K.L.E.

Society’s
P.C.JABIN SCIENCE COLLEGE, HUBLI.
AUTONOMUS
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

APPROVED DRAFT SYLLABUS

for
B.Sc. I Semester to VI Semester
w.e.f 2017-18
1
 B.Sc. I Semester

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 5 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks
1. Atomic Structure: 10 hrs
(Review: Bohr’s model of an hydrogen atom and concept of atomic orbits and orbitals) :
a. Derivation of an expression for the energy of an electron in hydrogen
atom.
b. Sommerfield extension of Bohr’s theory and its limitations.
c. de Broglie’s matter waves (derivation and problems). Davison and Germer's
experiment to verify de Broglie equation.
d. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle-mathematical expression and problems.
e. Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom (derivation not expected). Eigen
values, eigen functions, probability density, significance of ψ and ψ 2.
f. Quantum numbers and their significance, assigning quantum number value to
electrons of elements up to atomic number 10.
Self Study:
i. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
ii. Rules governing the electronic configuration of elements up to atomic number 36.

2. Periodic Table : 4 hrs

Periodic properties: Review of Modern Periodic Table
a. Classification of elements in to s, p, d and f block and its significance.
b. Periodic trends in atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and
electro negativity (measurement by Pauling scale). Factors affecting atomic and ionic
radii, ionization energy and electron affinity.
c. Comparative study of elements of group 1 and 2, (w.r.t. atomic radii and ionic radii
and ionization energy). Anomalous behavior of Li and Be.

3. Volumetric Analysis: 6 hrs

Review : Concentration terms (normality, molarity, molality, mole fraction, ppm).
a. Acid-Base titration-types, titration curves, Ostwald's theory of acid-base indicators,
choice of indicators (acid base)
b. Redox titration-theory of redox indicator with reference to diphenyl amine.
c. Complexometric titration – Definition and types of EDTA-titrations.
Error in Chemical Analysis:
Accuracy, precision, types of error-absolute and relative error. Methods of eliminating or
minimizing error. Methods of expressing precision, mean, deviation, Relative Standard
Deviation(RSD) and coefficient of variation. Significant figures.

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 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Classification and Nomenclature of organic compounds – (Benzoderivatives) : 4 hrs

Introduction, classification of organic compounds, IUPAC rules to name mono,
bifunctional aliphatic and aromatic compounds, bicyclic compounds, 3 to 7 membered
heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom containing N & O atoms only.
2. Structure and bonding of organic compounds: 4 hrs
Hybridization, sigma and Pi bonds, comparative bond lengths, bond angles, bond
energies and dihedral angles, bond polarity, dipole moment and illustrate with examples
of organic compounds.
3. Basics of organic reaction mechanism: 6 hrs
Introduction, classification of organic reactions. Substitution, addition, elimination and
rearrangement with suitable examples (Pinacoal and pinacoal rearrangement).
Electrophiles, nucleophiles. Nucleophilicity and basicity. Reactive intermediates,
structure, formation and stability of carbocation, carbanion, free radicals and carbenes.
4. Isomerism of organic compounds: 6 hrs
Definition and types:
i) Structural isomerism: Chain isomerism, position isomerism, functional isomerism,
tautomerism and metamerism.
ii) Stereoisomerism: Conformational isomerism of hydrocarbons: Molecular
representation: Fischer’s projection formulae, Newman’s formulae and Saw horse
formulae.
Free rotation about carbon-carbon single bond. Conformational analysis with
reference to ethane and butane, relative stabilities of different conformations
conformation of cyclohexane-axial and equatorial bonds.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Gaseous State: 7 hrs

Distribution of molecular speed. Maxwell Boltzmann law of distribution of molecular
velocities. Average, most probable and RMS velocities, collision diameter, mean free
path, collision number.
Real gas isotherms (Andrews). Critical phenomenon, critical constants. van der Waal’s
equation and critical constants. Measurements of critical constants (Tc, Pc, and Vc). Law
of corresponding states and reduced equation of state.
2. Liquid State : 7 hrs
Physical properties of liquids, Surface tension and surface energy- Effect of temperature
on surface tension. Determination of surface tension of liquids by Drop Number method
(Stalagmometer). Shapes of liquid drops and soap bubbles. Capillary action. Parachor
and its applications in structural elucidation.
Viscosity- Effect of temperature on viscosity. Determination of viscosity of liquids by
Ostwald’s Viscometer.

3
 Refractive index- Specific and molar refraction and their applications. Determinations
of RI of liquids using Abbe’s refractometer. Numerical Problems. Liquid crystals and
their applications.

3. Nernst distribution law: 3 hrs

Thermodynamic derivation of distribution law. Calculation of partition co-efficient.
Deviation from distribution law, due to molecular complexity. (Association and
Dissociation). Applications of distribution law. Extraction of substance from solution
with derivation and numerical problems.

4. Solid State : 3 hrs

Review of the crystallographic terms (macroscopic properties of solids in terms of
structure, bonding and defects. Definition of space lattice, unit cell)
Laws of crystallography – (i) Law of constancy of interfacial angles (ii) Law of
rationality of indices (iii) Law of symmetry. Symmetry elements in crystals.

Practicals

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks: 15
a. Volumetric Analysis :
Given solution to be diluted to 100ml and 10ml be used for estimation.

1. To prepare 250cm3 of N/20 oxalic acid solution and determine the strength of given
solution of sodium hydroxide.
2. To prepare 250cm3 of N/20 oxalic acid solution and determine the amount of KMnO4
using standard solution of oxalic acid of 0.05N.
3. To estimate the amount of FeSO4. 6H2O in the given solution using standard solution of
K2Cr2O7 (0.05N) by internal indicator method.
4. Estimation of potassium permanganate using standard ferrous ammonium sulphate
solution (0.05N ).
5. To estimate the amount of iodine present in the given solution using a standard solution
of Sodium thiosulphate (0.05N).
6. To estimate the amount of Zn+2 ions present in the given solution of EDTA-disodium salt
of 0.05N
7. To determine the total hardness of given sample of water using a standard solution of
EDTA-disodium salt of 0.05N
8. Estimation of available Chlorine in bleaching powder by iodometric method.
9. To determine the percentage loss in weight of ZnCO3.
10.To determine the percentage loss in weight of BaCl2.2H2O.
11.To determine the percentage loss in weight of BaSO4+NH4Cl.
12.To determine the percentage loss in weight of ZnO + ZnCO3
b. Double burette system: Demonstration experiment in volumetric analysis.
4
 Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Inorganic Volumetric Analysis:

1) The candidates should perform 10 experiments.

