St.

Bridget College
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
Batangas City

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction:

"There is nothing more beautiful than someone who gets out of their

way to make life beautiful for others", (Hale,2017). Helping other people

means to give happiness to them which should be the purpose of life. There

are several ways and numerous styles to aid people who are in need of help.

Badjao is one of the prominent ethnic groups in the Philippines that is

from the islands of Mindanao. Badjaos are widely known as the "Sea

Gypsies" of the Sulu and Celebes Seas. They are found living on

houseboats where they make their livelihood solely on the sea as expert

fishermen, deep sea divers and navigators (Peralta,2002).

Being sea travelers, they have also reached different places across the

country and one of which is Batangas City. In the recent years that passed

and in the present time, many Badjaos are seen in various locations in the

city of Batangas. People usually see them in the streets, parks and even

churches asking for alms. Some are threatened by them but many also

reach out and help them.

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Batangas City

A number of Badjaos formed the Badjao Community in Batangas City.

It is located in Barangay Malitam and Barangay Wawa. According to the

people from Barangay Malitam, Badjaos who live there were only few before

but when they thought about the opportunities that are present in Batangas

City, they started to multiply until majority of the people who live in their

barangay are members of the said ethnic group. The mothers or women do

not usually work but the father does to aid their needs. The community is

near the sea that is why fishing is their most common livelihood. However,

the money that they earn is not enough for them resulting to insufficient

budget allocated to provide proper education to their children. Numerous

livelihood programs like candle making and soap-making were implemented

in the Badjao Community before but different projects are still hoped to be

done for the group.

This study is made to assess the financial status and capacity and the

level of interest the Badjaos have for small scale businesses that can be an

avenue for them to have additional source of income. Additionally, this is

made to know what livelihood program may be suitable for the Badjao

community.

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Batangas City

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the financial status and

capacity and the level of interest they have for small scale businesses that

can be an avenue for them to have additional source of income.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the sources of income and usual expenses of the Badjaos in

Brgy. Malitam, Batangas City?

2. To what extent are they interested to the idea of an alternative source of

income.

3. What are the resources available in their community that can be used as

capital of a small scale business?

4. Based on the findings, what livelihood program can be offered to them?

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Batangas City

SCOPE, DELIMITATION AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is focused on assessing the financial status and capacity

and the level of interest they have for small scale businesses that can be an

avenue for them to have additional source of income. Also, the researchers

seek to inquest the participants aging 13 to 50 years old of their willingness

to enhance their skills and adopt new things for living. The research covers

the financial profile and transactions of the Badjao from Barangay Malitam,

Batangas City as the main target participants in the study.

Although the research was cautiously being prepared, there were still

some limitations that the researchers experienced and might experience

during the study. First, the research will only be conducted in the span of

three months. Second, the target participants were not literate enough to

answer some questions that are needed in the assessment. Third, some

Badjaos might not participate and give no attention in the process of

researching. Lastly, the researchers plans to have a seven days immersion

in the Badjao community in Brgy. Malitam, Batangas City, the doubt that the

Badjaos might act differently or awkwardly while the assessment was being

fulfilled also limits the study.

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Batangas City

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is assumed to determine the financial

status of the Badjao Community in Barangay Malitam, Batangas City.

Through the survey that will be conducted, this paper may be able to adjudge

how Badjaos live and their capacity to survive every day with sufficient

goods and resources. Different ways to provide help to them may be

formulated through the information and date that will be gathered.

Through this paper, the researchers hope to propose a concrete

financial activity to the Badjaos at the end of the research proper for it seeks

to discover the level of interest the Badjao Community has in putting up a

business that can be an additional source of income.

The study seeks to decipher the lifestyle of the Badjao and the

determinants on how come they be short of financial assistance for their

family. This research is not intended for the Badjao community in Batangas

City alone but may serve as a valuable contribution to students, Non-

government organizations and other foundations that plans a good cause

for the Badjaos in the said area and could similarly be in the Badjaos living

in different parts of the country. Through this, they may easily asses the

needs of the community and provide a larger scale of outputs for them.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
Batangas City

Moreover, this study may help as a benchmark of researchers who are

interested in the area to extend it further.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
Batangas City

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the

thorough and in-depth search done by the researchers which explores the

Badjaos. This part of the study discussed the Badjaos’ interest to have a

small scale business that can be an avenue for them to have additional

source of income. This study accounts the works that has been published

on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers.

Conceptual Literature

Life of the badjaos

According to Maglonzo (2015), Badjaos in the community hardly find

work because they did not finish schooling. Badjaos experience

discrimination and self-fulfilling prophecy. The interaction with other people

is difficult because of a language barrier. Moral and financial support is

needed to continue their education. They pay five pesos per jar oil in order

to light their house in the evening. They have to sleep early and stop all their

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Batangas City

activities by the tie their light runs out. They hardly focus on studying their

subjects because of lack of electricity.

Additionally, the community is also beset with social problems, due to

lack of jobs. The barangay government is concerned to some issues of the

Badjaos such as petty crimes, family disputes, waste management and even

teenage pregnancies. Badjaos are known to sail hundreds of kilometers to

look for a better life but opportunities are not that much plenty. The only thing

that they need if to survive (School of Environmental Science and

Management, 2017)

Moreover, according to School of Environmental Science and

Management (2017), the main source of livelihood of the Badjaos is fishing,

however, some are already employed. The newer generation of the Badjaos

are literate unlike their parents due to easier access to education.

Unstable source of income and poverty

According to Flestado (2017), Badjaos have to finance their

physiological or survival needs such as food, water, and shelter. Since

fishing is their major source of income, disaster like strong typhoon, and

decline in fish catch due to water pollution are threats to their livelihood. Male

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Batangas City

respondents seek assistance from the government to support their fishing

activity by providing them training and capacity building skills such as banca-

making. Organizing them into a registered fishermen group will also give

them assurance that they will not be caught and prevented from fishing by

the Bantay Dagat Volunteers and other marine law-implementing bodies.

More mothers want to be sponsored by the government as members

of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The financial assistance

has a great impact for their family in terms of sending their children to school,

and providing food for the table.

Respondents expect the government to give them jobs. They reiterate that

most of them hardly find work because they have not finished schooling.

Other people do not trust them for the misconception such as being

“illiterate”, “thieves”, “unclean”, “disrespectful”, and “mean”.

They are saddened that they have to ask for alms to sustain their

needs. They are desperate to find a stable source of income that they are

contented to receive tasks such as a street sweeper, garbage collector,

vendor, dish washer, and household helper. For them, to earn income to eat

for a day is more than enough. Badjaos are trapped in the poverty cycle-

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Batangas City

unstable source of income makes them poor and poverty hinders their ability

to finish education and find a work later on.

Unmanaged solid waste and degraded natural resources

Fishing is the main source of livelihood of the Badjaos. Since their

religion, culture and beliefs define what they have to eat -they only rely for

rice, fish and vegetables. Most of the them go in other places in order to

catch fish mean increased expense in fuel consumption. Water pollution is

a main contributor to the decline of collected fish in the nearby waters. They

are afraid that one day, they will no longer be able to catch fish for a living

as well as have fish for their personal consumption. In an interview, there

was a scenario that a family failed to eat for a day because the father was

unable to catch fish. To them that was a misfortune. (Flestado, 2017)

The Case of the Badjao Community in Batangas

In this side of the city, a community started with only two families two

decades ago. Now, there are more than two hundred families in the Badjao

community in Barangays Malitam and Wawa, Batangas City. According to a

news article from The Philippine star about the journey of the Badjaos in

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Basilan to Batanagas, “Their chieftain Daihari Elaji of the Samal tribe shared

with us the long and perilous journey they took from Basilan when 18 families

decided in 1983 to leave their province after constant warfare made it

impossible to live in peace. The journey by boat led to Zamboanga and on

to Cebu with various stops along the way in search for the perfect settling

ground. After Cebu came Masbate, then Sorsogon and a stay of five years.

