CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS
 GENERAL HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES
 A) FIRE ACCIDENTS
 B) MECHANICAL
 C) ELECTRICAL
 D) CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTION
 E) DUST EXPLOSION

 IMAGE FOR UNDERSTANDING BETTER

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
 CONCULUSION
 REFRENCES.
 INTRODUCTION
HAXARD is a situation the posses a leval of threat to
life, Health, property or enviroment
INDUSTRIAL HAZARD may be defined as any
condtion produced by industries that may cause
injury or death to personnel or loss of product or
propety.
SAFETY in simple terms means freedom from the
occurrence of risk or injury or loss
INDUSRTIAL SAFETY refers to the protection of
workers from the danger of industrial accidents.
WHAT ARE INDUSTRRIAL HAZARDS?
 Physical -Noise,Vibration,Heat,Cold,Pressure,
Rediation, Fibres….
 Chemical – Flammable/Explosive Meterials,
Toxics, Senstising agents.
 Biological – Dust, Pathogens
 Psyhological – Work place practices & system,
Payment system
 GENERAL HAZARD IN INDUSTRIES
 FIRE HAZARDS
 MECHANICAL HAZARDS
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 PHARMACEUTICAL HAZARDS
 RADIATION HAZARDS
 DUST EXPLOSION
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 Chemical hazards are:
Toxic
Corrosive
Irritant
Carcinogenic
Flammable
Mutagenic

 Chemical reaction may get out of control due

to:
Wrong raw materials
Raw materials with impurities
Changed operating condition
Time delay
Equipment failure

 SOURCE OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

1.Solvents used in extraction plants,purification of
syuthetic dragus and in chemical analysis may
prouduce vapors.
This vapors or gases may produce:
Breathing problem and suffocation to worker.
Imitation or burn to eye or skin of the worker.
Explosion in the work place.
General anaesthesia or death e.g. chloroform
and ether vapor.
2. Liquid chemicals if spilled on workers may
produce
Dehydration by strong dehydrating agents e.g.
concentrated sulfuric acid.
Burning by strong acid or alkalis.
Oxidation by strong oxidizing agents.
3. Dusts of chemicals produced from different
equipment may produce
Dermatitis or dust allegies to the workers.
Skin and eye imitations.
Resistance to certain antibiotics e.g. resistant to
chloroform if the same worker is exposed to it
regularly.
 Same dusts may be carcinogenic (producing
cancers)
SAFETY MEASURES
Before starting work with a chemical a
“chemical hazard pocket guide” should be
consulted for necessary information about the
chemical. It will give the type of recation the
chemical may produce, its inflammability,
carcinogenicity, prevention and treament
procedures etc.
No eating, drinking, or smoking where chemical
are used.
Skin should be covered with protective clothing.
Clothing should be removed immediately it gets
wet or contaminated with a chemical.
Eyes or skins should be washed plenty of water
after an accident.
Face mask may be used in toxic dust or gases.
Workers working in antibiotic related products
must be changed routinely so that an individual
is not exposed to a certain antibiotic for a long
period of time.
Whenever a dust allergy or respiratory problem
precipiutates the worker should immediately be
removed from the work place and put under
proper healthcare.

BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY

 Bhopal gas tragedy, considered as one of the
world’s worst industrial chemical hazard
 It occurred on the night of Dec 2-3,1984 at
union carbide INDIA limited pesticid plant in
BHOPAL
 Water enterd Tank 610 contaning 42 tons of MIC.
The resulting EXOTHERMIC REACTION increased
the temperature inside the tank to over 200
^C(392 ^F) and raised the pressure. About 30
metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) escaped
from the into the atmosphere in 45 to 65
minutes.
 A leak of methyl isocyanate gas causes 8000
deaths, 5,58,125 injuries.
 Effects of chemical on exposure
 SKIN BURN
 ACHE
 ANTHRAX
 ULCER IN HAND, NOSE Etc
 CANCER
 IRRITATION ON WIND PIPE

Many chemicals can cause severe burns, if they

come in contact with living tissue.
Living tissue may be destroyed by following
chemical reactions:
 Dehydration by dtrong dehydrating
agents
 Digestion by strong acids and bases
 Oxidation by strong oxidisting agents
 SOME CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND HAZARD
CAUSING CHEMICALS
ORGAN SYMPTOMS CHEMICALS
EYES Corneal and Sulphur
Conjunctival dioxide,
Disturbances hydroge
Sulphide
NERVOUS Drowsiness CNS
SYSTEM depressants
MOUTH AND Green tongue Vanadium
THROAT Salivation Mercury

Additives Health effects

Azo dyes Bladder Cancer
Benzens Leukemia
Caustic Soda Blindess & respiratory
damage
Zinc salts Skin & eye damage
Chlorine ions Lung and Skin damage
lead Lead poisoning