2) Practical examination is of 4 hours duration.
3) The candidate has to score minimum 50% marks for passing the practical examination.
4) Continuous internal practical assessment (5 + 10) : 15 marks
5) Semester end practical examination should be conducted for 35marks

Distribution of 35 marks:

1. Accuracy : 18
2. Practical record : 04
3. Technique and presentation : 05
4. Calculation : 04
5. Viva-voce : 04
Total = 35 Marks

Modified Scheme of Marking:

Variation of experimental Marks

results
+ 0.2 cc 18
+ 0.4 cc 14
+ 0.6 cc 10
+ 0.8 cc 06
+ 1.0 cc and above 00

5
 B.Sc.-II Semester
Inorganic Chemistry

No.of hours per week: 05 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks
1. Chemical Bonding - I : 8 hrs
a. Ionic Bond : Factors favouring the formation of ionic bond, lattice defects, lattice
energy and solvation energy. Born-Haber cycle for the formation of sodium chloride
and problems on calculation of Lattice energy. Born- Lande equation (derivation not
required). Fajan’s rule and applications.
b. Covalent Bond: Factors favouring the formation of Covalent Bond. Review of
valence bond theory w.r.t. H2, F2, O2, N2 and HCl, concept of resonance in CO32- and
NO3- ions.
c. Hybridization- Review of salient features of hybridization, types (BeF2, BCl3, SiCl4,
PCl5 and SF6). VSEPR theory to explain the structure of NH3 and H2O molecules.
2. Chemical Bonding - II : 8 hrs
a. Molecular orbital theory (MOT): Review of LCAO, BMO and ABMO,
Conditions for combinations and bond order. Electronic configuration, energy level
diagram of molecular orbitals. Predicting magnetic property for H2, He2, N2, O2, O2-,
O2+ molecules. Also energy level diagram to be studied. Comparison of VBT and
MOT. Hetero atoms-molecular orbital energy diagram for HF, CO and NO
molecules.
b. Metallic Bond: Bond model (molecular orbital approach) of metallic bonding.
Electrical properties of metals, nonmetals, semiconductors and super conductors
c. Hydrogen Bond : Definition, inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding.
Anomalous properties of water.
3. Acids & Bases: 2 hrs
Lux-Flood and Lewis concepts of acids and bases. Hard and soft acids. Pearson’s
concept of HSAB.
4. Chemistry of Noble gases: 2 hrs
Preparation, structure and bonding in xenon compounds.
( XeF2, XeF4 and XeO3)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Chemistry of aliphatic hydrocarbons: 6 hrs

Revision (definition and classification. General method of preparation of alkane, alkene
and alkyne). Hydrocarbon as a source of energy, Commercial method of preparation of
alkenes and alkynes.
a) Alkenes: Chemical reactions of alkenes – Mechanism of addition of halogen (eg:
bromine) and hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s rule and peroxide effect), acid
catalyzed hydration of alkenes, oxymercuration oxidation (Markownikoff’s addition).
Hydroboration and oxidation (antimarkownikoff’s addition). Oxidative cleavage of
alkenes with KMnO4 and Ozone (Ozonolysis) and Polymerization.
6
 b) Alkadienes: Introduction, classification. Preparation of butadiene. Mechanism of
addition of halogen and hydrogen halides in 1, 3- butadiene. Diel’s Alder reaction and
polymerization.
c) Alkynes: Mechanism of addition of halogen, hydrogen halides, hydration of alkynes.
Oxidative cleavage of alkynes with KMnO4 and Ozone (Ozonolysis) and
Polymerization.
2. Cycloalkanes: 5 hrs
Introduction, Nomenclature, Preparation of cyclopropane and cyclobutane from 1, 3-
dibromopropane and 1,4-dibromobutane. Relative stability and conformational analysis
of cyclopropane, cyclobutane and cyclohexane- axial and equatorial bonds.
Conformations of mono substituted cyclohexane (Methyl and halogen substituted
compounds)
3. Aromaticity: 4 hrs
Criteria for aromaticity: heat of hydrogenation (eg: benzene), resonance and resonance
energy (eg: benzene). Hukel's rule. Explanation using examples of benzene, furan,
thiophene, pyridine, naphthalene and anthracene. Ions: cyclopropene cation,
cyclopentadiene anion and cycloheptatriene cation. Molecular Orbital Theory using
examples of benzene, pyrrole and pyridine.
4. Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5 hrs
Orientation and reactivity in monosubstituted benzene. Theory of orientation;
explanation on the basis of stability of sigma complex using examples of one electron
withdrawing group and one electron donating group.
Review: (Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions - General mechanism, mechanism
of halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation
reactions).
Polynuclear hydrocarbons - classification with examples.
Naphthalene- Isolation from coal tar. Constitution of naphthalene (Synthesis by
Haworth's method).

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Chemical Kinetics : 7 hrs

Rate of a reaction. Second order reaction. Derivation of second order velocity constant
when a=b and a≠b, relation between half-life period and order of a reaction.
Determination of order of a reaction by differential equation method and half-life period
method. Numerical problems. Complex reactions, derivation of rate constants for first
order parallel, reversible and consecutive reactions. Problems on rate constants, half-life
and mean life.

7
 2. Solutions : 6 hrs

Thermodynamics of ideal solutions. Gibbs Duhem-Margules equation and its

applications. Theory of fractional distillation. Fractional azeotropic distillations. The
nature of azeotropic mixture, partially miscible liquids, critical solution temperature with
respect to phenol-water, triethylamine-water and nicotine-water system. Completely
immiscible liquids, steam distillation.

3. Thermodynamics-I : 7 hrs

(Review-Thermodynamic terms) Heat capacity of system. Cp, Cv and relationship

between Cp and Cv for ideal and real gases. Joule Thomson co-efficient. Inversion
temperature, temperature dependence of enthalpy and internal energy changes. Kirchoff’s
equations. Bond energies and bond dissociation energies. Problems based on the above
concepts.

Practicals

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks:15

Qualitative analysis of Binary Mixture of Organic Compounds:

a. Qualitative analysis of Solid-Solid Organic Mixture:
Identification of nature of mixture and separation of mixture into compounds. Characterization
of any one separated compound. (Preparation of derivative of identified compound and its mp is
expected).
Mixture of following compounds can be given :
Acids: salicylic acid, Cinnamic acid, Phthalic acid.
Phenol: α-Naphthol, β-Naphthol.
Base: p-toluidine, m-nitoaniline, p-nitroaniline.
Neutral: Naphthalene, Acetanilide, Diphenyl, Benzamide, Benzophenone and m-
dinitrobenzene.
b. Qualitative analysis of Liquid-Liquid Organic Mixture:
Separation of mixture by distillation,
Liquid mixtures. Separation by fractional distillation. Characterization of any one
separated compound. (Preparation of derivative of identified compound and its mp is expected).
Mixture of following compounds can be given :
Low Boiling: Ethyl acetate, Acetone, Chlorobenzene, toluene.
High Boiling: Phenol, Aniline, Benzaldehyde, Nitrobenzene, Methylbenzoate, Acetophenone,
Bromobenzene.

8
 B.Sc. II Semester
Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Organic spotting of simple Binary mixtures

The candidates should perform 10 experiments.