Final stop was the coastal barangay of Simlong and on to the town of

Malitam, Barangay Wawa in Batangas where they have lived for the past 30

years.”

The Badjao had escaped oppression in Mindanao when they migrated

in Batangas but most of them remained poor. At present, they are

consciously aware that education is the most important step to improve their

economic situation. Their identity reconstruction does not lie solely on how

they perceive themselves but on how others perceive them.

The social reconstruction of the Badjao’s ethnic group identity began

soon after they made the decision to migrate to Batangas. The identity was

transformed from indigenous people to being lower class citizens; from

being boat people to being urban squatters; and from being sea nomads to

being wandering beggars.

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Batangas City

Socio-culturally, changes were in the form of dwellings (sea-based to

land-based); food preferences (root crops and fish to snack food and meat);

clothing (traditional to Western-style); leisure activities (volleyball, gambling,

drinking); language (Sinama to Tagalog); and changed from being

discriminated to being integrated. Economically, the Badjao now are pearl

vendors instead of fishermen. Christianity has replaced Islam as their

dominant faith, although Muslim customs such as avoidance of meat and

celebrating Hariraya are still practiced. Attitudes towards the Tagalogs were

positive as evidenced by the Badjao’s willingness to make friends and their

openness for intermarriage.

According to Mamerto “Miming” Marasigan, Barangay Chairman of

Brgy. Malitam, education and livelihood are very important for the stability of

the Badjao community. "Before, the community here enjoys a bountiful

harvest of marine resources, but now its dwindling", Chairman Marasigan

said. The Badjaos are now mostly harvesting small shellfish, small fishes

and few crabs in nearby mangroves, Capt. Marasigan said. The Calumpang

River mouth has widend due the onslaught of Typhoon Nina in December

2016. Some houses of the Badjaos were destroyed and they were forced to

move further inland.

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Batangas City

The Badjao community in Malitam and Wawa Batangas is a very poor

and undeveloped Community. They have poor hygiene, poor water source,

unmanaged solid waste and degraded natural resources, unimproved

bridge and lack source of electricity, poverty and illiteracy. However, he said

the Badjaos are generally peaceful. "They cooperate very well, especially

during calamities, they voluntarily evacuate especially during typhoons,

because they know they are the first one to be affected if the sea waves

become bigger", said Chairman Marasigan.

Alternative sources of income

Any legal and justifiable income that are generated through means

other than getting hired in a job are considered as an alternative source of

income. (Seattle Office for Civil Rights, 2017)

According to the Badjao Bridge, since fishing in the areas where the

Badjaos get their sources of income were banned, even in the night, young

men from this ethnic group bravely fish in the waters but for it is a risky thing

to do, many have already lost their lives. Because of this, Badjaos need to

have another income-generating activity. Moreover, Badjaos who find

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Batangas City

alternative sources of income tried to produce and market accessories but

these are being hampered by some people. Their goods are often taken

from them which makes their savings spent on supplies be put into waste.

(Badjao Bridge)

Sustainable Livelihood Programs in the Philippines

According to the Social Protection for Employment Community

(2016), a Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) is, “a community-based

capacity building program that aims to improve the socio-economic condition

of their participants through micro-enterprise development and employment

facilitation activities”. Such programs are implemented to elevate

employment and entrepreneurial opportunities. Additionally, to provide and

improve economic activities like “skills training, seed capital fund, pre-

employment assistance fund, and the cash for building livelihood assets”

(Official Gazette, 2015) . Furthermore, the participants in SLPs are the

people who benefit from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programs,

persons with disabilities, senior citizens, people who are affected by a

certain disaster, other vulnerable and poor families in the community.

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Batangas City

To create the input, output, outcome and impact is the objective of a

sustainable livelihood program. Firstly, input refers to the people who work

behind all the activities or manpower, resources that provide the needs of

the activity or funds, and strategies which are the systems and structure.

Secondly, the output is when a community is given livelihood activities and

the members of it are encouraged and captivated by livelihood offers.

Thirdly, the outcome that is hoped to be achieved is the participation of the

members of the community in great and truly sustainable livelihood. Lastly,

development in the state of living or economics sufficiency of families with

inadequate economics needs is the goal impact of SLPs (Social Protection

for Employment Community, 2016). There are numerous SLPs already

present in the Philippines. One of these was conducted in Taytay, Palawan.

It was the training of seaweed culture system, seaweed drying, packing, and

marketing, and coastal resource management which increased the

productivity of this livelihood in the said place (Coderes, 2015). Another is

the skills training on Hair Dressing, Nail Care and Foot Spa in Barangay

Bato, Bayabas, Binugao, Lubogan and Marapangi, Davoa City. The

beneficiaries completed the Beauty Care NC II of TESDA and now earning

from their newly-acquired craft (Duron, 2016). Also, venturing into general

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merchandise is one SLP. In Bantolinao in Sibagat, Agusan del Sur, a group

Manobos benefitted in this activity (Jumawan, 2012). Furthermore, there are

various activities offered in different locations in the country- from hog

raising, poultry raising to national rice program and production of organic

fertilizers (DOLE, 2013).

Livelihood Programs offered to the Badjao Community

Badjaos are also offered livelihood projects. One of which was a ten-

day orientation regarding mat-weaving. This was conducted through the

[former] Department of Labor and Employment secretary Rosalind

Dimapilis-Buldoz. She stated that the Badjao’s traditional mat-weaving be a

source of income, jobs and even be a help to increase the self-esteem of

the mentioned group. She also encouraged them to plant pandan for them

to a have a staple source of pandan leaves for their mat-weaving. Planting

pandan may also be another income-generating project (Bureau of Workers

with Special Concern, 2014).

On the other hand, there is also a Badjao group called Badjao

Community Livelihood Cooperative Program (BCLCP) that lends a hand to

the members of the ethnic group. It gives starting capital for the businesses

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being put up by the Badjaos and even supports children’s education. Not

only that, they also organize seminars to evaluate the needs of the

community before approving loans and to provide them prior background

about the objectives and guidelines of the programs, reminders in terms of

payment and tips on how to grow small businesses (Born Again Badjao

Church).

Furthermore, according to the City Environment and Natural

Resources Office (ENRO) research initiative in Badjao Community held at

Barangay Malitam, and Wawa, Batangas City last June 25, 2014 - July 4

,2014, their research may be a first step in implementing the Ala Eh! Bangon

Badjao, a Community- based Natural Resources Management Program in

the Badjao Community. This program is an approach to conservation and

development that recognizes the rights of local people to manage and

benefit from the management and use of natural resources. Ala Eh! Bangon

Badjao is a call to action long term campaign to augment the current

situation of the well said group of Badjao in terms of sustainable

development.

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Conceptual Framework

The diagram shown in Figure 1 is the Research Paradigm using Input-

Process-Output model that gave the summary of the research study. The

three boxes are interconnected. The input entails the variables about the

personal information, such as their name, sex and civil status as well as the

current status that the researchers discovered. On the other hand, the

process includes the researcher’s gathered data with the use of survey

method. The output of the study is to propose program to help the

respondents in terms of their present situation.

1. The profile of Collection Proposal for a

Badjaos and their Analysis of Data Livelihood
sources of income Gathered thru Program to help
2. The extent of the Badjaos in
interest of the Conducting Barangay Malitam
Badjaos Survey by the use Batangas City in
of questionnaires their present
situation

Input Process Output

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

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Batangas City

Definition of Terms

To assist the readers in understanding the study, the definitions of the

following terms are defined according to their conceptual and operational

definition:

Badjao. It refers to the "Sea Gypsies" of the Sulu and Celebes Seas

(Cultural Center of the Philippines Encyclopedia, 1992). In this study, it

refers to the respondents.

Financial Status. It refers on how strong a person's or company's financial

situation (Cambridge Business English Dictionary,2017). In this study, it

refers to the status of the Badjaos in terms of financial capability.

