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Study on the effect of crystal structures of thin TiO2 films on corrosion

resistance of bronze parts using the Spray Ultrasonic Pyrolysis

H.A Mejía-Ayala1*, E. Hernández-Rodríguez1, A. Balvantín1, M Zapata-Torres2, C. Santos-Hernández3


1 MechanicalEngineering Department, DICIS, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca, Gto., México.
2 Functional Meterials Laboratory, CICATA-IPN Legaria, México City, México.
3 Higher Technological Institute of Tantoyuca, ITSTA,. Deviation Lindero Tametate S / N, La Morita, 92100 Tantoyuca,

Ver. Mex.
*ha.mejiaayala@ugto.mx.
ABSTRACT RESULTS
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most important pigment used in the coatings industry. It is widely
used because it efficiently scatters visible light, there by imparting whiteness, brightness and
opacity when incorporated into a coating. Titanium dioxide is commercially available in two
crystal structures, anatase and rutile. Here, we propose the implementation of thin TiO2 films as a
protective coating to control the corrosion resistance of bronze parts. Thin films of TiO2 were
deposited on bronze substrates using the Spray Ultrasonic Pyrolysis (SUP) technique. Corrosion
experiments were conducted by using a saline solution according to ASTM D1141-98.

INTRODUCTION
Usually, bronze has a wide variety of uses in engineering, ranging from flexible pumps and,
bushings, to boat propellers and turbine impellers [1]. Bronze is used in most industrial
processes found in corrosive environments, however, the good performance of bronze in Figure 1. XRD Bronze C84400. Fig. 2. Average Hardness Virgin Samples.
corrosive environments is deficient when it is in saline environments. In previous works
such as Li et al [2] ] and Córdoba et al [3] it is demonstrated that the coating by thin films of
oxides is effective to reduce these corrosive processes in various materials. The Spray Bronze V V2
Ultrasonic Pyrolysis technique, unlike many other coating preparation techniques,
represents a simple and cost-effective processing method [4-5]. Application of this type a
surface coating seems as the most adequate and low-cost alternative
1H 2.5H 3H
V2 1H 2H 3H
METHODOLOGY
Preparation of Samples
• Bronze UNS C84400 samples
• Turning of samples
Fig. 3. Electrochemical characterization virgin and TiO2 Fig. 4. Cross-sectional Analysis of Samples.
• Surface finish with sandpaper coatings samples.

TiO2 coatings deposited by SUP


Sample Icorr [nA] Vcorr [mV] µhardness [HV]
• 2.4 kW Programmable DC Power Supply V1 262,17 -133,757 78,775
• 400,450,500 temperatures targets V2 271,79 -153,305 78,775
Anatase 1H 246,64 -120,018 82,813
• Ultrasonic nebulizer
Anatase 2H 120,79 -130,626 86,85
Anatase 3H 123,01 -119.604 92,025
Electrochemical characterization Rutile 2.5H 125,97 -162.133 92,6
• Saline solution ASTM D1141-98.
• Potentiostatic mode (3 electrode configuration)
Fig. 4. Tafel plots of virgin and TiO2 coatings Table I. Electrochemical parameters and
samples. average hardness.

CONCLUSIONS
It was possible to obtain TiO2 coatings by the Spray Ultrasonic Pyrolysis technique.
Both Vcorr and Icorr showed that coatings improve corrosion resistance. The surface
hardness of the bronze pieces increases its value between 4 and 16 percent. The
Experimental setup for corrosion tests
importance of the temperature in the SUP technique was proven in the performance
References: of the coatings against corrosion, finding significant differences depending on the
[1] E. Afshari and M. Ghambari, “Characterization of pre-alloyed tin bronze powder prepared by recycling
machining chips using jet milling,” Mater. Des., vol. 103, pp. 201–208, 2016. present crystalline phase of the TiO2. Lowest corrosion resistance is obtained for a
[2] J. Li et al., “Design, preparation, and durability of TiO2/SiO2and ZrO2/SiO2double-layer antireflective rutile phase, while superior corrosion resistance can be obtained for Anatase phase.
coatings in crystalline silicon solar modules,” Sol. Energy, vol. 89, pp. 134–142, 2013.
[3] L. C. Córdoba, M. F. Montemor, and T. Coradin, “Silane/TiO2coating to control the corrosion rate of Bronze pieces with a good performance corrosion resistance, and low cost can be
magnesium alloys in simulated body fluid,” Corros. Sci., vol. 104, pp. 152–161, 2016. obtained by an adequate control of time and temperature with the SPU technique.
[4] A. Gurav et al., “Aerosol Processing of Materials Aerosol Processing of Materials,” vol. 6826, no.
October, pp. 37–41, 2015.
[5] O. Milosevic, L. Mancic, M. E. Rabanal, L. S. Gomez, and K. Marinkovic, “Aerosol route in processing of Acknowledgements
nanostructured functional materials,” KONA Powder Part. J., vol. 27, no. 27, pp. 84–106, 2009.
Authors gratefully acknowledge to LICAMM-UG for support in characterization
equipment.
http: http://www.ingenierias.ugto.mx

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