1. Continuous internal Practical assessment (5+10) : 15 marks

2. Semester end Practical examination : 35 marks

Distribution of marks:

1. Separation & Identification of one Organic compound : 20 marks

2. Practical Record : 05 marks
3. Technique & Presentation : 05 marks
4. Viva-Voce : 05 marks
Total = 35 marks

Scheme of marking for separation & identification:

Nature & separation of binary mixture 07

Preliminary and solubility test 03
Physical constants 02
Element tests 03
Functional group test 03
Identification & structure of the compound 02

9
Reference books:
Inorganic Chemistry

1. 1.J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Blackwell Science, London, (Revised)
2. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Guas, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John
Wiley, (Revised)
3. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Shoban Lal
Nagin Chand and Co. (Revised)
4. Concise Inorganic Chemistry- J.D.Lee, Blackwell Science (5th Edition),
5. Environment al Chemistry-A.K.De,Wiley Eastern Ltd., (Revised)
6. Nuclear and radiation chemistry-Sharma B.K, Goel Publishing House, (Revised)
7. Principles of Inorganic chemistry-B.R.Puri and L.R.Sharma, Jauher, S.P. – S.N.
Chand & Co. (Revised)
8. Chemistry - P.Atkins & L Jones, W.H. Freeman & Co., (3rd edition),

Organic Chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry (Vol.1 & 2)-I.L. Finar, ELBS,
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry- C.S.Bahl and A. Bahl, S Chand & Co.,
3. Organic Chemistry - R. T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice Hall,
4. Modern Organic Chemistry - R.O.C. Norman and D.J. Waddington, ELBS,
5. Understanding Organic reaction mechanisms - A. Jacobs, Cambridge Univ. Press,
6. Organic Chemistry - L.Ferguson, Von Nostrand,
7. Organic Chemistry - M.K.Jain, Nagin & Co.,
8. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry - P. Sykes, Orient Longman.
9. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Printice-Hall Of India
Limited, New Delhi,
10. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, John Wiley And Sons, New
York.
11.E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilers, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
12. P. S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern
Ltd.
Physical Chemistry

1. B.R. Puri and L.R. Sharma, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin chand
and Co. 33rd edition.
2. Irving M. Klotz and Robert M. Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics, John Wiley and
sons, Inc.
3. J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose, Thermodynamics, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and CO.
4. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-2 and 3) Macmillan, India
Ltd,
5. The Elements of Physical Chemistry (3rd edition) - Peter Atkins, Oxford Univ. Press.

10
 6. Introduction to Physical Chemistry (3rd edition), Mark Ladd, Cambridge Low –
priced edition.
7. Text Book of physical chemistry - S. Glasstone, Mackmillan India Ltd.
8. Principles of Physical Chemistry - B. R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S.Patania, S.L.N.
Chand & Co.
9. Basic Physical chemistry - Walter J. Moore, Prentice Hall.
10.Nanochemistry by Kenneth.J. Klabunde
11.Concepts of nanochemistry by Ludovico cademartiri and Geoffrey. A. ozin
12.Basics of nanochemistry by Mamata .V. Sachdeva
13.Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology by Chattopadhyay.
14.Nanoscience and Technology by Muralidharan .V.S and Subramania .A.
Reference Books for Practicals
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis - J Bassett, R. C. Denney,
G.H.Jeffery and J.Mendham, ELBS.
2. Practical Inorganic Chemistry - G. Marr and B.W. Rackett, Von Nostrand
Reinhold.
3. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry – A.I. Vogel,
4. A Handbook of Organic Analysis – Clarke and Hayes
5. Experiments in Physical chemistry - Shoemaker and Garland, McGraw Hill International
edn
6. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry (Part II), S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt.
7. N.S. Ganapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry – Lab manual,
S.Viswanathan Co. Pvt.,
8. J.N. Gurthu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry (Organic),
S. Chand and Co.,

11
 B.Sc.-III Semester
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 5 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks

1. Chemistry of non metals: 6 hrs

a) Hydrides of borane:
Preparation, properties and structure of diborane, borazines,
b) Classification and structure of silicates
c) Preparation and structure of NF3 N2 F2, SOCl2 and S4N4
d) Preparation, properties and structures of inter- halogen compounds-ClF3, BrF5, IF7.
e) Clathrates – conditions of formation, stability, preparation and uses.

2. Metallurgy: 6 hrs

Thermodynamic principles of reduction, Ellingham diagram for oxides, and relative

tendency to undergo oxidation in case of elements like Fe, C, Ag, Hg, Al, Cr & Mg.
Carbon reduction and Aluminothermic process. Extraction of Lead by Pyrometallurgy
and extraction of gold by Hydrometallurgy.

Powder metallurgy: Application and advantages of powder metallurgy. Production of

metal powders. Tungsten powder from wolframite.

3. Nuclear Chemistry: 8 hrs

Atomic mass and its relation with mass number. Meson exchange theory of origin of
nuclear forces. nuclear stability, mass defect, binding energy and its calculations, nuclear
reactions [(α, p), (p, α), (α, n) (n, α), (p, n) & (n, p)]. Nuclear fission of U – 235 nucleus
by liquid drop model, nuclear reactors – components and functions. Nuclear Fusion –
formation of He42 nucleus by fusion of 4 nuclei and calculation of energy. Tracer
technique and applications. Problems based on dating technique.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. Stereoisomerism II: 6 hrs
Molecular representation: Fischer’s projection formulae, Newman’s formulae, Saw horse
formulae. Optical isomerism, optical activity, specific rotation and optical purity,
chirality/asymmetric centers, enantiomers, R and S notations (one asymmetric center),
CIP rules with examples, molecules with two or more asymmetric centers, diastereomers,
meso compounds, R and S notations (two asymmetric center), D and L configuration,
threo and erythro nomenclature, Racemic mixture and Racemisation, Resolution of
Racemic mixture through mechanical separation, Formation of diastereomers and
biochemical methods. Biological significance of chirality.

12
2. Aliphatic and Aromatic halides: 5 hrs
Nomenclature, classification, Nucleophilic Substitution reactions; (Review SN1, SN2
of Aliphatic halogen compounds) SN1 and SN2 mechanisms of aromatic halogen
compounds, stereochemistry, reactivity, effect of structure, substrate, solvent,
nucleophile, leaving groups. Elimination reaction, E1, & E2 mechanisms and
stereochemistry. Comparison between E1, & E2 reactions. Hoffmann and Saytzeff rule.
Elimination-addition mechanism (Benzyne intermediate).

3. (a) Polyhydric alcohols: 4 hrs

Introduction, Preparation of glycol from ethane and glycerol from propene.
Preparation and uses of nitroglycerine, dynamite and cordite.
(b) Thiols:
Nomenclature, methods of formation from alkyl halides and alcohols. Chemical
reactions with sodium, aldehydes and ketones.
4. Phenols: 5 hrs

Introduction, Acidic character of phenol compared to cyclohexanol. Mechanism of Fries

rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Lederer-Manasse reaction, Elbs persulphate
oxidation reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Gattermann synthesis and Reimer-tiemann reaction.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Thermodynamics-II 12 hrs

Second Law, cyclic process, carnot cycle, heat engine and its efficiency. Carnot s
theorem. The concept of entropy and its significance. The standard reaction entropy,
variation of entropy with temperature . Determination of entropy from heat capacity data.
The entropy change in reversible and irreversible process for ideal gases.

Free energy function (G) and Helmholtz work function (A) and their relationship.
Variation of Free energy with respect to Pressure , Volume and Temperature. Variation
of work function with respect to Pressure, Volume and Temperature. Gibb’s Helmholtz
equations (Derivation and its significance). Conditions for spontaneity and equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics.

Derivation of Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its application. Partial molar quantities-

Chemical potential of an ideal gas. Numerical Problems .

2. Ionic equilibria: 4 hrs

Types of salts and their hydrolysis. Degree of hydrolysis and expression for hydrolysis
constant. Relation between Ka, Kb, and Kw. Expression for pH in case of hydrolysis of
I) Salt of weak acid and strong base.
II) Salt of weak base and strong acid.
III) Salt of weak acid and weak base and numerical problems.

13
 3. Photochemistry : 4 hrs
Laws of photochemistry, Grotthus Draper law , Stark-Einstein’s law, comparison of
thermal and photochemical reactions. Quantum yield of photochemical combination of a)
H2 and Cl2 (b) H2 and Br2 (c) Dissociation of HI (d) Dimerisation of anthracene.
Determination of Quantum yield by chemical actinometer method. Reasons for high and
low quantum efficiencies with examples.