Income. It refers to the monetary payment received for goods or services or

from other sources, as rents and investments (Online Etymology Dictionary,

2010). In this study, it refers to the salary of the Badjaos from their jobs.

Livelihood. It refers to a means of supporting one's existence especially

financially or vocationally (Online Etymology Dictionary, 2010). In this study,

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it refers to the program which will be implemented for the Badjaos to have

an alternative source of income.

Mendicancy. It refers to the condition of being a beggar or the practicing of

begging (Merriam Webster). In this study, it refers to the source of income

of the Badjaos.

Resources. It refers to a source of supply, support, or aid, especially one

that can be readily drawn upon when needed (Online Etymology Dictionary,

2010). In this study, it refers to the assets of the Badjaos that can be used

as a capital for the small business.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

The credibility of findings and conclusions extensively depend on the

quality of the research design, data collection, data management and data

analysis. This chapter is dedicated to the description of the methods and

procedures done in order to obtain the data, how they were analyzed,

interpreted, and how the conclusions were met. This section justifies the

means in which the study was obtained and helped in giving its purpose and

strength as it then be truthful and analytical. All these helped in the

formulation of conclusions.

Specifically, this research covers the following research design and

method, the interviewees or subjects to be studied, the data collection

instrument, and data analysis will be presented.

The study adopt a quantitative research design that be relevantly

useful to assess the financial status, capacity and the interest the Badjaos

have for small scale businesses. The results from this research through

survey conductions, questionnaires and interviews could be a basis for their

possible alternative source of income. These techniques will be appropriate

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considering the large number of participants that could be the primary

sources of information that are significant to the assessment of their

knowledge in various income generating activities as well as to the Badjao

community in Batangas City.

Research Design

This study was conducted in order to assess the financial status,

capacity and how interest are the Badjaos of having an alternative source of

income. The researchers used quantitative approach, using descriptive

method. According to Kakkar (2015), descriptive research method was used

when the researchers want to describe specific behavior as it occurs in the

environment. Also, the researchers conducted a survey as a gathering-

technique that lead to the researchers to obtained facts and information

about the Badjaos. Questionnaire and interview served as the guide to the

validity of the survey and were also used as data-gathering instrument.

Herein, the chosen interviewees were selected from Barangay Malitam

Batangas, City. The recorded interviews were then processed by observing

how they responded and how they answered for the interpretation. Related

literatures were also used to support the gathered findings.

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Subject of the Study

The respondents of the study were thirty-five Badjaos in Barangay

Malitam, Batangas City.

Data Gathering Instrument

A guided survey is any activity that collects information in an

organized, more hands on and methodical manner about characteristics of

interest of a population using well-defined concepts, methods and

procedures, and compiles such information into a useful summary form. The

use of guided survey as a data collection method for the Badjao community

assumed that the participants’ perceptions are meaningful, knowledgeable,

and able to made explicit through the guide of the researchers that further

explained concepts and approaches that prevent them from being confused

and uncertained, and that their perspectives were greatly valued in the

success of the research. In the execution of guided survey, questions

provided in the questionnaires were in English and Tagalog form and

questions were in a nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio level of

measurement, the researchers read the questions and choices and

explained it thoroughly for the assured responses of the participant’s. By this

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way of data collection, members of the Badjao community gave the

researchers direct and clear information about their life cycle, their

perspectives and their financial status. It is also a way to determine the

programs that are suitable and sustainable to their community.

Particularly we used books; for an academic basis and studies,

resource documents; for other facts and issues involving the subject, laptop

and papers; to document and create certain needs in the research, internet;

to acquire knowledge and more information in the broader world wide web

community, MS Word; a software that we used for the inputs and MS Excel

to record with an statistical view.

We saw a minimal barrier in conducting the study because some

Badjaos do not participate well in the procedures and some were not able

to answer certain questions due to language barrier but this were controlled

by formulating certain questions that are simple and answerable by a

common Badjao. Participation of the target sample depends on how the

researchers approached and guided the population.

The research involved a great value in human ethics for it implies the

reputation of the Badjao community in Batangas City. This program aims to

hone the participant’s confidence and capabilities at the end of this research.

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Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure for this study is subdivided into five

phases. In the first phase, the researchers looked for respondents in

Barangay Malitam, Batangas City who were willing to take in the study. The

second phase, the researchers had prepared a self-constructed

questionnaire. The third phase, the researchers had prepared a validation

letter of questionnaire. It was validated by Research teachers and English

teacher. The fourth phase included the preparation of the information letter

to inform the participants about the interview to be conducted and consent

form for their approval on the interview. Once the approval was obtained,

the researchers gathered data. In the last phase, survey was conducted.

With the permission of the participants, the interview was audio recorded.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical treatment of data is essential in order to make use of the

data in the right form so that appropriate conclusions and credible inferences

can be drawn. It includes “planning, designing, collecting data, analysing,

drawing meaningful interpretation and reporting of the research findings” (Ali

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and Bascar, 2016). To interpret the data effectively, the researcher

employed the following statistical treatment:

Discrete Frequency Distribution. This is the type of frequency distribution

wherein the researcher counts the number of times each value of the

variable in data is collected. This is facilitated through the technique of tally

bars in which after putting tally bars for all the values in the data; the number

of times each value is repeated will be counted and written against the

corresponding value of the variable (University of Delhi).

Ranking. To rank a set of objects is to arrange them orderly in terms of

some characteristic. It is a way of assigning a numerical value to the degree

in which the characteristic is possessed. The numbers in statistical

computations and analyses are usually uncomplicated and sometimes a set

of numerical data will be dominated by one or two large items, whereas if

the items are ranked the undue influence of these items is eliminated.

Frequently, it is possible to rank objects according to some characteristic

which is difficult or even impossible to measure (Rider, 1952).

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Percentage. Percent refers to "per hundred" and % is the symbol used to

represent percentage. (Statistics Canada, 2015). This is used to identify the

frequency counts and percentage distribution of personal related variables

of the respondents (Gerdener).

𝐹
Formula: % = × 100
𝑁

Where:

% is the percentage

F is the Frequency

N is the total number of respondents

100 is a constant value

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation regarding the

unmet monetary needs of the Badjao Community in Barangay Malitam,

Batangas City. The Badjaos living in the community were interviewed to

know their financial status and assess the right livelihood program that can

be offered to them.

To attain the specific objectives in Chapter 1, the data are presented

in tabular form with statistical interpretations and descriptive statements.

The components which were assessed are: Daily Expenses and

Sources of Income, Extent of Interest on Alternative Source of Income,

Presence and Availability of Resources and Livelihood that can be offered

to them.

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1. Daily Expenses and Sources of Income

1.1 Daily Expenses

Every one of us are spending money for our basic needs and Badjaos

are not exempted from it. They also have their daily expenses such as food,

water, fuel, clothes, allowance and educational needs, toiletries, fare,

electricity and others.

Table 1.1 illustrates the distribution of the Badjaos’ daily expenses in

terms of its corresponding frequency, percentage and rank.

Table 1

Frequency Distribution of the Daily Expenses

Frequency Percentage
Daily Expenses Rank
Distribution %
Food 35 100 1
Water 33 94.29 2
Fuel 11 31.43 8
Clothes 25 71.43 3.5
Allowance and
25 71.43 3.5
Educational Needs
Toiletries 23 65.71 6
Fare 19 54.29 7
Electricity 24 68.57 5
Others 10 28.57 9

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It can be seen from the table that among the basic needs of the

Badjaos, Food ranked first as 35 Badjaos or 100 % answered it while water

comes second garnering 33 or 94.29 %. Expense in clothes together with

the allowance and educational needs ranked 3.5 with 25 or 71.43%. 24

Badjaos or 68.57 % answered electricity and ranked fifth. Followed by,

expense in toiletries which has 23 Badjaos or 65.71 %, ranked sixth.

Expense in fare ranked seventh having 19 Badjaos or 54.29 %. The second

to the last which is the expense in fuel has 11 Badjaos or 31.43 %. Lastly,

others rank ninth which has 10 Badjaos or 28.57 %.

