizers on crops.
Parameters
Parameters measured were plant height, diameter, and then to analyze the effectiveness of
inoculants of Biofertilizer BIOVAM, among others, can be seen from the growth of plants through
indicators morphology, one of the analysis by using the formula: Relative Field Mycorrhizae
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Dependency (RFMD). Relative Field Mycorrhizae Dependency (RFMD) response or plant growth
because mycorrhizae (TPAM) or response from the growth of mycorrhizae (MGR), so in this study
using one of the variables (plant height) were observed. mycorrhizae relationship with plants can be
explained by the dependence on mycorrhizae plants, based on the results of the analysis by using the
formula RFMD. (Munyanziza et al, 1997;. Brundrett,1999)

Cm = crop yield using of mycorrhizae

Cm - Cnm Cnm = crop yield without mycorrhizae
RFMD = Note :
X 100%
Results can be either component of growth and yield
Cm components

Results and Discussion

Based on the results of observation in Figure 1 Shows of the plants were treated with
biofertilizer BIOVAM significantly different compared with the untreated plants biofertilizers
BIOVAM. The parameters observed were plant height. Based on these results the effect of
mycorrhizae BIOVAM can help support the growth of jackfruit plants. According Sastrahidayat and
Rochdjatun (2011) that increased metabolism and photosynthesis of plants will be accompanied by
increase in plant growth and development, such as plant height, therefore, the provision of
mycorrhizae effective in optimizing plant growth and development due to the symbiosis between
mycorrhizae and plants can maintain the balance of the plant physiological processes.
In Figure 2 Shows observation of diameter, the more significant. Plants were given a
biofertilizer BIOVAM has a larger diameter than plants untreated biofertilizer BIOVAM. According to
Haris (2005) mycorrhizae benefits include: growth plants for the better so that the results are so much
more. It is because mycorrhizae can improve nutrient absorption area by external mycelium.
Figure 3 The effectiveness of the symbiosis that occurs between plants jackfruit with
BIOVAM. Plants applied BIOVAM biofertilizer, plant growth percent higher than the control plants.
It is because BIOVAM plant growth. According to Marx (2004), Mycorrhizae is a form mutualistic
association between high levels of plant roots with mycorrhizae fungi from the soil. Host plants
acquire a variety of nutrients, water, biological protection and others, while soil fungi / mycorrhizae
get fotosintat as a carbon source. This mutualistic association is an interaction between host plants,
soil fungi and soil factors. Mycorrhizae can associate approximately 80-90% of plant propagation over
the North Pole to the tropics and from the desert to the forest.
The effectiveness of the symbiosis that occurs between plants jackfruit with BIOVAM given
biofertilizer showed higher treatment plant with a biofertilizer grows faster when compared with
control plants. According to Marx (2004), Mycorrhizae is a form mutualistic association between high
levels of plant roots with mycorrhizae fungi from the soil. Host plants acquire a variety of nutrients,
water, biological protection and others, while soil fungi/mycorrhizae get fotosintat as a carbon source.
This mutualistic association is an interaction between host plants, soil fungi and soil factors.
Mycorrhizae can associate approximately 80-90% of the crop spread over the Arctic to the tropics and
from the desert to the forest.
RFMD shows plants and mycorrhizae relationships are depicted with the plant's dependence on
mycorrhizae fungi can reach RFMD about: 168.14.Very high dependence on mycorrhizae plants
because the plants need nutrients and water to support plant growth. According to Suri et al., 2011 that
mycorrhizae produces oxalic acid and complexation constants phosphatase enzyme and have a high
Ca, Fe, Al and dissolving element P. Mycorrhizae but it can increase the absorption of P and N,
micronutrients, especially Zn and Cu. Nurhandayani et al. (2013), that mycorrhizae is able to be an
intermediary uptake and nutrient supply.

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Figures and tables

100 BIOVAM
80 CONTROL

Heigth of palnt
60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Age of plant (months)

Figure 1. Effect of biofertilizer BIOVAM application on height of 9-10 months jackfruit plant.

1.2 BIOVAM CONTROL

1
Diametrer of palnt

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
9
Age of plant (months)
Figure 2. Effect of biofertilizer BIOVAM application on diameter of 9 and 10 months- jackfruit
seedling

100 VAM KO
Percentage of seedling growth

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Age of plant (months)

Figure 3. Percentage growth of jackfruit seedling

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Table 1. Effectiveness of BIOVAM the jackfruit plants seen from symbiosis capacity, symbiosis
effectiveness and relatif field mycorrhizae depedency.
symbiosis relatif field mycorrhizae
Treatment plant
effectiveness (SE) depedency" (RFMD)
Jackfruit 120,42 168,14

Conclusion
The role of soil microbes mycorhizae fungi - BIOVAM help the jackfruit plant in acquiring
nutrients and water with the help of hyphae so as to increase the surface area of roots, helps stimulate
the growth of seedlings and help shorten growth to be faster, increase drought resistance and diseases
that attack plant roots, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers BIOVAM only
performed one time only.

Acknowledgment
Thanks to the program biovillage in providing funding activities. Thanks also to Team MST Lab
and field workers who have helped.

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