Practicals

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks: 15

Systematic semi micro qualitative analysis of mixture of inorganic salts containing two acidic
and two basic radicals.

Basic Radicals: Pb2+, Cu2+ , Al3+, Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+
Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+
Acidic Radicals: CO32-, S2-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, BO33- and PO43-
Note:
1. In a batch of 10/12 students, not more than two students should be given the same
mixture in practical examination.
2. Viva questions may be asked on practical syllabus.
3. Practical Manual may be referred whenever necessary.

Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Inorganic Qualitative Analysis of mixture containing two basic and two
acidic radicals:

1. Practical examination is of 4 hours duration.

2. The candidate has to score minimum 50% marks for passing the practical examination.
3. Continuous internal practical assessment (5 + 10) : 15 marks
4. Semester end practical examination should be conducted for : 35 marks

Distribution of 35 marks:
1. Preliminary tests : 03
2. – ve radicals (2) : 06
3. + ve radicals (2) : 10
4. Presentation : 03
5. Technique : 05
1. Viva voce : 04
2. Journal : 04
Total = 35 marks

14
 B.Sc. IV Semester
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 5 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks

1. d and f – block elements: 6 hrs

Review of general characteristics of d block elements (viz oxidation state, metallic
properties, colour of their compounds, magnetic properties, catalytic and their complex
forming properties) of first row and second row of transition metals.
Comparison of d and f block elements
Lanthanide contraction and its effects. Separation of Lanthanons by ion exchange
method.
Actinides - Electronic configuration, oxidation state transuranic elements. Extraction of
Uranium from Pitch Blende and Plutonium from Nuclear Fuel.
2. Inorganic Polymers: 4 hrs
General properties of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers. Glass
transition temperature, Silicones-preparation, properties and uses.
Polyphosphazenes-preparation, properties (physical, chemical – action of heat,
substitution and hydrolysis and structures, nature of bonding.

3. Environmental Chemistry: 7 hrs

Air pollutants – sources and control measures of CO2, SO2, NO2, H2S, hydrocarbons,
CFC’s and particulates
Water pollution: organic pollutants ,COD, BOD.
Preliminary, primary and secondary treatment of sewage and industrial effluents.
Hardness of water, Ion exchange method of softening hard water.
Handling and disposal of hazardous wastes like plastic, biomedical wastes and
radioactive wastes.
4. Organic reagents in inorganic analysis: 3 hrs
Sensitivity, selectivity and specificity of i) oxine ii) DMG iii) Aluminon iv) Cupferon
v) EDTA. Advantages of organic reagents over inorganic reagents.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Aldehydes and Ketones: 4 hrs

Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones by oxidation of alcohols, Aldehydes by reduction of

acyl chloride, esters, nitriles and ketones from Gillamann’s reagent. General mechanism
of Nucleophillic addition to the carbonyl compounds. Mechanism of addition of
Hydrogen cyanide and Hydroxyl amine. Addition of alcohol, amines and phosphorous
ylides (no mechanism).

2. Reactions involving carbonyl compounds: 4 hrs

Acidity of α-hydrogens, Mechanism of Aldol condensation, Perkin’s condensation,
Claisen’s condensation, Dieckman condensation, Darzen’s condensation. Reactions of
15
 compounds with no α-hydrogens. Mechanism of Benzoin condensation and
Cannizzarro’s reaction, Crossed Aldol and Claisen’s condensation, Crossed
Cannizzarro’s reaction.

3. Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives: 5 hrs

(Review: Acidity of carboxylic acids) Effect of substituent on acidity of aliphatic and
aromatic acids, synthesis of acylchloride from PCl5, amides from acylchlorides,
Esterification and Hydrolysis of Esters, AAc2 and BAc2 reactions mechanism, definition
and examples, keto-enol tautomerism using example of ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), use of
EAA in preparation of alkyl acetic acid, dicarboxylic acid and alkyl ketones,
Knoevenagel’s reaction and Michel addition (mechanism not required).

4. Amines: 4 hrs
(Review: Introduction, nomenclature and classification) Structure of amines, Basicity of
aliphatic amines, aryl amines and heterocyclic amines. Effect of substituents on basicity
of aliphatic and aromatic amines, preparation of amines by Gabriel-Phthalimide
synthesis, through Reduction of nitro compound by Hoffman and Curties reaction
(mechanism required), reactions of aliphatic and aromatic amines with nitrous acid,
replacement reaction of arenediazonium salt (replacement by –Cl/-Br, -CN, -I, -F, -OH, -
H), Coupling reaction of arenediazonium salt.

5. Ethers and Epoxides: 3 hrs

Nomenclature of Ethers and their methods of formation, Chemical reactions – Cleavage
and auto-oxidation. Synthesis of Epoxides, Acid and base catalyzed ring opening of
epoxides, orientation of epoxide ring opening.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Surface Chemistry: 7 hrs

Adsorption isotherms – Types . Frendlich’s and Langmuir adsorption isotherms
(derivation) and their limitations. Multilayer theory, BET adsorption isotherm (equation
only). Measurement of surface area of adsorbent. Gibb’s adsorption Equation and its
applications. Theories of catalysis: Intermediate compound and adsorption theory.
Kinetics of acid -base catalysis. Enzyme catalysis. Michael’s – Menton equation.
Bioenzymes and industrial applications.

2. Phase equilibrium: 5 hrs

Definition and explanation of the terms with examples, phase, component, degree of
freedom, Gibb’s phase rule. Applications of phase equilibria for one component systems
(water and sulphur), reduced phase rule. Two component system (Zn-Cd, KI –H2O &
Ag –Pb). Freezing mixture and their applications.

3. Micelles : 4 hrs
Emulsions, Micro emulsions or micellar emulsions, electro kinetic effects, colloidal
electrolytes or association colloids, surface active agents or surfactants, solibulization of
surfactant solutions.
16
 4. Chemical Equilibrium: 4 hrs
Relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities. Relation between
Kp, Kc and Kx. Variation of Kp and Kx with pressure and temperature. Numerical
problems.

Practicals

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks : 15

1. Determination of surface tension of given liquid series alcohol/ aromatic hydrocarbons

and calculation of parachors. ( By drop number method).
2. Determination of % composition of given liquid mixture using Ostwald’s viscometer.
C6H6 /CHCI3 or CCI4.
3. Determination of partition coefficient for the distribution of iodine between water and
benzene.
4. Study of adsorption of acetic acid on animal charcoal.
5. Comparison of the catalytic strength of HCl and H2SO4 by studying the kinetics of
hydrolysis of an ester.
6. Study of effect on rate of reaction in case of reaction K2S2O8 and KI.
7. Determination of water equivalent of calorimeter and enthalpy of neutralization of strong
acid by strong base.
8. To determine the critical solution temperature and composition at the CST for phenol and
water system.
9. Determination of concentration of HCl by using the standard solution of NaOH by
conductometric titrations.
10. Preparation of Buffer solutions and determination of their pH using pH meter.

17
 Scheme of Evaluation

Distribution of marks

Chemistry practical examination consists of two parts.