Most of Badjaos need food and water in order for them to survive. Like

what Flestado (2017) articulated, Badjaos have to finance their physiological

needs such as food and water that is why they are really need sources of

income to sustain their necessities. During the survey, those respondents

who picked fuel as one of their expenses have vehicles such as motorcycle.

Only 11 out of 35 need fuel and the rest which is 24, do not have any vehicles

and according to them they are using woods and charcoals for cooking and

no need to use fuel, gas or oil due to lack of stove. Aside from those

expenses, 10 Badjaos said that they also spend for health necessities. Five

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or 50% are spending for their medicines, 3 or 30% for diapers and 2 or 20%

for health check-up.

1.2 Sources of Income

Badjaos need to earn money to provide for their needs. Their usual

sources of income include selling of products, fishing, providing service and

government assistance.

Table 1.2 illustrates the distribution of Badjaos’ sources of income in

terms of its corresponding frequency distribution, percentage and rank.

Table 2

Frequency Distribution of the Sources of Income

Frequency
Sources of Income Percentage Rank
Distribution
Selling of Products 26 74.29 2
Fishing 13 37.14 3
Asking for Alms 0 0 5
Providing Service 4 11.43 4
Government
30 85.71 1
Assistance
Others 0 0 5

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It can be seen from the table that government assistance is mostly the

source of income as evidenced by 30 Badjaos or 85.71 % of the

respondents. Followed by selling of products which has 16 or 74.29% that

ranked second. Then, fishing ranked third with 13 responses or 37.14%.

Following this is providing services which has 4 or 11.43% that ranked

fourth. Lastly, no one answered asking for alms and other possible answers.

The data from the table shows that the many Badjaos are depend their

daily needs from the financial assistance given to them by the government.

Even though not all of them receive, still the majority consider this as their

main source of income. Several mothers of the family are members of the

“Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino” (4Ps) which is a program that gives financial

assistance to the indigents. It has a great impact to the Badjao families

because through this, they are able to send their children to school and

provide food for them in their tables. Moreover, seas are essential for the

Badjaos because selling of products such as bracelets, rings and necklaces

made with pearls are their second source of income and fishing comes third.

Like Flestado (2017) stated, due to their location near the sea, fishing

becomes one of their source of livelihood. However, disasters are threats to

this that is why the money that they earn from it is not sufficient. Utilizing the

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sea and its resources is not enough for the Badjaos. Hence, this statement

agrees to the Badjaos’ source of income after jobs that are related to the

seas which is providing services. They work as street sweepers, garbage

collectors, vendors, dishwashers and household helpers. Furthermore,

although people usually see them asking for alms, according to Mrs. Maribel

Ribadio, one of the residents in Barangay Malitam, Batangas City, this act

is strictly prohibited in their community. The Badjaos who do this are those

who migrated from the other parts of the country. No one in their community

intends to do this just for the sake of having money to provide for their

families. This is very contrary to what some Batangueños think.

1.3 Satisfaction on Government Assistance

Government assistance is given to poverty-stricken Filipinos such as the

Badjao Community in Batangas City. The financial assistance given to them

aids them to have the capacity to provide their daily needs. This have a

great impact to the Badjaos for according to Table 1.2, most Badjaos’ source

of income is the assistance coming from the government.

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Table 1.3 shows whether the Badjaos feel satisfied or dissatisfied with

the government assistance given to them and whether is it sufficient or not

for their needs.

Table 3

Frequency Distribution of the Satisfaction on Government Assistance

Frequency
Answer Distribution Rank
Distribution

YES 13 39.39% 2

NO 19 57.58% 1

The data reveals that 19 or 57.58 percent (%) of the respondents

show that the assistance of the government is not enough to sustain and

provide their needs. On the other hand, 13 or 39. 39 percent (%) of the

respondents say the opposite.

It can be seen from the table that most of the Badjaos still, are not

satisfied with the help granted by the government. According to one of the

respondents, there are some who are not given financial aid. It was argued

that others who receive still are not contented, much more them, who do not

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receive any at all. Although the case, majority of the population still are given

financial aid which is a big help for them, though insufficient.

2. Extent of Interest on Alternative Source of Income

2.1 Kind of Help

There are many types of help one can provide to the Badjaos. It can

be in terms of financial, food, work, business, home appliances, fishing

equipment and the likes that can aid them on a daily basis.

Table 2. 1 illustrates the kind of help they prefer to be provide to them.

The respondents answered more than one option in this question.

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Table 4

Frequency Distribution of the Kind of Help

Frequency
Kind of Help % Distribution Rank
Distribution
Financial 23 65.71 % 2
Food 21 60 % 3
Work 20 57.14 % 4
Business 24 68.57 % 1
Home Appliances 15 42. 86 % 5. 5
Fishing
15 42. 86 % 5. 5
Equipment
Others 3 8. 57 % 7

24 or 68. 57 % of the respondents need help in terms of business, 23

or 65. 71% responded financial, 21 or 60 % of the respondents need

assistance in terms of food, 20 or 57.14 percent % answered work and both

home appliances and fishing equipment gained 15 votes or 42. 86 percent

% each while 3 or 8. 57 percent % of respondents answered others which

are not included in the choice which are help in terms of electricity, education

and medicine.

Furthermore, most Badjaos do not have high educational attainment

and thus, fixed and low compensation is most likely to be given to them.

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Unlike in business, there are more opportunities of gaining higher income.

Moreover, according to Badjao Bridge, fishing in the some areas where the

Badjaos get their sources of income were banned. As a result, fishing

equipment ranked fifth in the given choices. Some of them do not intend to

sell fishes anymore that is why their own tools for fishing are enough to catch

other sea animals as their food. With that, putting up a business is the most

effective among all to sustain their basic necessities as it can fulfill all the

other kinds of help showed in the table.

2.2 Interest on Alternative Source of Income

Venturing in an alternative source of income become present in

people’s mind once they realize their primary income-generating activities

are inadequate to support their personal and their family needs. Badjao’s

interest in business as seen in Table 2.2 could possible mean that they are

into other profitable works.

Table 2.2 shows whether the Badjaos are engrossed in starting an

alternative source of income.

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Table 5

Frequency Distribution of the Interest on Alternative Source of

Income

Answer Frequency Distribution Percentage

Yes 34 97.14
No 1 2.86

Out of 35, 34 or 97.14% of the respondents answered “Yes” which

means that they are interested to have an alternative source of income while

only one pertaining to 2.86% responded that he or she is not interested.

Most Badjaos are interested because they find their sources of income

insufficient for them to be able to consistently attain their daily needs.

2.3 Level of Interest on Alternative Source of Income

As Table 2.2 shows, the Badjaos are interested in an alternative

source of income. However, the question, “How interested are them?”

should be asked to find out their willingness in understanding and starting

up the concept.

Table 2.3 presents the level of interest of the Badjaos on alternative

source of income. There are five levels which corresponds to the following:

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1- Not Very Interested, 2-Close to Interested, 3-Either Interested or

Uninterested, 4-Somewhat Interested and 5-Very Interested.

Table 6

Frequency Distribution of the Level of Interest on Alternative Source

of Income

Level of Interest Frequency Distribution Percentage

1 1 2.94%
2 1 2.94%
3 4 11.76%
4 1 2.94%
5 27 79.41%

27 or 79.41% out of 34 said that they are very interested (5) while 4

or 11.76% told that they are either interested or uninterested (3). There is

one response each in the other choices namely Not Very Interested (1),

Close to Interested (2) and Somewhat Interested (4) which each

corresponds to 2.94%.

Most respondents are very interested because with the increasing

prices of their daily expenses and the decreasing value of money they get

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from their sources of income, they are in need of other income-generating

activity that can provide them to increase their financial status.

3. Presence and Availability of Resources

Resources are fundamentals in a business venture for they are the

materials used for an enterprise to operate. Hence, their presence and

availability are important factors to consider when the Badjaos’ invest in a

business which will become their alternative source of income.

