NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA

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CEIDUNS

Student’s Name: MANRIQUE MENDOCILLA JERSON

Cycle: BASIC – INTENSIVE VI

Days / Timetable: TUES – THUR – SATUR / 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm

Teacher’s Name: ROXANA LAVADO CASTILLO

2018
 INDEX

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………...…...3Err
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2.Leonardo Da Vinci
Biography…………………………………………………...Error! Bookmark not
defined.

3.Works………………………………………………………………………………6.

3.1.
painting………………………………………………………….………..6Err
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3.2. Sculpture………………………………………………………………...
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4. Observation and
invention……………………………………………………....Error! Bookmark not
defined.

4.1. Anatomy and medicine………………………………………………...

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4.2. Engineering and

inventions…………………………………………...Error! Bookmark not
defined.

5. Conclusions ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Bibliography..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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 INTRODUCTION

Painter, anatomist, architect, artist, botanist, scientist, writer, sculptor,

philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet and urban planner, the Man of
the Renaissance, the most recognized polymath of History, Leonardo Da Vinci,
was born on April 15 1452 in Florence. There he learned from the hand of the
famous painter Andrea de Verrocchio, although his first works saw the light in
Milan, in the service of Duke Ludovico Sforza. Then he continued in Rome,
Bologna and Venice, spending the last years of his life in France, invited by
King Francisco I.

As an engineer and inventor, he developed ideas that were very advanced in

his time, such as the helicopter, the battle car, the submarine and the
automobile, although very few of his projects were ever built. His most famous
activity was painting, and although few works are known, his are The Virgin of
the Rocks, The Last Supper, The lady of the ermine and the most famous
painting of all time, La Gioconda.

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 LEONARDO DA VINCI BIOGRAPHY

Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452, in

the heart of the Renaissance in the heart
of Europe. He was born outside Vinci,
which lies high up on Mount Albano, in
the valley of the Arno River, near the city
of Florence.

Florence was an independent republic

and commercial center at the time of his
birth. He was the son of Ser Pierro da
Vinci, who was a legal specialist, and a
peasant girl named Caterina. He was
considered an “illegitimate” son because
they were not married. Right away. His
father married into a wealthy family and
he went to live with his grandparents. Later he lived with his father’s family and
they didn’t conceal his birth and welcomed his addition to the family.

As a child he was very smart and was very quick at arithmetic and music. He
learned the lyre and had a wonderful singing voice, and quickly went to further
develop his talents with a tutor. At age 17, he went to become an apprentice of
painting under the instruction of Andrea del Verrochio, in Florence, who was an
artist, skilled craftsmen, goldsmith, sculptor and painter. He started to use his
science to enhance his paintings. He studied and sketched rock formations,
caves and fossils. He had very few close friends during his life, even though he
was very kind and sympathetic. Later, during his apprenticeship, he started to
find his niche at inventing machines like the helicopter, diving suit, and

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 submarine. After he finished his education, he
stayed for a short time assisting Andrea del
Verrochio.

From 1478 to 1482, he obtained his own

studio. After that, he was offered the job of
court artist for Lodvico Sforza, the Duke of
Milan. He took it and lived in beautiful Milan for
17 years. There, he had a great variety of jobs
including designing artillery, and planning river
system diversions for the city. In Milan, he
really started to dive into the field of science
and learn a lot. Go to the science section to
learn more!

Toward the end of his life, in about 1508, King Louis XII of France asked him to
accompany him to Milan, and he went willingly. There, he stayed working on
anatomy and other fields until 1512, when the French lost Milan. He then had to
go to Rome. There, he stayed until his life was finished. He was very good
friends with Guiliano de’ Medici, brother of the duke, and he was well housed
and treated very kindly. Sadly, while in the bliss of the Renaissance, his health
started to fail. In March, 1516, Guiliano died, and Leonardo was left alone in the
world, practically deserted. Not far thereafter, on May 2, 1519, the mind of the
Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci died.

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 WORKS
PAINTING
Despite the relative awareness and admiration that Leonardo awoke as a
scientist and inventor in recent years, his fame has rested on his creations as a
painter of several works, authenticated or attributed to him, and which have
been considered as large masterpieces of the universal heritage.
His paintings are famous. On the one hand, they have been copied and imitated
by students, and on the other they have been the center of debate and
controversy among specialists. Between the qualities, it is possible to
emphasize the innovative pictorial techniques that it used, the sense of the
composition and the subtle use of the colored vanishes, the deep knowledge of
the human and animal anatomy, the botany and the geology, the utilization that
made the light, the interest in physiognomy, the ability to reflect the way in
which humans use the register of emotions and gestural expressions. He
dominated above all the technique of the fade and the combination of shadows
and lights. All these qualities appear together in works such as La Gioconda, La
ultima cena and La virgen de las rocas.

painted between 1495 and 1498 The Last Supper is currently where it was
painted by Da Vinci: in the dining room of the church and convent of Santa
Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.