1. Continuous internal practical assessment : 15 marks

2. Semester end practical examination : 35 marks

Distribution

1. Accuracy : 16

2. Calculation and graph : 05

3. Technique and presentation : 06

4. Practical record : 04

5. Viva : 04

Total = 35 Marks

Scheme of Marking:

Deviation up to +:

1. Up to 10% - 16 marks
2. 11 – 15% - 12 marks
3. 16 – 20% - 08 marks
4. 21 – 25% - 04 marks
5. Above 25% - 00

18
Reference books:
Inorganic Chemistry

1. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Blackwell Science, London, (Revised)
2. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Guas, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John
Wiley, (Revised)
3. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Shoban Lal
Nagin Chand and Co. (Revised)
4. Concise Inorganic Chemistry- J.D.Lee, Blackwell Science (5th Edition),
5. Environment al Chemistry-A.K.De,Wiley Eastern Ltd., (Revised)
6. Nuclear and radiation chemistry-Sharma B.K, Goel Publishing House, (Revised)
7. Principles of Inorganic chemistry-B.R.Puri and L.R.Sharma, Jauher, S.P. – S.N.
Chand & Co. (Revised)
8. Chemistry - P.Atkins & L Jones, W.H. Freeman & Co., (3rd edition),

Organic Chemistry

1. Organic Chemistry (Vol.1 & 2)-I.L. Finar, ELBS,

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry- C.S.Bahl and A. Bahl, S Chand & Co.,
3. Organic Chemistry - R. T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice Hall,
4. Modern Organic Chemistry - R.O.C. Norman and D.J. Waddington, ELBS,
5. Understanding Organic reaction mechanisms - A. Jacobs, Cambridge Univ. Press,
6. Organic Chemistry - L.Ferguson, Von Nostrand,
7. Organic Chemistry - M.K.Jain, Nagin & Co.,
8. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry - P. Sykes, Orient Longman.
9. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Printice-Hall Of India
Limited, New Delhi,
10. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, John Wiley And Sons, New
York.
11.E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilers, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
12. P. S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern
Ltd.

Physical Chemistry

1. B.R. Puri and L.R. Sharma, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin chand
and Co. 33rd edition.
2. Irving M. Klotz and Robert M. Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics, John Wiley and
sons, Inc.
3. J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose, Thermodynamics, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and CO.
4. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-2 and 3) Macmillan, India Ltd,
5. The Elements of Physical Chemistry (3rd edition) - Peter Atkins, Oxford Univ. Press.
19
 6. Introduction to Physical Chemistry (3rd edition), Mark Ladd, Cambridge Low –
priced edition.
7. Text Book of physical chemistry - S. Glasstone, Mackmillan India Ltd.
8. Principles of Physical Chemistry - B. R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S.Patania, S.L.N.
Chand & Co.
9. Basic Physical chemistry - Walter J. Moore, Prentice Hall.
10.Nanochemistry by Kenneth.J. Klabunde
11.Concepts of nanochemistry by Ludovico cademartiri and Geoffrey. A. ozin
12.Basics of nanochemistry by Mamata .V. Sachdeva
13.Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology by Chattopadhyay.
14.Nanoscience and Technology by Muralidharan .V.S and Subramania .A.
Reference Books for Practicals
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis - J Bassett, R. C. Denney,
G.H.Jeffery and J.Mendham, ELBS.
2. Practical Inorganic Chemistry - G. Marr and B.W. Rackett, Von Nostrand
a. Reinhold.
3. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry – A.I. Vogel,
4. A Handbook of Organic Analysis – Clarke and Hayes
5. Experiments in Physical chemistry - Shoemaker and Garland, McGraw Hill International
edn
6. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry (Part II), S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt.
7. N.S. Ganapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry – Lab manual,
S.Viswanathan Co. Pvt.,
8. J.N. Gurthu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry (Organic),
S. Chand and Co.,

20
 B.Sc.V Semester Paper-I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 5 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks

1. Coordination Chemistry-I: 5 hrs

Werner’s theory of coordination compounds w.r.t cobalt ammine complexes, IUPAC

nomenclature of coordination compounds. Calculation of EAN in complexes,
stereochemistry and examples of coordination compounds with respect to C. N. 2, 3, 4, 5
& 6. Geometrical and optical isomerism in coordination compounds with respect to C.N.
4&6

2. Bio-Inorganic Chemistry: 3 hrs

Essential and trace elements in biological process. Metalloporphorins with reference to

hemoglobin and Chlorophyll (Structure and function). Biological role of Na, K ,Fe,
Zn,Mg and Ca. Toxic Effects of As, Pb and Hg.

3 Organometallic Chemistry: 3 hrs

Classification of organo-transition metal complexes, metal carbonyls, bonding in metal

carbonyls. The 18-electron and 16-electron rules with reference to metal carbonyl.
Synthesis, structure, bonding and reactions of metal alkyl complexes.

4. Metal clusters: 3 hrs

Carbonyl clusters and Halide type clusters, examples and structures low and high
nuclearity carbonyl clusters, examples and structures of halide type clusters.

21
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Heterocyclic Compounds: 5 hrs

Classification, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered ring containing one hetero

atom. Synthesis of Pyrrole, Furan (Paal-Knor synthesis), Pyridine (Hantzch synthesis),
Quinoline (Skraup synthesis) and Isoquinoline (Skarp’s synthesis). Reactions of Pyrrole,
Furan, Pyridine. Mechanism of Electrophilic substitution reactions of Pyrrole and
Pyridine.
2. Alkaloids 4 hrs

Introduction, classification, general properties. Hofman’s exhaustive methylation.

Coniine. Nicotine and hygrine –Isolation, constitution and confirmation by synthesis.

3. Pericyclic reactions: 5 hrs

Types of pericyclic reactions, Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Symmetry properties of
reactant and product orbitals, cycloaddition reaction, [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition
reactions. Electro cyclic reaction; cyclisation of 4n and (4n+2)π systems, sigma tropic
rearrangements.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Electrochemistry 8 hrs

Theory of strong electrolytes- Debye- Huckel theory of strong electrolytes. Debye -

Huckel Onsagar equation (no derivation). Relaxation effect, Electrophoretic effect, Inter-
ionic attraction theory. Activity coefficients of electrolytes. Mean ionic activity
coefficients of electrolyte. Transport number and its determination by Hittorff’s method.
(Hittorff’s theoretical device). Applications of conductivity measurements,
determination of (1) Ka (2) Solubility products of sparingly soluble salts (3)
Conductometric titrations and numerical problems.

2. Chemical Kinetics –II 5 hrs

Theories of reaction rates: Collision theory of bimolecular reaction rates. Postulates and
derivation of rate expressions, transition state theory – derivation. Its superiority over
collusion theory.

3. Oscillating reactions: 2 hrs

Introduction –Belousov Zhabotinski (B2) reactions

Examples:
1. Oxidation of malic acid
2. The catalytic decomposition of H2O2 by iodate (Brag Liebhufsky)
Study of oscillation reactions by using Lotka –Volterva model .

22
 PRACTICALS PAPER -I
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Explanation regarding crystallization, fractional crystallization, sublimation, reflux, distillation,

fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation. (Student should
write in journal regarding above). Recrystallization and determination of m.p of crystallized
solid. (mixed m.p determination and its importance may be mentioned).

One Stage Preparations:

1) Preparation of sulphanilic acid.

2) Preparation of Benzoic acid from benzyl alcohol.

3) Preparation of acetanilide from aniline.

4) Preparation of 1,1-bis-2-Naphthol from 2-Napthol.

