Stat 1123 Formula Sheet

Updated: September 2014

Chapter 2 – Graphs
Frequency of the Class
Relative Frequency of a Class 
n

Chapter 3 – Summary Statistics

Sample mean: x 
x  1 x  p 
Index: i     n , where p is between 0 and 100
n n  100 
Range = Largest value - Smallest value IQR  Q3  Q1

Sample variance: s 2 
 (x  x ) 2

Sample standard seviation: s 

 (x  x ) 2

n 1 n 1
Value - Mean x  x
Z  Empirical Rule: approximately 68%, 95%, 99.7%
SD s

sxy 
 ( x  x )( y  y ) r
s xy
n 1 sx s y

Chapter 12 – Regression Analysis

ŷ  b0  b1 x b1 
 ( x  x )( y  y )  s xy
b0  y  b1 x
 (x  x) 2
(s ) x
2

Standard Error of the Est. =

Residual  y  yˆ yˆ  2  RMSE Root Mean Square Error
(RMSE)

Supplementary Notes – Chi-Square Analysis

(Row Total)(Column Total) ( f  e) 2
Expected Frequency: e  2  
(Sample Size) e
Degrees of Freedom  (# of rows - 1)(# of columns - 1)

Chapter 4 – Probability

Complement Event: P ( A)  1  P ( Ac )

P( A or B)  P( A)  P( B)  P( A and B)
Addition Law:
P( A or B)  P( A)  P( B) , when A and B are mutually exclusive.

P( A and B)
Conditional Probability: P( A | B) 
P( B)

P( A and B)  P( A | B)  P( B)
Multiplication Law:
P( A and B)  P( A)  P( B) , when A and B are independent.

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 P( B | A) P( A)
Bayes’ Theorem (Two-event case): P( A | B) 
P( B | A) P( A)  P( B | Ac ) P( Ac )

Chapter 5 – Discrete Probability Distributions and Binomial Probability Distributions

General Discrete Distribution Binomial Distribution

n!
Probability Equation -- f ( x)  p x (1  p) n  x
x ! (n  x)!
Expected Value   E ( X )   x  f ( x)   E( X )  np

Variance  2  Var ( X )   ( x   )2  f ( x)  2  Var ( X )  n  p  (1  p)

Standard Deviation   SD( X )   (x  ) 2

 f ( x)   SD( X )  n  p  (1  p)

Chapter 6 – Normal Probability Distributions

Value - Mean x  
Z  X    Z 
SD 

Chapter 7 – Sampling Distribution and Central Limit Theorem

 X  E( X ) X  
X is (approximately) Normal with mean  and standard error Z 
n SE ( X ) / n
p(1  p) p  E ( p) p p
p is approximately Normal with mean p and standard error Z 
n SE ( p ) p(1  p) / n

Chapter 8 – Confidence Intervals

 s p (1  p )
X  z X  z p z
n n n

Chapter 9 – Hypothesis Testing

X  0 X  0 p  p0
Z Z Z
/ n s/ n p0 (1  p0 ) / n

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