Table 3 shows whether there are present and available resources in the

Badjao community that can be their capital goods in starting up an

alternative source of income.

Table 7

Frequency Distribution of the Presence and Availability of Resources

Answer Frequency Distribution Percentage

Yes 8 23.53%
No 26 76.47%

8 or 23.53% of the respondents who are interested in an alternative

source of income said that there are available resources in their area that

can be their capital in an entrepreneurial venture such as wood and pearls.

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Some did also mention the sea because it is a big help for them in generating

income. However, majority of the respondents which corresponds to 26

people or 76.47% answered that there are no resources available in their

area. This agrees to the statement given by Chairman Marasigan that the

Badjao Community in Barangays Malitam and Wawa are unprogressive.

The debauched natural resources greatly impact the possible and sufficient

supplies they may use as capital for an alternative source of income.

Because of the lack of resources, the capital goods that they may use for a

business venture must be provided to them by others.

4. Livelihood Program that can be offered to the Badjao Community

4.1 Interest to Certain Livelihood Programs

There are various livelihood programs conducted by the government

as well as NGOs to hone the knowledge and skills of the Badjaos and

applying them to have a great source of income. Some activities offered are

Jewelry making, fishing net making, hand-made crafts making, food

processing and many more.

Table 4.1 shows the Badjao’s interest in trying some of livelihood

program that may help them to earn money.

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Table 8

Frequency Distribution of Interest to Certain Livelihood Program

Frequency Percentage Rank

Jewelry Making 18 52.94 % 2nd
Fishing net
12 35.29 % 4th
Making
Hand-made crafts 18 52.94 % 2nd
Food Processing 18 52.94 % 2nd
Others 3 8.82 % 5th

18 or 52.94 % of the respondents are interested in Jewelry making,

Hand- made crafts and Food processing, while are 12 or 35.29% are into

fishing net making and 3 or 8.82% specified other livelihood activities they

want to try namely putting up a neighborhood sundry store, sewing and

making of rugs.

Based on the gathered data, Badjaos are into jewelry making, hand-

made crafts making and food processing which is apart from their usual

livelihood of fishing and fishing net making. There is an increase on the

expenses if Badjaos prefer fishing or other livelihood activities that involve

the sea because of the fuel needed for the boats to function and the need

for certain equipment in order to accomplish the activities. Additionally, there

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are restrictions in some areas of the sea that is why the source of their

livelihood is limited. This agrees to Flestado (2017) which stated that

disaster like strong typhoon,and decline in fish catch due to water pollution

are threats to their primary source of income which is fishing. With the

reasons mentioned, Badjaos want to venture to a new activity which will not

utilize the sea because they want to discover and explore other things that

will also help them for their survival.

4.2 Factors to consider in Putting Up a Small Business

There are different factors to consider in beginning a business venture

such as level of attainability of the production which pertains to the degree

of how possible the business would be, quality of the product which is the

characteristic of the goods that meets the customer’s expectation, capital

which refers to the money or materials needed to produce goods and

services, location which is the place where the enterprise is positioned and

the time frame of the productions which refers to the duration of the

production.

Table 4.2 presents the rank given by 34 respondents in the given

factors to consider in putting up a small business.

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Table 9

Ranking of the Factors to Consider in Putting Up a Small Business

Factor Rank
Level of Attainability of the 4th
Production
Quality of the Product 5th
Capital 1st
Location of the business 2nd
Time frame of the Production 3rd

As seen in the table, capital got the highest rank among the given

factors then location of the business. It is followed by time frame of the

production then level of attainability of the production which ranked forth.

Lastly, the Quality of the product (QP) ranked fifth.

Badjaos gave utmost importance to capital because in starting a

business, one should have a ‘required capital’ as well as a ‘further capital’

because it serves to fund the day-to-day operations that will also maximize

the growth of the business. Location was their second priority because it is

important for them to where the potential customers are so that they will put

up their business in that area. Moreover, the time frame of the production

came in 3rd because many Badjaos are curious on how long it takes to

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produce goods. According to Ribadio (2017), some Badjaos become

uninterested in doing the activities planned by the workers from the

Department of Social Welfare (DSWD) when they feel like the programs are

being burden to them due to long time durations of production. Because of

this, some activities become unsuccessful. On the other hand, the level of

attainability of the production ranked fourth because they also look into how

possible the good can be produced and its degree of difficulty. Badjaos do

not want complicated instructions because directing them in Tagalog is kind

of a challenge for them and with that, some tasks needed to be done that

are explained puzzlingly will not be done the way it is assumed to be done.

Lastly, they picked the quality of the product as last in the rank because due to

prioritizing the other factors, they might have forgot this factor. However, based

on the interview, most Badjaos had a hard time in ranking the different factors

because they do not fully understand them.

4.3 Business location or area

Although location only ranked 2nd in Table 4.2, it is an important factor to

consider in evaluating what type of alternative source of income the Badjaos

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need because potentials customers can be known through knowing the

location of the business.

Table 4.3 shows the business location the Badjaos want to sell their

alternative source of income in.

Table 10

Business location or area

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
LOCATION
DISTRIBUTION %
Market 16 47.06%
Street 5 14.71%
Port 5 14.71%
Sea 5 14.71%
Others
Badjao Community 9 29.41%
Peddling in other 1 2.94%
Community/Barangay
Resort 4 11.76%
Anywhere 3 8.82%

Considering the activities and the factors that they appraise in putting

up a business, the Badjaos mostly intended to sell goods in the market

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having 16 responses, 47.06% of the answers due to their geographical

location near the populous institution where variety of potential consumers

are everyday available. However, most of them also considered putting up

a business within their Badjao community in Barangay Malitam 3 so they

wouldn’t leave their family in burden when they are out of the community

doing their business operation having the second highest total votes of 9 or

29.41%. The street area is fourth on the list having 5 responses only or

14.71% because people on streets has no clear purpose of spending money

on a product or service that they’ve just unintentionally bumped with.

Whereas, putting up a business in busy streets needs an authenticated

permit or license to do your business operation legally. Out of 34 interested

respondents, only 5 of them were interested to sell goods in ports and sea

areas having 14.71% because of the needed effort to go to port areas. It

could be more costly and it might be hard for them to market their products

to the passengers or tourists because a language barrier might occur that

could hinder the achievement of their goal in increasing their sales and make

profit from those areas (DP Limlingan, 2014). 11.76% of the respondents or

4 out of 34 were interested of selling in resorts because they believe that

visitors or customers of the resorts has a chance of patronizing their

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products and it may be their souvenir in the resort that they are into but the

consistency of the customers in a resort is unpredictable and seasonal that

means there is a higher chance of low income selling in this area and not all

resort allows outside vendors to enter their premises. However, 3 or 8.82%

of the respondents affirmed their cultural identity of being sea gypsies who

keeps on travelling from places to places, looking for stable area where they

could earn for their own necessities who answered “anywhere” wherever

there are a lot of people around for their business operation. The choice of

peddling in other community gained the least, 2.94% of the votes or 1 vote

due to the fact that not all community residents are interested of purchasing

goods that is being sold through peddling and there are limited time or peak

hours only were people in this kind of area take time to notice peddlers and

some people in certain communities were mostly employed or having

errands in daytime that means low sales in a complete day.

4.4 Selling Price Range

Selling price is important for it determines a product’s affordability for

the consumer and profitability for the producer.

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Table 4.4 shows the price range they wish to sell when they put up an

alternative source of income.

Table 11

Selling Price Range

Frequency Percentage
Price
Distribution %
Php 10-50 13 38%
Php 51-100 5 15%
Php 101-150 10 29%
Php 151 & ABOVE 6 18%

“Depende sa ititinda.” (It depends upon the product.)- this statement

was their basis of how they’ve choose to sell products in the Php 10-50 price

range having 38% responses as their most preferred selling price range to

easily market it from the mass consumers. Php101-150 price range got the

10 or 29% because it is where they could instantly gain money in return from

creating the goods that they want to sell. The highest range of Php 151 &

above was considered by the 6 or 18% out of 34 interested respondents due

to the Badjao’s mentality of being lazy and wanting just the instants of life

earning the biggest amount of money possible in their own simple way for

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this kind of activity that needs their personal preparedness in working hard

in persuading other people to earn money according to Ribadio (2017). Php

51-100 got the least responses having 5 or 14.71% of the total answers.