5) Preparation of aspirin from salicylic acid.

Two Stage Preparations:

1) Preparation of Phthalimide from Phthalic anhydride & Urea

2) Preparation of p-bromoaniline from Acetanilide
3) Preparation of p-nitroaniline from Acetanilide

23
 B.Sc.V Semester Paper-I
Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Organic Chemistry:

1. The candidates should perform 10 experiments.

2. Practical examination is of 4 hours duration.
3. The candidate has to score minimum 50% marks for passing the practical examination.
4. Continuous internal practical assessment (5 + 10) : 15 marks
5. Semester end practical examination should be conducted for : 35 marks

Distribution of marks:

1. Yield :16
2. Proper Technique :05
3. Purity :04
4. Melting Point :
02
5. Journal :04
6. Viva voce :04
Total = 35 marks

Deviation up to :

1. Up to 10% - 16 marks
2. 11 – 15% - 12 marks
3. 16 – 20% - 08 marks
4. 21 – 25% - 04 marks
5. Above 25% - 00

24
 B.Sc.V Semester Paper-II
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 5 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 60 I.A: 30 Marks

1. Theory of gravimetric analysis: 4 hrs

Principles of gravimetric analysis- super saturation, Von-Weimann equation conditions

of precipitation, co-precipitation and post precipitation, separation of precipitate from
mother liquor, washing properties of washing liquid, drying, ignition of precipitate and
weighing form.

2. Industrial Chemistry:

a) Alloys:Significance, Types of alloys (ferrous and non-ferrous alloys) 2 hrs

preparation (fusion and electro-deposition) and their applications.
b) Abrasives: Hardness, manufacture and importance of carborundum, 2 hrs
alundum, tungsten carbide.
c) Glass: Raw materials, manufacture, types, composition and uses. 2 hrs
d) Cement: Raw materials, manufacture and mechanism of setting. 2 hrs
f) Nanomaterials:Introduction,preparation,characters and applications
(sensors) . 2 hrs
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: 5 hrs

Concept of chromophore and auxochrome, Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hypochromic
and hyperchromic shifts, types of electronic transition, λmax, effect of conjugation.
Woodward rule for calculating λmax of α and β –unsaturated aldehydes, Ketones,
Carboxylic acids, esters. Conjugated dienes, alucyclic homo – annular and heteroannular,
Cis – trans isomerism. Applications of UV Spectroscopy.

2. Infrared Spectroscopy: 5 hrs

Introduction to infrared spectroscopy, intensity of absorption band. Position of absorption
bands, C – H absorption bands, > C = O absorption bands, O – H absorption bands, N –
H absorption bands. (for every functional group reason for variation in band values must
be explained). Effect of hydrogen bonding.

3. Dyes: 5 hrs
Introduction, colour and constitution, requirement of dye. Classification- mordant and vat
dyes. Synthesis and applications of congo – red, malachite green, phenolphthalein,
alizarin. Dyes used in food and their safety concerned and organic pigments with
examples.

25
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Molecular Spectroscopy 10 hrs

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Electromagnetic spectrum.
a) Rotational Spectroscopy 3 hrs
Rotation of molecules. Diatomic molecules, energy levels of rigid rotator.
Selection rules(final equation only). Determination of bond length and moment of
inertia of HCl molecule.
b) Vibrational Spectroscopy 4 hrs
Vibrating diatomic molecules – energy of diatomic molecules. Infrared spectrum,
energy levels of simple Harmonic oscillator. (Final equation only). Selection
rules, pure vibrational spectra, determination of force constant and qualitative
relation between force constant and bond dissociation energies.
c) Electronic Spectroscopy 3 hrs
Concept of potential energy curves for bonding and anti bonding molecular
orbitals. Qualitative description of selection rules, s, p non-bonding M.O, their
energy levels and respective transitions. Frank – Condon Principle.

2. Polarization and over voltage 4 hrs

Polarization – Concentration polarization of electrodes. Principle of Polarography.
Overvoltage – Decomposition potential, hydrogen overvoltage, anodic process. Metal
decomposition, electrolytic separation of metals. Simultaneous deposition.

26
 Practicals - Paper -II
Physical Chemistry

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks : 15
1. Determination of the concentration of CH3COOH by conductometric titrations using the
standard NaOH.
2. Determination of the concentration of CH3COOH by conductometric titrations using the
standard NH4OH.
3. Conductometric precipitation titration of NaCl v/s AgNO3.
4. Determination of equivalent conductance (λ∞) of strong electrolyte(NaCl).
5. Determination of dissociation constant of acetic acid conductometrically.
6. Determination of concentration of strong acid by potentiometric titration against standard
solution of 0.1 N NaOH.
7. Determination of Ka of a weak acid potentiometrically.
8. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of polybasic acids.
9. Verification of Beer-Lambert’s law by colorimetric method and calculation of molar
extinction coefficient i) CuSO4. Determination of unknown concentration of CuSO4
solution.
10. Determination of pH of the following juices by using pH meter.
i) Orange juice
ii) Lime water
iii) Ascorbic acid
iv) Milk

27
 Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Physical Chemistry:

1. The candidates should perform 10 experiments.

2. Practical examination is of 4 hours duration.
3. The candidate has to score minimum 50% marks for passing the practical examination.
4. Continuous internal practical assessment (5 + 10) : 15 marks
5. Semester end practical examination should be conducted for : 35 marks

Distribution of marks:

I. Accuracy : 16
II. Proper Technique : 06
III. Graph & Calculation : 05
IV. Journal : 04
V. Viva-Voce : 04
Total = 35 Marks

Deviation up to :

1. Up to 10% - 16 marks
2. 11 – 15% - 12 marks
3. 16 – 20% - 08 marks
4. 21 – 25% - 04 marks
5. Above 25% - 00 marks

28
 B. Sc. VI Semester Paper–I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 3 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 42 I.A: 30 Marks

Unit - I
1. Coordination Chemistry-II: 7 hrs

Review of valence bond theory of coordination compounds with reference to [Fe(CN)6]4–

, [Fe(CN)6]3–, [FeF6]3–, [Zn(NH3)4]2+, [NiCl4]2–, [Ni(H2O)4]2+ and [Ni(CN)4]2– and its
limitations. Crystal field theory with reference to octahedral, tetrahedral and square
planar complexes. Calculation of crystal field stabilization energy, colour and magnetic
properties of metal complexes. Determination of magnetic moments using Guoy
method, stability constant, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with respect
to the nature of metal ion and ligand.
Chelates-definition, characteristics, factors influencing the stability of metal chelates and
importance of chelates.

Unit - II
1. Solids: 4 hrs
Review of definition of space lattice, unit cell, calculation of particles per unit cell.
Laws of crystallography, Symmetry elements in crystals. X-Ray diffraction of crystals.
Derivation of Bragg’s equation. Determination of the structure of NaCl by rotating
crystal method.

2. Organometallic Compounds : 3 hrs

Definition, egs. (Ferrocene, Ziese salt), structure and bounding and applications of
organo aluminum and organo lithium compounds. Applications of Cis –platin in
cancer therapy, Na Ca EDTA in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning (Pb and Hg).
Wilkinson’s catalyst in alkene hydrogenation, role of cyclocobalamine in living systems.