The Last Supper is the most famous work of Christian art and has as its motive
one of the scenes of the last days of Jesus' life described in the Bible in the
Gospel of John, 13:12.

Between 1495 and 1498

Leonardo paints La ultima
cena, which represents
the last meal shared by
Jesus with his disciples; It

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 was executed directly on a wall of the convent of Santa Maria delle
Grazie in Milan. He worked from dawn to dusk without stopping to eat,
to stop doing so for the next three or four days, which ran into the prior's lack of
understanding of the convent.It is a masterpiece in his conception and
characterization, which has received the admiration of artists of the stature of
Rubens and Rembrandt. The work has had to be constantly restored due to the
technique used by Leonardo.

Painted between 1503 and 1519, by leonado da vinci, the gioconda, considered
the most famous painting in the world, is exhibited in the Louvre Museum in
Paris (France). In it appears a woman who would be Lisa Gherardini, wife of
Francesco del Giocondo. The painting suffered a theft in 1911 and is recovered
2 years later, this increases its fame.

Pintada entre 1503 y 1519, por leonado da vinci, la gioconda, considerada la pintura más
famosa del mundo, se exhibe en el Museo del Louvre en París (Francia). En ella aparece
una mujer que sería Lisa Gherardini, esposa de Francesco del Giocondo. La pintura
sufrió un robo en 1911 y se recupera 2 años después, esto aumenta su fama.

Her name, La Gioconda (the happy one, in

Spanish), derives from the most accepted
thesis about the identity of the model: the
wife of Francesco Bartolomeo de
Giocondo, who really was named Lisa
Gherardini, where her other name comes
from: Mona (Madam, in old Italian) Lisa.
The Louvre Museum accepts the full title
indicated at the beginning as the original
title of the work, although it does not
recognize the identity of the model and only
accepts it as a hypothesis.
Through historical studies it has been
determined that the model could be a
neighbor of Leonardo, that his descendants could be known and that the model
could have been pregnant, because of the way they hide their hands. In spite of
all the suppositions, the firm answers to the several questions about the work of

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 art are frankly insufficient, which generates more curiosity among the
admirers of the painting.
The fame of this painting is not based solely on the technique used or its
beauty, but also on the mysteries that surround it. In addition, the theft he
suffered in 1911, the reproductions made, the multiple works of art that have
been inspired by the painting and the existing parodies contribute to turning La
Gioconda into the most famous painting in the world, visited by millions of
people annually.

SCULPTURE
None of his sculptures has reached our days. The most known sculptural project of Leonardo is that of an
equestrian statue representing Francisco Sforza, father of Ludovico el Moro. It surpassed in size the other
two bronze equestrian statues of the Renaissance: Gattamelata by Donatello in Padua and
Bartolomeo Colleoni de Verrocchio in Venice. Leonardo executed the model in clay, known as the "Great
Horse". It was planned to be a bronze statue, 8 meters high, and would rise in Milan. 70 tons of metal were
prepared to mold it. The monument remained unfinished for several years, which was not unusual for
Leonardo.76 In 1495 bronze was used to make cannons for the Duke in an attempt to save Milan from the
French under the reign of Charles VIII of France in 1495 By private initiative, a statue built according to its
plans that was donated to the city of Milan, where it was erected, was built in 1999 in New York.

the "Great Horse". It was planned to be a bronze statue, 8 meters high, and would rise in
Milan. 70 tons of metal were prepared to mold but in 1495 bronze was used to make
cannons for the Duke in an attempt to save Milan from the French
el "gran caballo". Estaba planeado para ser una estatua de bronce, de 8 metros de altura, y se levantaría en
Milán. Se prepararon 70 toneladas de metal para moldear, pero en 1495 se usó bronce para hacer cañones
para el Duque en un intento por salvar a Milán de los franceses.

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 OBSERVATION AND INVENTION

ANATOMY AND MEDICINE

His best drawings were of bones and the muscles, being very clear and
exact.He discovered how blood travelsconstantly the whole human
body.He studied the muscles of the heart and madedrawings of the
valves with great precision ".making one of the first scientific drawings
of a fetus in utero.
Sus mejores dibujos fueron de huesos y músculos, siendo muy claros y exactos. Descubrió
cómo la sangre viaja constantemente por todo el cuerpo humano. Estudió los músculos del
corazón y los dibujos de las válvulas con gran precisión ". Haciendo uno de los primeros dibujos
científicos de un feto en el útero.