With it being in the middle range of the selling price range, the Badjaos

considered more the other choices because they would practically want to

sell goods in the lowest price so they could produce more stocks when

they’ve finished selling all the available goods that evaluates a good cycle

of sales and they admittedly also want to sell quality expensive products for

an instant profitability.

The results confer with the idea of J. Alipala and K. Manlupig (2004)

that the Badjaos were able to raise their sales because they know how to

count and this concept gave them the capability to price their products’

range. With this capability, Badjaos can no longer be duped by some

consumers who has great interest in their products, therefore their hard

works in producing, searching and acquiring the goods that they are selling

were being paid properly on what they should really accumulate in return.

They are developing their knowledge in doing business and with this data,

they find selling P10-50 worth of each quality product in hand in order to

manipulate their business, manage their sales and product capitalization

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easier with this low cost of goods. They considered more the financial

capability investment of their potential consumers in buying their future

products than pricing their goods in high profits. But still, their product price

will depend on what they will produce; adequate capital costs and

profitability will still be the basis but will still price it in the lowest price

possible where they would not experience loss and will have total positive

financial ratio of sales.

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Proposed Plan

I. Title: Breaking the Stereotypes: Elevating Badjaos’ Financial

Status through Hand-made heat insulation pouches

II. Rationale:

After the thorough study of the researchers, most of the Badjaos have a

problem in their means of income. Most of them do not have enough money

to provide a complete meal, sufficient water supply and the likes to their

families every day.

Based on the conducted survey, out of 35 respondents, it was

analyzed that 97.14% Badjaos are interested to open up a small business

for them to contribute money for their family. The results also revealed that

52.94% of the respondents want jewelry making, hand-made crafts making

or food processing as alternative source of income. Also, it showed that they

want to sell products ranging from Php 10- Php 50 in public markets.

In accordance to this, the researchers suggested that they would lend

a hand which can assist the Badjaos on elevating their financial status in

proposing a livelihood program which aims to provide an income to the

Badjao households to sustain their daily needs and to help them meet their

monetary needs. Moreover, the findings of the survey indicate that

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producing hand-made pouches matches the type of livelihood program the

Badjaos for it is useful, easy to be learned and affordable to the mass

market.

Work Plan

General Objective

This proposal aims to be submitted in various Non-Government

Organizations (NGOs) that are willing and able to sponsor the program on

helping the Badjaos to have a capital resources and knowledge in

manipulating, managing and operating a business venture that could help

the community in their need of producing hand-made affordable products.

Specific Activities Frequency of Content Expected

Objectives Implementation Outcome
To find a Non- Sponsor Twice a week  The researchers will  NGO/s that
Government Hunting prepare the written will sponsor
Organization documents for the the
that can proposal of sponsorship program.
sponsor the on the said livelihood  Approved
Badjaos to have program. proposal.
a capital in their  Included in the written
alternative document are the
source of following: the research
income. study outcome, project
proposal and
authorization letters
from the barangay.

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To gather all the General Annualy (Every 2  Orientation about the Every meeting
names of the Assembly monts; every 1st livelihood program. the researchers
Badjaos who of the and 4th Saturday  Updates about the will have the
are willing to Badjaos of the month. activities that will happen official list of all
participate in the in the every meeting. the Badjaos that
livelihood Malitam will be attending
program and to Day Care every meeting.
estimate the Center.
needed
materials for
capital
providence.
To acquire the Purchase 2-3 Days after the  Raw materials will be All the needed
needed of raw first movement, purchased from the capital will be
materials materials twice a month in lowest selling suppliers provided by the
financed by the and other normal in the country. NGOs but as the
sponsors. capital operations.  Orders will be taken time goes by,
needs twice a month and the community
receive the materials will finance the
through delivery or needed raw
picked up by the NGOs. materials for
their own
productions as
part of their
sales in the
product.

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To increase Seminars on At least once a  Training The Badjaos will

more handling month. about hand-made gain more
knowledge and crafts. knowledge and
about the sustaining a  Seminar on will be motivated
livelihood business how to budget and to make a good
program by venture and use the money. product that they
inviting a how to be an could sustain in
resource effective their entire living
speaker. and efficient that they could
product- also pass in their
maker. future
generations.
To produce a Training and At least once The invited trainer The Badjaos will
high quality workshop month. or facilitator will learn how to make
hand-made on hand- discuss and teach the product and
pouches that made the Badjaos on how monitor the
will meet the pouches. to make the product quality control on
customer’s that they will be what they will be
expectations. making. selling.
To develop their Training and At least once a  The invited The Badjaos will
potentials in seminars on month. speaker will teach learn how to
promoting their marketing. the Badjaos on develop their
products. how to strategically interpersonal
sell their products, skills and will help
on how to compete them sell their
in the marketplace own made
and discuss the products that can
important details add up to their
on marketing that income.
could help them
maintain their
business.

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To assure that  Advertising Every quarter The sponsoring From the

the hand-made assistance organizations will sustainability and
pouches are in the local help the community healthy sales of
patronized and market in marketing and the program that
to check the  Program advertising the hand is given to all the
activity’s Monitoring made products as interested
success to the well as they would Badjaos, increase
Badjaos. be the main in their way of
monitoring group in living and having
the sustenance of profits that is
sales and positively
profitability of the sufficient from the
business that is out business venture
in the local market is expected to
for the entire life of prevent them
the business. from having
financial
problems.

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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

At present, Badjaos are widely seen in the vicinity of Batangas

wherein, they have formed a growing community in Barangay Malitam and

Barangay Wawa where big opportunities of livelihood are available because

of the generosity of the Batangueños in patronizing products that are made

by their ethnic group. Though there are a lot of possible sources of income,

Badjao households are not capable of providing consistent and

enough monetary needs for their family because of the their limited

knowledge of the various income generating activities that is not a typical

product that can be seen in the market. Though most of them have an idea

about business, what remains in their image in the perception of the

Tagalogs are the other members of their ethnic group that chose to remain

beyond the streets and ask for alms which the researchers aims to obviate

and no longer stereotype the community in the eyes of the people of being

the mendicant we see barefoot, carrying their younger sibling harassing or

begging you to give them money. This calls the researchers for an

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assessment in the financial status and capacity and the level of interest they

have for small scale businesses that they could sustain to bridge them to a

more stable life so we could see them no longer a mendicant, but peddling

their business products.

The researchers used survey questionnaires as data gathering

instruments. The survey questionnaire is divided into three parts which

include the annual expenses and sources of income of the Badjaos, followed

by the level of their interest to the idea of an alternative source of income

and what activities they are capable of trying, and lastly the availability of

resources available in their community that they could make use for their

capital. From those questions, it specifically sought to answer what

livelihood program can be offered to them based on their needs and

interests.

The study was supported by some concepts and ideas of the

researchers, barangay officials of the community, Badjao community core

group members and other literature about the condition of the Badjaos

locally. It was also supported by some related studies which provides the

situation of the badjaos.

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Significantly, this study aimed to asses the financial needs of the Badjao

Community in Barangay Malitam, Batangas City to decipher their lifestyle

and the determinants on how come they be short of financial assistance for

their family. Through this paper, the researchers have discovered a new

income generator that can be an avenue for the Badjao Community to

generate more money by assessing their financial status, capacity and level

of interest on having an alternative source of income as the basis. -princess

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Findings

The following findings were gathered from the data analyzed:

1.) Badjaos are also spending money for their basic needs. The researchers

found out that Badjaos spend most of their money on food which got the

highest frequency of 35 or 100%. In addition, the researchers found out that

the respondents have government assistance which had the highest

frequency of 30 or 85.71% as their most source of income but 19 or 57.58%

of the Badjaos are not satisfied in this financial assistance.