TOTAL: 14 hrs

29
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit - I
1. Carbohydrates: 5 hrs
(Review: Definition and classification of carbohydrates) Osazone formation, epimers and
epimerization. Inter conversion of fructose and glucose. Kilianis synthesis and Ruff’s
degradation. Ring structure of D – glucose, muta rotation, determination of ring size of D
– glucose by Haworth – Hirst method. Perspective formula of D – glucose.
Metabolism: Glycolysis and its reversal: TCA cycle. Relation between Glycolysis and
respiration. Principles of bio energetic, electron transport chain and oxidative
phosporylation .

Unit - II

1. Amino acids: 4 hrs

Introduction, stereochemistry of amino acids, synthesis of amino acids from Gabriel –
Phthalimide synthesis, Strecker’s synthesis. Ninhydrin reactions. Peptides – definition,
Bergman’s synthesis of simple dipeptides.
2. Vitamins, Hormones and Lipids: 5 hrs
Vitamins: Introduction, Van – drops synthesis of vitamin – A and synthesis of vitamin –
C from D-glucose.
Hormones: Definition, classification with examples. Functions of hormones and their
deficiency, Diseases due to deficiency of hormones. Synthesis of adrenaline and
thyroxin.
Lipids: Introduction, classification – neutral lipids, phosphor lipids
(lecithines, cephalins, plasmalogens) and glycolipids – important synthesis
and degradation.

TOTAL: 14 hrs

30
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit - I

1. ElectromotiveForce(EMF) 11 hrs

Reversible and irreversible cells. EMF of chemical cell and its measurements by
potentiometer, standard cell (weston standard cell). Types of electrodes - Reference
electrode - Calomel electrode. Sign convention. Electro chemical series and its
applications. Determination of pH of solution by hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone and
glass electrode. Methods - electrolyte concentration cell with and without transference,
liquid junction potential, salt bridge and its applications. Applications of concentration
cells – determination of solubility and potentiometric titrations (acid base). Calculation of
Ka and redox titrations, determination of redox potential. Numerical problems.

Unit - II 3 hrs

1. Symmetry and group theory

Introduction, symmetry operations –types
1) Identity
2) n-fold rotations
3) Reflections
4) Invertions
5) Improper n-fold rotation with one example each.

Classifications of symmetry of molecules

Groups - properties of groups, point groups Eg.- Ammonia (C3V) group representation
table. Applications of group theory.

TOTAL: 14 hrs

31
 Practicals Paper –I

Inorganic Chemistry

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks : 15
I. Volumetric Estimation: Given solution to be diluted to 100ml and 10ml.
be used for estimation.
1. Preparation of aqueous Iron (III) solution from haematite ore or solid Fe2O3 and
estimation of percentage of iron in the solution using standard K2CrO7 solution (internal
indicator method).
2. Preparation of aqueous solution of Cu and Zn from brass and estimation of percentage of
Cu in the solution using standard Na2S2O3 solution.
3. Preparation of Calcium Chloride solution from limestone and estimation of percentage of
calcium in the solution by oxalate method.
4. Estimation of Zinc using decinormal solution of potassium ferrocyanide solution.
Standardization of the titrate is to be done with standard ZnSO4 solution.

II. Gravimetric Estimations:

5. Estimation of Barium as BaSO4
6. Estimation of Al as Al2O3
7. Estimation of Fe as Fe2O3
8. Estimation of Pb as PbSO4

III. Preparation and determination of percentage yield of the following

compounds: (Demonstration)
9. Ni-DMG complex.
10. Cis-Trans Bis oxalate diaqua chromate (III)
11. Hexamine cobalt (II) chloride.

IV. Ion exchange process: (Demonstration)

12. Separation of Mg (II) and Fe (II) by ion exchange method.

Industrial study tour report or project work report is compulsory in VI Semester. The
report carries 10 marks and it should be submitted in inorganic chemistry practicals (6.3-
Lab Course).

V. Projects:
1. Soil Analysis.
2. Water Analysis
3. Sewage water treatment and management.
4. Ion exchange method
5. Chromatography.
6. Crystalization and essay.

32
 7. Preparation of organic compound/ complex compound ad essay.
8. Effect of pesticides and insecticides.
9. Milk analysis.
10.Preparation of pharmaceutical compounds and essay.
11.Chemical processes in
i) Textile Industries
ii) Fertilizer Industries
iii) Chemical industries
iv) Sugar industries
v) Oil industries
vi) Liquor industries
vii) Ceramic industries
viii) Dairy industries

B.Sc. VI Semester Paper – I

Scheme of Evaluation

Experiments on Inorganic Chemistry (Volumetric/Gravimetric):

1. The candidates should perform 10 experiments.

2. Practical examination is of 4 hours duration.
3. The candidate has to score minimum 50% marks for passing the practical examination.
4. Continuous internal practical assessment (5 + 10) : 15 marks
5. Semester end practical examination should be conducted for 35marks

I. Inorganic Volumetric Analysis:

Distribution of marks: Distribution of marks:

1. Accuracy (Titrate Values 2X8) : 16

2. Proper Technique & Calculation : 04
3. Practical Record : 04
4. Viva-voce : 04
5. Tour/Project Report : 07

Total = 35 marks

Variation of experimental Marks

results
+ 0.2 cc 16
+ 0.4 cc 14
+ 0.6 cc 12
+ 0.8 cc 08
+ 1.0 cc and above 00
33
II. Inorganic Gravimetric Analysis:

Distribution of 35 marks:

1. Accuracy : 16
2. Technique and Calculation : 04
3. Practical record : 04
4. Viva-voce : 04
5. Tour/Project : 07
Total = 35 marks

Scheme of Marking:

Variation of experimental Marks

results
Less than 6mg 16
7 - 8 mg 14
9 – 10 mg 12
10-12 mg 08
Above 12 mg 00

34
 B. Sc. VI Semester Paper–II
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

No.of hours per week: 3 Theory: 70 Marks

Total No. of hours : 42 I.A: 30 Marks

Unit - I
1. Analytical Chemistry: 8 hrs

Chromatography: Definition, classification

Column chromatography Principle and applications
Paper chromatography. Principles, types, applications and significance
of Rf value.
Ion Exchange chromatography : Principle, Types of Ion exchange
resins, basic requirements of useful resins determination of Chlorides by ion
exchange method.
High performance liquid chromatography : Principle, instrumentation
and application.
Gas chromatography: Advantages, principle, instrumentation and
applications
Unit - II

a) Flame Photometry: Principle, instrumentation and application. Flame Photometric

determination of Na & K 2 hrs
b) Electrogravimetry: Principle, instrumentation and application. Electrogravimetric
estimation of Cu. 2 hrs
c) Thermogravimetry: Principle and application of Thermo-analytical methods (TG
& DTA) 2 hrs

TOTAL: 14 hrs

35
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit - I
1. NMR Spectroscopy: 5 hrs

Basic Principles of NMR, nuclear shielding and deshielding, chemical shift and
molecular structure. Spin – spin splitting and coupling constant. Areas of signals.
Interpretation of PMR structure of simple organic molecules such as ethyl bromide,
ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, toluene, aceto phenone and acetaldehyde. Brief idea
of C – 13 NMR with simple examples such as acetaldehyde and aceto phenone.

