Kinematics Unit Goals

1.1 One Dimensional Kinematics Understand

- The way in which speed and velocity are calculated and the difference
1.1.0 Vectors and Scalars between them.
Know:
Be able to
- Which quantities are vectors and which are scalars.
- Calculate average speed/velocity given a distance/displacement and
time or two speeds/velocities.
Understand
- Interpret graphs of speed/velocity vs. time.
- The difference between vectors and scalars is that vectors have
- Determine average speed/velocity from a graph.
direction while scalars do not.
- Compare the speed of an object with its velocity.
- The way in which signs are used to show direction in the case of
- Compare the speed/velocity of two objects or two different trips for
vectors.
the same object.
Be able to
- Compare and contrast different vectors and scalars. ∆𝑣
- Explain the difference between a vector and a scalar. 1.1.1E Acceleration 𝑎= 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑡
Know:
- Definition of acceleration and equations involving acceleration.
1.1.1A-B Distance and Displacement
Know: Understand
- Definitions of distance and displacement. - That acceleration is a vector that describes how quickly speed and/or
velocity are changing.
Understand
- The way in which distances and displacements are counted and/or Be able to
calculated. - Calculate average acceleration given a change in speed and time.
- Interpret graphs of acceleration vs. time.
Be able to
- Determine distance traveled and/or displacement from a diagram.
1
- Interpret graphs of distance/displacement vs. time. 1.1.1F Kinematics Equations 𝑑 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑑
2
- Determine distance traveled and/or displacement from a graph.
Know:
- Compare and contrast distances with displacements for the same or
- All kinematics equations.
different trips.
Understand
- How to match givens with variables in equations (with proper signs).
𝑑 𝑣1 +𝑣2
1.1.1C-D Velocity and Speed 𝑣̅ = 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = Be able to
𝑡 2
Know: - Select equations based on givens
- Definitions of speed and velocity and equations for average - Properly substitute numbers into equations with correct signs.
speed/velocity. - Accurately calculate answers using algebra.
1.1.2 Freefall g = -9.81 m/s2
Know: 1.2 Two Dimensional Kinematics
- The definition of freefall.
1.2.0A-B Vectors 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝐴𝑌 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Understand Know:
- The behavior of objects in freefall. - Equations for vector components.
- The fact that mass has no effect on acceleration due to gravity.
- The way in which signs are used to show direction in the case of Understand
dropped or thrown objects. - The relationship between right triangles and vector components.

Be able to Be able to
- Determine signs for givens in freefall problems. - Determine the components of a vector.
- Select equations and substitute with correct signs. - Use a protractor and ruler to draw vectors to scale.
- Calculate distances, speeds, and/or times in freefall cases or in - Add vectors graphically.
situations where objects have been thrown upward or downward. - Add vectors algebraically.

1.1.3A-B One-Dimensional Kinematics Graphs

Know:
- The shapes of graphs that reflect direct, inverse, and polynomial 1.2.0 Two Dimensional Motion - Constant Velocity in Both Dimensions
relationships. Know:
- Time is the only common variable in two-dimensional motion systems.
Understand
- How graphs of distance/displacement; speed/velocity; and Understand
acceleration relate to one another in terms of slope and area under - How motion in two dimensions can be broken into two separate,
the graph. perpendicular problems.

Be able to Be able to
- Use d-t graphs to determine current position or distance traveled at a - Calculate distances or speeds in one dimension given the means to
specific time. determine time using a perpendicular dimension.
- Use d-t graphs to determine total distance and/or change in
displacement.
- Use d-t graphs to determine average speed (using slope).
- Use d-t graphs to determine whether or not acceleration has occurred
(curves).
- Use v-t graphs to determine instantaneous speed/velocity.
- Use v-t graphs to determine average speed/velocity or changes in
speed/velocity.
- Use v-t graphs to determine acceleration (using slope).
- Use v-t graphs to determine distance/displacement (using area under
the graph).
- Match d-t, v-t, and/or a-t graphs that describe the same motion.
1.2.1A-F Ground Launched Projectiles
Know:
- The definition of a ground-launched projectile.
- Vertical speed is 0 m/s when a projectile reaches its maximum height.
- The time to reach maximum height is half of the total flight time.
- A projectile should be fired at 45° for maximum horizontal range.
- Complementary launch angles give the same horizontal range.
- A projectile should be fired at 90° for maximum height.
- A projectile should be fired at 90° for maximum flight time.
- In the absence of air resistance, horizontal acceleration is 0 m/s 2.
Understand
- Projectile problems may be treated as two separate, horizontal and
vertical problems.
Be able to
- Determine horizontal and/or vertical components of initial velocity.
- Determine time to reach the top and/or total time of projectile flight.
- Determine the maximum height that a projectile will reach.
- Determine the maximum horizontal distance of travel for a projectile.
- Determine the launch angle for a projectile given its: initial velocity
and one component; or both components of its initial velocity.
- Determine which of a set of launch angles will give the greatest: time
of flight; horizontal range; and/or maximum height.
- Compare horizontal and vertical speeds and accelerations at different
points in a projectile’s path of travel.
1.2.1G-K Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Know:
- The definition of a horizontally-launched projectile.
- Vertical speed is 0 m/s when the projectile is launched.
- The time of travel is the same both horizontally and vertically.
- In the absence of air resistance, horizontal acceleration is 0 m/s 2.
- Objects launched from the same height will hit the ground at the same
time regardless of horizontal speed.
Understand
- Projectile problems may be treated as two separate, horizontal and
vertical problems.
Be able to
- Determine time to reach the ground and/or launch height.
- Determine horizontal distance of travel.
- Determine initial speed.
- Compare horizontal and vertical speeds and accelerations at different
points in a projectile’s path of travel.
- Compare flights of two objects launched with different horizontal
speeds.
.