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Procedia Computer Science 62 (2015) 352 – 359

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1877-0509 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of The 2015 International Conference on Soft Computing and Software Engineering
(SCSE 2015)
doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.415
Ghazal Riahi / Procedia Computer Science 62 (2015) 352 – 359 353

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