BOILER Fuel system - includes all equipment used to

provide fuel to generate the necessary heat

boiler - an enclosed vessel that provides a
means for combustion and transfers heat to
water until it becomes hot water or steam.
Water - useful and cheap medium for
transferring heat to a process.
When water is boiled into steam its volume
increases about 1,600 times,
Liquid when heated up to the gaseous state this
process is called evaporation
The larger the heating surface a boiler has, the
more efficient it becomes.
Early models like the “Scotch Marine”
early boilers were fueled by coal or wood
Boiler systems are made up of:
1. Feed water system
2. Steam system
3. Fuel system
Feed water system - provides water to the
boiler and regulates it automatically to meet
the steam demand
The water supplied to boiler that is converted
to steam is called feed water
The sources of feed water:
1. Condensate or condensed steam
returned from the processes
2. Makeup water which is the raw
water which must come from outside
the boiler room and plant processes
Classification of boiler
1. high-pressure / low-pressure
2. steam boiler / hot water boiler
"high-pressure" boilers - boilers that operate
higher than 15 psig
hot water boiler- strictly speaking, is not a
boiler,it is a fuel-fired hot water heater
High temperature hot water boilers - hotwater
boilers that have temperatures above 250°
Fahrenheit or pressures higher than 160 psig
Low temperature hot water boiler - hotwater
boilers that have temperatures not exceeding
250° Fahrenheit or pressures not exceeding 160
psig
Type of steel boilers:
1. fire-tube
2. water-tube
In fire-tube boilers - combustion gases pass
through the inside of the tubes with water
surrounding the outside of the tubes
- used in facility heating applications
are often referred to as ''scotch'' or
''scotch marine'' boilers

Steam system - collects and controls the steam

produced in the boiler

Steam - directed through a piping system to the

point of use

Steam pressure - regulated using valves and

checked with steam pressure gauges.