Unit - II
1. Drugs: 6 hrs
Definition and classification. Requirement of an ideal drug. Structural and therapeutic
use of
1) Analgesic and antipyretic : ibuprofen and diclofena sodium.
2) Anti bacterial : Sulphadizine and sulpthiazole
3) Anti malarial : Chloroquine
4) Anti Biotic: Chloramphenicol
5) Tranquilizers : Mysoline and Pentothal sodium.
6) Local Anesthetic : Novacaine
7) Anti histamines : Chloropheniramine maleate
8)Synthesis of Chloroquine and Novacaine

2. Terpenes: 3 hrs
Classification, isoprene rule, special isoprene rule, constitution and synthesis of citral
and α - terpinol.

TOTAL: 14 hrs

36
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit - I
1. Quantum Chemistry 5 hrs
Black body radiation. Planck’s theory. Einstein’s theory. Photoelectric effect. Compton
effect. Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom (interpretation of spectrum, no derivation for
energy). Sommerfield theory, wave particle duality, de-Broglie’s hypothesis (derivation),
Heisenberg’s Uncertainity principle (derivation and problems), wave nature of electron.
Schrodinger’s wave equation (derivation). Wave function and its interpretation. Eigen
function and Eigen values.

Unit - II
1. Macro molecules 5 hrs
Types of polymers – natural and synthetic. Types of poly reactions – chain reaction.
Molecular weight of polymers. Number average and weight average molecular mass.
Determination of molecular mass of macro molecules by
1) Osmotic pressure method 2) Viscosity method.

2. Nanochemistry 4 hrs

Definition, theory and types and its applications. Nano particles - Carbon Nano tubes and
gold, silver and other nano particles – synthesis and purification of carbon nano tubes,
single – walled carbon nano tubes and multi walled carbon nano tubes, physical properties
and applications.

TOTAL: 14 hrs

37
 Practicals Paper –II
Organic/Physical

Duration : 4 hrs Marks : 35

Internal Marks : 15
Organic Experiments
1. Estimation of Phenol
2. Estimation of Aniline
3. Estimation of Acetamide.
4. Estimation of Carboxylic acid.
5. Estimation of Aspirin.
6. Estimation of Glucose by Benedict’s reagent.

Physical Experiments

1. Determination of the concentrations of given acids in a mixture (HCl + CH3COOH)

conductometrically using the standard NaOH.
2. Determination of solubility of sparingly soluble salt (BaSO4) conductometrically.
3. Determination of Beer-Lambert’s law by colorimetric method and calculation of molar
extinction coefficient , FeCl3 . Determination of unknown concentration of the solution.
4. Determination of concentration of FeSO4.7H2Osolution (0.1N) by potentiometric titration
against the standard solution of K2Cr2O7 (0.1 N).
5. To determine the percentage composition of unknown mixture of A and B liquids using
Abbe’s refractometer (formula and graphical method).
6. Determination of specific rotation of Sucrose solution by polarimeter.
7. Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts (silver
halides) potentiometrically.

38
 B.Sc. VI Semester Paper – II
Scheme of Evaluation

Organic Chemistry

Distribution of Practical marks:

1. Internal Assessment : 15 marks

2. Organic Estimations : 35 marks

Distribution of marks:

a. Accuracy – Main titration reading (2X10m) : 14

b. Accuracy – Blank titration reading (2X7m) : 08
c. Calculations : 04
d. Practical Record : 04
e. Viva-Voce : 05
Total = 35 marks

Deviation up to :

Variation of experimental Main titre Blank titre

results
+ 0.2 cc 14 marks 08 marks
+ 0.3 cc 12 marks 06 marks
+ 0.4 cc 10 marks 04 marks
+ 0.5 cc 08 marks 02 marks
> 0.5 cc 00 marks 00 marks

39
 Physical Chemistry

1. Practical Internal Test (conducted for 35 marks and reduced to 10 marks) : 10 Marks
CIA : 05 Marks
Total : 15 Marks

2.Practical Internal Test distribution of Marks conducted to 35

3.Accuracy : 16
4.Proper Technique : 06
5.Graph and Calculation : 05
6.Viva Voce : 04
7.Journal : 04
Total = 35 marks
Scheme of Marking:

Deviation up to:

1. Up to 10% - 16 marks
2. 11 – 15% - 12 marks
3. 16 – 20% - 08 marks
4. 21 – 25% - 04 marks
5. Above 25% - 00

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Reference books:
Inorganic Chemistry

1. 1.J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Blackwell Science, London, (Revised)
2. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Guas, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John
Wiley, (Revised)
3. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Shoban Lal
Nagin Chand and Co. (Revised)
4. Concise Inorganic Chemistry- J.D.Lee, Blackwell Science (5th Edition),
5. Environment al Chemistry-A.K.De,Wiley Eastern Ltd., (Revised)
6. Nuclear and radiation chemistry-Sharma B.K, Goel Publishing House, (Revised)
7. Principles of Inorganic chemistry-B.R.Puri and L.R.Sharma, Jauher, S.P. – S.N.
Chand & Co. (Revised)
8. Chemistry - P.Atkins & L Jones, W.H. Freeman & Co., (3rd edition),

Organic Chemistry

1. Organic Chemistry (Vol.1 & 2)-I.L. Finar, ELBS,

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry- C.S.Bahl and A. Bahl, S Chand & Co.,
3. Organic Chemistry - R. T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice Hall,
4. Modern Organic Chemistry - R.O.C. Norman and D.J. Waddington, ELBS,
5. Understanding Organic reaction mechanisms - A. Jacobs, Cambridge Univ. Press,
6. Organic Chemistry - L.Ferguson, Von Nostrand,
7. Organic Chemistry - M.K.Jain, Nagin & Co.,
8. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry - P. Sykes, Orient Longman.
9. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Printice-Hall Of India
Limited, New Delhi,
10. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, John Wiley And Sons, New
York.
11.E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilers, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
12. P. S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern
Ltd.

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Physical Chemistry

1. B.R. Puri and L.R. Sharma, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin chand
and Co. 33rd edition.
2. Irving M. Klotz and Robert M. Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics, John Wiley and
sons, Inc.
3. J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose, Thermodynamics, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and CO.
4. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-2 and 3) Macmillan, India
Ltd,
5. The Elements of Physical Chemistry (3rd edition) - Peter Atkins, Oxford Univ. Press.
6. Introduction to Physical Chemistry (3rd edition), Mark Ladd, Cambridge Low –
priced edition.
7. Text Book of physical chemistry - S. Glasstone, Mackmillan India Ltd.
8. Principles of Physical Chemistry - B. R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S.Patania, S.L.N.
Chand & Co.
9. Basic Physical chemistry - Walter J. Moore, Prentice Hall.
10.Nanochemistry by Kenneth.J. Klabunde
11.Concepts of nanochemistry by Ludovico cademartiri and Geoffrey. A. ozin
12.Basics of nanochemistry by Mamata .V. Sachdeva
13.Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology by Chattopadhyay.
14.Nanoscience and Technology by Muralidharan .V.S and Subramania .A.
Reference Books for Practicals
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis - J Bassett, R. C. Denney,
G.H.Jeffery and J.Mendham, ELBS.
2. Practical Inorganic Chemistry - G. Marr and B.W. Rackett, Von Nostrand
Reinhold.
3. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry – A.I. Vogel,
4. A Handbook of Organic Analysis – Clarke and Hayes
5. Experiments in Physical chemistry - Shoemaker and Garland, McGraw Hill International
edn
6. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry (Part II), S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt.
7. N.S. Ganapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry – Lab manual,
S.Viswanathan Co. Pvt.,
8. Gurthu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry (Organic),
S. Chand and Co.,

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