2.) The researchers found out that 34 or 97.14% of the Badjaos which is

considered as the highest freuquency and percentage are interested on

having an alternative source of income and 27 or 79.41% of them are very

interested in terms of the level of their interest. Moreover, among all the

given choices such as business, financial, food, work, home appliances,

fishing equipment and more, 24 or 68.57% of the Badjaos picked business

as the kind of help that they want in order for them to generate more money.

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3.) With regards to the presence and availability of resources, the

researchers found out that 26 or 76.47% of the Badjaos, the highest

frequency and percentage, answered that there are no resources available

in their area that they may be able to use as capital for a business.

4.) The researchers found out that most of the respondents are interested in

jewelry-making, hand-made crafts and food processing with the highest

frequency of 18 or 52.94%. Additionally, among all the given factors to

consider in putting up a business, capital had the highest rank and was given

the greatest importance. Moreover, the researchers found out that market

had the highest frequency where 16 or 47.06% of the Badjaos are interested

to sell their alternative sources of income. Also, the researchers found out

that 13 or 38% of the Badjaos is considered as the highest frequency will

price their products in the range of Php10-50.

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Conclusion

This study yielded the following conclusions based on the findings:

1.) Badjaos spend their money on food because it is a primary need for a

person to survive daily.

2.) As regards to how Badjaos can provide their daily expenses, the most

source of their income is from the government assistance through the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P's) but are not satisfied with the

service and help that this program provides because of its inconsistency with

the promised providence.

3.) Most of the Badjaos are interested on having an alternative source of

income. Thus, they want to put up a business for it is a long term venture

that can be a way to satisfy their families' needs.

4.) Most Badjaos are very interested on having a new income generator,

specifically jewelry-making,hand-made crafts making and food processing

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as they want to produce goods that are beyond their usual jobs which are

connected to utilizing the sea.

5.) Badjaos consider capitalization as the most essential factor in putting up

a business due to having no available resources that can be utilized to be

their capital within their community.

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Recommendation

Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are

offered:

1. The barangay officials must monitor the issuance of financial assistance

given by the government to the Badjaos to ensure that it is given to them

consistently.

2. The government must organize activities wherein the Badjaos can utilize

their environment to have materials that can suffice them with capital

goods.

3. Seminars with regards to starting up a small-scale business venture

should be conducted by the barangay so that the Badjaos who are

interested in business can gain knowledge and skills which can help

them elevate their financial status through their alternative source of

income.

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4. The proposed plan of the researchers should be adopted by the

barangay or other Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to help the

Badjaos have capital resources and proficiency in business by

supporting and sponsoring them in the beginning of their ventures to

utilize this study.

5. The future researchers must conduct their survey to more Badjaos and

must provide wider yet understandable options for them to have a more

comprehensive study.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Connlley, H. (2000). Hard book for research synthesis. New York: Russell
Sage.

Coolican, H. (1994). Research methods and statistics in psychology (2nd

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Aramay, Rodelito. Chapter 3 Research and Methodology. Retrieved from
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ODOLOGY?auto=download

Ali, Zulfiqar and Bhaskar, Bala S. (2016). Basic statistical tools in research
and data analysis. Retrieved from
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Bibsy M. Carballo. (2013). A perilous journey from Basilan to Batangas.

Retrieved from
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journey-basilan-batangas

Born Again Badjao Church. The Badjao Community Livelihood Cooperative

Program (BCLCP). Retrieved from https://goo.gl/VhUyhk

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Bureau of Workers with Special Concern. (2014). For Badjao Women

displaced by conflict in Zamboanga City- Baldoz urges expanded
convergence program to revive traditional craft of mat-weaving as
sustainable, green enterprise. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/K6BGEK.

Cambridge Dictionary. (2017). Financial Standing. Retrieved from

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/financial-standing

Carrie B. Yan. (2012). Philippine Tribes: Badjao. Retrieved from

http://www.globalpinoy.com/gp.topics.v1/viewtopic.php?postid=4fab9f8176
a31&channelName=4fab9f8176a31

Corderes, Kate. (2015). Retrieved from

https://livelihood.dswd.gov.ph/kafelma/ Written by Kate Coderes (SLP PDO)

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). (2013). List of Livelihood

Projects (Status). Retrieved from
http://ro7.dole.gov.ph/fndr/mis/files/STATUS.pdf

Dictionary.com. (2017). Income. Retrieved from

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/income?s=t

Dictionary.com. (2017). Livelihood. Retrieved from

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/livelihood?s=t

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Dictionary.com. (2017). Mendicancy. Retrieved from

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/mendicancy

Dictionary.com. (2017). Resource. Retrieved from

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/resources?s=t

DP Limlingan. (2014). Anational Issue. Retrieved from

https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar
pampanga/20140822/281595238700456

Duron, Carmela. 2016. Retrieved from

https://livelihood.dswd.gov.ph/news_beauty/ Written by Carmela Duron,
DSWD Davao

Ethnic Groups Philippines All Rights Reserved. (2011). Badjao. Retrieved

from http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/ethnic-groups-in-the-
philippines/badjao/

Flestado, Joanne. (2014). Diary of a Scattered Brain. Retrieved from

https://joanneflestado.wordpress.com/tag/problems-in-badjao-batangas-
city/

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Frontline Foundation. (2015) "Let Us Sell Goods" - Livelihood Project for the
Badjao Community. 2013-2015. Retrieved from
http://www.frontlinefoundation.org.au/projects/past-projects/56-let-us-sell-
goods-livelihood-project-for-the-badjao-community

Gerdener, Mark. Statistics- A guide. Retrieved from

http://www.dataanalytics.org.uk/Data%20Analysis/Statistics/summarizing-
data.htm

Jumawan, Mary Carmell. (September 20, 2017). SLP brings hope, light to
Manobos in Agusan del Sur. Retrieved from
https://livelihood.dswd.gov.ph/paglaum/ ( Mary Carmell Jumawan)

Kauman Sama Online: Sinama Social Network for Sama & Bajau. (2017).
The Bajau, the Badjao, the Samals, and the Sama People. Retrieved from
http://sinama.org/about-sama-people/the-bajau-and-sama-people/

Marasigan, Mamerto (2017, October 2) Personal Interview.

Merriam Dictionary. (2016). 3 Things About Badjao Sea Gypsies That Make
Them As Playful As The Tides. Retrieved from
https://mirriamdictionary.wordpress.com/2016/01/21/3-things-about-
badjao-sea-gypsies-that-make-them-as-playful-as-the-tides/

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Batangas City

Official Gazzette. (May 22, 2015). DSWD’s Sustainable Livelihood

Programs has served over 700,000 poor families. Retrieved from
https://goo.gl/oWHxBM.

Peralta, Jesus T. (2002). Ethnic Groups of the Philippines. Retrieved from

http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/ethnic-groups-in-the-
philippines/badjao/

Rebadio, Maribel (2017, October 7) Personal Interview.

Seattle Office for Civil Rights. 2017. Protections for using alternative sources
of income. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/t4t2va

SESAM University of the Philippines. (2017). Life of the Badjaos in Barangay

Malitam, Batangas City. Retrieved from https://sesam.uplb.edu.ph/news-
events/145-life-of-the-badjaos-in-barangay-malitam,-batangas-city

Social Protection for Employment Community. (2016). Webinar Series on

Linking Social Protection to Sustainable Employment Social Protection for
Employment Community (SPEC). Retrieved from https://goo.gl/zbFUYK.

Statistics Canada. (November 11, 2015). Using basic statistical techniques.

