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KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK

(HOLISTIC NURSING CARE)

Kusman Ibrahim, Ph.D


Fakultas Keperawatan – Universitas Padjadjaran
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN

• Mendiskusikan pentingnya keperawatan


holistik
• Mendiskusikan konsep keperawatan holistik
• Mendiskusikan landasan keperawatan
holistik
• Mendiskusikan pendekatan holistik pada
kehidupan, sehat, dan sakit
• Mendiskusikan bagaimana perawat dapat
memfasilitasi healing
• Mendiskusikan implikasi bagi perawat
PENDAHULUAN

Perkembangan
Tuntutan dan pelayanan
kebutuhan kesehatan
masyarakat
Kompleksitas
masalah
kesehatan
TELE - ICU

PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI
DAMPAK

Semakin cepat
dan akurat
intervensi
+

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Fokus aspek Fokus aspek
teknis fisik/biologis
prosedural > klien >
PENDEKATAN HOLISTIK

Diajarkan sejak masa Florence Nightingale (1820-


1910)

Fokus keperawatan: keutuhan klien sebagai manu-


sia (unity), kesehatan/kebaikan (wellness), dan hu-
bungan timbal balik antara manusia & lingkungan

Sembuh dengan bahagia, atau meninggal secara


bermakna, kepuasan terhadap layanan
keperawatan
KONSEP KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK

“holistic” (Yunani) = “holos (whole, wholism)” =


satu kesatuan yang utuh (Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2000)

“praktik keperawatan yang menekankan pada


penyembuhan (healing) dari manusia secara utuh
yang meliputi aspek badan (body), jiwa (spirit), dan
pikiran (mind) (AHNA, 2007)

Homeostasis is a state of health and harmony, the


body defense system acts properly (Mizrahi, 2004)
LANDASAN KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK

Self-care

Self-healing Intentionality

Mindfulness Presence

(Hess, Bark, & Southhard, 2010)


KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK
• KH memperhatikan hubungan
antara badan, pikiran, dan jiwa
dalam suatu lingkungan yang
berubah (Keegan, 2000)

• Kesehatan merupakan hasil


dari suatu keseimabangan
antara kebutuhan fisik,
psikologis-emosional, sosial
dan spiritual (AHNA, 1993)
Holistic Nursing
KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK
• Healing merupakan tujuan utama dari KH
• Healing is the return toward the natural state
of integrity and wholeness of an individual;
the process of bringing together aspects of
one’s self, body-mind-spirit toward
integration and balance
• Healing and curing are different processes,
healing may occur without curing, curing
may or may not be possible, but healing is
always possible (Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2005)
KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK

• The holistic nurse is an instrument of healing and


a facilitator in the healing process.
• Holistic nursing practice draws on nursing
knowledge, theories, research, expertise,
intuition, and creativity.
• Practicing holistic nursing requires nurses to
integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality,
self-reflection that lead to greater awareness of
the interconnectedness with self, others, nature,
and God/Life Force/ Absolute/Transcendent.
(Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2005)
PENDEKATAN HOLISTIK PADA
KEHIDUPAN, SEHAT, DAN SAKIT
Energi (Qi) merupakan sumber kekuatan vital
yang menghubungkan manusia dengan alam
semesta

Energi mengalir diseluruh tubuh melalui


beberapa saluran yand disebut “meridians”

Sakit adalah suatu keadaan ketidakhar-


monisan, sistem pertahanan tubuh tidak bisa
berfungsi dengan baik
PENDEKATAN HOLISTIK PADA
KEHIDUPAN, SEHAT, DAN SAKIT

Tubuh memiliki kemampuan untuk


penyembuhan sendiri

Mikroorganisme bukan penyebab sakit, sakit


merupakan pertanda untuk melihat kembali
cara hidup

Keadaan sakit menunjukkan adanya


hambatan pada aliran energi
Apa yang dilakukan?

Mengembalikan agar energi bisa


berfungsi semestinya

Membuka aliran energi yang


tersumbat di meridian

Memperkuat sistem pertahanan


tubuh
Bagaimana perawat memfasilitasi
healing?
▪ Creating a sacred space for
healing to happen
▪ Intentional use of the self as
healer
▪ Creating rituals of centering
and releasing
▪ The caring touch
(Quinn, 2000)
Use of presence in nursing
care
▪ Presence is more than a nurse’s
being with a patient physically
▪ Patients recognize the value
nurses who are present with
their whole beings and are
attuned to patients’ needs and
concerns
Caring presence: providing a safe space
for patients (Covington, 2005)

Three themes:
1. Mutual trust
and sharing
2. Transcendent
connectedness
3. Metaphysical
experience.
Nurses pray: Use of prayer and spirituality
in the Intensive Care setting

▪ Start your day with prayer


▪ Work purposively with your patients
▪ Touch during the interactions
▪ Identify the patients’ favorite
spiritual reading or prayer
▪ Be generous with silence
▪ Keep prayers realistic
▪ Acknowledge the spirit in everyone
(Murray cited in Ashly, 2000)
The impact of foot massage and guided
relaxation following cardiac surgery: a
randomized controlled trial

▪ There was a significant


effect on the calm scores
(ANOVA, p=0.014)
▪ Improve psychological
well-being
(Hattan, King, & Griffiths, 2002) .
Healing touch: applications in the
Acute care setting
▪ For pain management
▪ Anxiety reduction
▪ Postoperative recovery and wound
healing
▪ Immune system enhancement
▪ Depression
▪ Promote a sense of well-being
▪ HT stimulates the natural healing
ability . It provides a means to
connect with patients, heart to
heart (Umbreit, 2000)
.
IMPLICATION TO NURSES

Skills necessary to apply Holistic approach:


▪ Sensitivity and openness
▪ Harmonious relationships
▪ Communication and active listening
▪ Mind-Body connection
▪ Therapeutic presence (use of all personal
resources of mind body spirit)
▪ Creating a healing environment
Terima kasih

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