Another area of science he

studied was anatomy. In 1489,
he started an all new notebook
on human anatomy. He made
crude sketches of all parts of
body and some truly amazing
and wonderful ones. he made
observations on such parts as
the eye socket, the optic nerve
entering the brain, and complete
human tendons, muscles, and
the skeletal system. After that,
for 20 years, he basically gave
up anatomy and moved on.
Later, toward the end of his life,
King Louis XII of France asked
him to accompany him to Milan,
and he went willingly. In about
1508, he continued investigating
parts of the human body and
how they worked once again. By then, he had made a large breakthrough in his

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 scientific career by building a theory of how the four powers in the
world worked, (which he had found to be movement, weight, force and
percussion.) He was about to apply them to the greatest of all sciences, and by
far the most fascinating, the phenomenon called the human body.

To accomplish what was yearning to know about the human body, he had to
dissect about thirty corpses. He put this beside him right away and was

overcome with the beauty and wonder of what he found. His notebooks that he
used were teeming with notes that showed his admiration. Beside one of his
drawings of the heart, he wrote, “Marvelous instrument invented by the
Supreme Master”. He was very clever in finding ways to explore the body. For
instance, He used his knowledge and experience as a sculptor to help him by
injecting the organs with wax to make plaster casts. The arms and the legs also
helped him explain what he had discovered about the lever. He dissected every
muscle and tugged and pulled at it to observe how it worked. One of his favorite
muscles were the biceps, which he
found not only it bent the arm, but it
turned the palm upward! He also
proceeded made a model of the
legs made of copper wires
connected to the bones to make a
skeleton.

He drew the heart and vascular

system, the sex organs and other
internal organs, making one of the
first scientific drawings of a fetus in
utero. The drawings and notation
are far ahead of their time, and if
published would undoubtedly have
made a major contribution to

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 medical science.

ENGINEERING
In 1502 Leonardo projected a bridge of 240 m of light that It was part of a
project of construction for the Sultan Bayezid II of Constantinople (Istanbul.).
The work is never carried out, however, in 2001,the idea was resurrected for the
construction of a bridge more small in Norway based in Leonardo's design.

During his lifetime, Leonardo was valued as an engineer. In a letter to Ludovico

il Moro, he wrote that he could create all sorts of machines both for the
protection of a city and for siege. When he fled to Venice in 1499, he found
employment as an engineer and devised a system of moveable barricades to
protect the city from attack. He also had a scheme for diverting the flow of the
Arno river, a project on which Niccolò Machiavelli also worked. Leonardo's
journals include a vast number of inventions, both practical and impractical.
They include musical instruments, a mechanical knight, hydraulic pumps,
reversible crank mechanisms, finned mortar shells, and a steam cannon.

In 1502, Leonardo produced a drawing of a single span 720-foot (220 m) bridge

as part of a civil engineering project for Ottoman Sultan Beyazid
II of Constantinople. The bridge was intended to span an inlet at the mouth of
the Bosporusknown as the Golden Horn. Beyazid did not pursue the project
because he believed that such a construction was impossible. Leonardo's vision

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 was resurrected in 2001 when a smaller bridge based on his design
was constructed in Norway.

INVENTIONS
few of his inventions were built in the author's life, since they were not possible
for his time, but they served as inspiration for future inventions

He worked tirelessly to imagine what could make us fly, some of his inventions were
the following ......, he could not make them but it served as inspiration for future
inventions

Flight had been the dream of men

for centuries. To kiss the sky, to
tickle those clouds would have been
heaven for Leonardo. His most
famous endeavor started with his
desire to imitate a bird. flightHe first
worked on flapping wings but then
later used the propeller, helicopter
and hot air balloon. He started to
embark upon this idea by the
technique he had used so much: he
went to where the idea had come
from, its original source, nature. He
worked tirelessly to imagine what
could make us fly. Methodically, he thoroughly calculated the amount of muscle
and the distribution of it around the body that would be needed to make a
human fly, and studied the ratio of the wing spans to the weight of a bird. After
failure with that approach, however, he then moved to the study of the physics
of flying. He studied the currents that affected the wings. He did this to
understand how a bird flies without flapping its wings. He had previously
thought a flapping machine was the answer, but later came to develop this
premature theorem of lift:

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 “The wind that passes under the wing lifts it up just as a wedge lifts a
weight. The flight of cranes…which proceeds to raise themselves by
many turns after the manner of a screw…and a screw is of the nature of a
wedge”.

He used this later on a helicopter design that looked much like corkscrew. He
never did made a working model or flying machine that worked.

CONCLUSIONS

• Leonardo Da Vinci was a person of great importance in the different scientific

fields that he developed.

• He was the most representative man of the Renaissance due to his

contributions earning the appellation "Man of the Renaissance".

• His works are at the time of essential importance and served as inspiration for
some inventions today.

• It owns several of the most valuable paintings in the world and the most
famous painting in the world "La Gioconda".

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BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES
https://www.leonardo-da-vinci.ch/biography
https://www.leonardo-da-vinci.ch/science
https://loff.it/society/efemerides/leonardo-da-vinci-hombre-renacimiento-142448/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci

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