Retrieved from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-533-x/using-
utiliser/4072258-eng.htm

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Wikipilipinas. (2012). Badjao. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Badjao

Youth Livelihood Interest GroupWorld Vision International. (2014). Youth

Livelihood and Empowerment theory of change. Retrieved from
https://goo.gl/3Kx5K3

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A.
Letter of Request for Validation
SAINT BRIDGET COLLEGE OF BATANGAS
M.H. del Pilar St. Batangas City
Accountancy and Business Management

October 17, 2017

MRS. AMOR BORBON

Research Adviser
Saint Bridget College of Batangas
M.H. del Pilar St. Batangas City

Dear Dr. Borras,

Good day!

We are the Senior High School students of St. Bridget College undertaking a research
entitled BEYOND THE STREETS: FINANCIAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT BRIDGING
STABILITY TO THE BADJAO COMMUNITY.

With your expertise, we are humbly asking your permission to validate the attached self-
made questionnaire for our study.

We are looking forward that our request would merit your positive response.

Thank you and God Bless.

Respectfully Yours,

SOFIA ANNE C. ABAYA

LOVELY PRINCESS A. DEL MUNDO

KRISTINE LEI T. ILAGAN

LE-AN A. PUERTOLLANO

CHEENE R. TORINO
Researchers

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APPENDIX B.
Survey Questionnaire
Name(Pangalan): ______________________________________________
Age (Edad): ___________________
Gender (Kasarian): Male (Lalake) Female (Babae)
Address (Tirahan): _____________________________________________
Family and Civil Status (Katayuan sa pamilya at bilang isang mamamayan) [hal:
bunsong anak, nag-aaral)___________________________________
Work (Hanapbuhay): __________________________________________
________________________________________

1.What are the annual expenses and sources of income of the Badjao in Malitam
Batangas City? (Anu-ano ang pang araw-araw na pinagkakagastusan at
pangunahing pinagkukunan ng pera ng mga Badjao sa Malitam Batangas?

A. What are the daily expenses of your family? (Ano ang pinagkakagastusan ng
iyong pamilya sa araw-araw?)
Food (Pagkain)
Water (Tubig)
Fuel (Langis)
Clothes (Damit)
Allowance and educational needs (Baon at pangangailangan ng mga
estudyante)
Toiletries (Mga Gamit pangpaligo)
Fare (Pamasahe)
Electricity (Kuryente)
Others, please specify (Iba pang kasagutan, pakibanggit)
_____________________________________________________________

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B. What are your sources of income? (Ano ang pinagmumulan ng kita ng iyong
pamilya?
Selling of products (Pagtitinda ng produkto)
Fishing (Pangingisda)
Asking for alms (Panghihingi)
Providing service (Pagbibigay serbisyo)
Government Assistance (Tulong mula sa gobyerno)
If there is a government assistance for your family, do you think their services
and programs are enough to sustain and provide for the needs of your family?
(Kung mayroong tulong mula gobyerno, (Sapat ba ang mga programa at serbisyo
ng gobyerno para sa pamumuhay ng iyong pamilya sa pang araw-araw?)
Oo
Hindi at bakit?
Dahilan:
____________________________________________________________
Others, please specify (Iba pang kasagutan, pakibanggit)
____________________________________________________________
2. How many of them are open to the idea of having an alternative source of
income?
A. What kind of help do you need to increase your life status?
Financial (Pera)
Food (Pagkain)
Work (Trabaho)
Business (Pangkabuhay)
Home Appliances (Gamit sa Bahay)
Fishing Equipment (Gamit sa Pangingisda)

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B. What do you prefer in able to earn money? (Para saiyo, ano ang gusto mong
paraan para magkaroon ng pera?
Fishing (Pangingisda)
Asking for alms (Pamamalimos)
Product making-selling (Paggawa ng produkto at pagbebenta nito)
Food processing-selling (Paggawa ng pagkain at pagbebenta nito)
Providing service (Pagbibigay serbisyo)

C. Are you interested to have an alternative source of income? (Interesado ka

ba na magkaroon ng karagdagang pagkakakitaan?)
Yes (Oo)
No (Hindi)

D. Rate the level of your interest in 1 to 5. (Gaano ka kainteresado?) 1 (20%

interested/interesado) 2 (40% interested/interesado) 3 (60% interested/interesado) 4
(80% nterested/interesado) 5 (100% interested/interesado) ( Tantyahin kung gaano
ka ka-interesadong kumita ng pera sa pamamagitan ng paggawa at pagbebenta ng
produkto?

1 pagpapakita ng mababang interes; 5 pagpapakita ng mataas na pagka-

interesado )
1
2
3
4
5

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E. How much is the product would you like to sell? (Magkano ang isang produkto na
nais mong ipagbili?)
P10-P50
P51-P100
P101-P150
P151 & above (pataas)

3. What are the sources available in their community that can be used as a
capital of a small scale business?

A. Do you have abundant resources in your community that may be used as capital
in putting up a small business? (May mapagkukunan bang sagana sa inyong lugar
na maaaring gamiting kapital sa pagtatayo ng maliit ng negosyo?)
Yes, there are resources. (Oo, mayroong mga mapagkukunan )
None (Wala)
If yes, what are these resources? (Kung oo, anong mga mapagkukunan ito?)
_____________________________________________________________

B. Where do you intend to sell goods? (Saan mo binabalak magtinda?)

Market (Palengke)
Street (Kalsada)
Port (Pier)
Sea (Dagat)
Others, please specify (Iba pang sagot, pakibanaggit):

_____________________________________________________________

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C. How will you rank the given factors that you should consider in choosing a
small business that you may put up? Write 1-5. (Paano mo pagsusunod-sunudin
ang mga nabanggit na kailangang isaalang-alang sa pagtatayo ng maliit na
negosyo? Isulat ang 1-5)

Level of attainability of the production (Lebel na maaaring mong

maisakatuparan ang paggawa ng produkto)
Quality of the product (Kalidad ng produkto)
Capital (Kapital na gagamitin)
Location of the business (Puwesto kung saan magtitinda)
Time frame of the production (Tagal ng paggawa ng produkto)

D. Which of the following activities are you interested in trying? (Alin sa mga
sumusunod na aktibidad ang interesado kang subukan?)
Jewelry-making (Paggagawa ng alahas)
Fishing net- making (Paggawa ng pamingwit)
Hand-made crafts making (Paglikha ng mga produktong gawang
kamay)
Food Processing (Pagpoproseso ng pagkain)
Others, please specify (Iba pang sagot, pakibanaggit):
_______________________________________________________

Signature (Lagda)/ thumb mark:

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APPENDIX C

Curriculum Vitae

Abaya, Sofia Anne C.

Batangas City

Personal Information
Age: 17
Sex: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Birthdate: March 19, 2000
Birthplace: Batangas City

Educational Background:

Junior High School St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2012-2016

Elementary Batangas City South Elementary School

P. Canlapan St., Batangas City
SY. 2003-2012

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Curriculum Vitae

Delmundo, Lovely Princess A.

Mabini, Batangas City

Personal Information
Age: 17
Sex: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Birthdate: March 29, 2000
Birthplace: Batangas City

Educational Background:

Junior High School St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2012-2016

Elementary Talaga Elementary School

Talaga Proper, Mabini, Batangas
SY. 2003-2012

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Curriculum Vitae

Ilagan, Kristine Lei T.

Batangas City

Personal Information
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Birthdate: August 25, 1999
Birthplace: Batangas City

Educational Background:

Junior High School St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2012-2016

Elementary St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2003-2012

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Curriculum Vitae

Puertollano, Le-An A.
Dumantay, Batangas City

Personal Information
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Birthdate: February 17, 2000
Birthplace: Batangas City

Educational Background:

Junior High School St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2012-2016

Elementary Batangas City East Elementary School

Brgy. 6, Batangas City
SY. 2003-2012

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Curriculum Vitae

Torino, Cheene R.
Brgy. Malitam, Batangas City

Personal Information
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Birthdate: July 14, 1999
Birthplace: Batangas City

Educational Background:

Junior High School St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2012-2016

Elementary St. Bridget College

M.H. Del Pilar St., Batangas City
SY. 2003-2012

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