ENGINEERING, February 23, 1894.

THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT OSTEND AND

CONSTRUCTED BY THE SOCIETE ANONY

(For Descripti

Ftg.4. Main Deck.

DOVER MAIL STEAMER "MARIE HENRIETTE."
E JOHN COCKERILL, SERAING, BELGIUM.
Feb. 23, 1894.] ENGINEERING.
THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT MAIL STEAMER "MARIE HENRIETTE."
CONSTRUCTED BY THE SOCIETE ANONYME JOHN COCKERILL, SERAING, BELGIUM.

all taken by one side, but by both equally. The

advantages claimedare compactness, strength,light
ness, and facility of repairs. These cars are con
structedby theCandaCattleCar Company,Chicago.

THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT MAIL

STEAMER " MARIE HENRIETTE."
Thk encouragingprospectsfor the International
Exhibitionto beheldthis year at Antwerp,naturally
createinterestin Belgianmanufactures, andin illus
trating and describingthe new Ostend and Dover
steamer Marie Henriette, built by the Sociutl
AnonymeJohn Cockerill, someincidentalreference
mayvery properlybemadeto the extensiveworksat
Seraing.They arewell knownascomprisingcollieries,
blast furnaces,iron and steelworks,and works for
the constructionof boilers, machinery,bridges,kc. ;
but lessis knownof the fact, or it is not duly appre
ciated,that the companyare now competingsuccess
fully with British hrms in the constructionof fast
steamersat their shipbuildingyard on the Scheldt,
near Antwerp. The works at Seraingwerefounded
in 1817by Mr. John Cockerill, born in 1790at Has-
lingden,in Lancashire. They consistedat first of a
machineshopfor constructingweavingand spinning
machinery,and steam engines; but sooncollieries,
furnaces,andiron workswereadded,and led thus to
the organisationof the great works now employing
10,000men. Tensteamers areownedby the company
for importingore, and this fleetenablesthe firm to
gaingreatexperience in marinework, andto basede
signson the experienceacquired. Moreover,it pro
videsan excellentschoolfor trainingthe membersof
a staff.
1 Appreciatingthe importance of the earlyeffortsat
 256 ENGINEERING. [Feb. 23, 1894.
steamnavigation, John Cockerill, in 1824,started guarantee. For eachtenth in excessa premiumof struction,exceptfor the companion-ways, rails, and
marineengineering, andfurnishedmachineryfor river 10,000fr. wasto bepaid,with a maximumof 100,000similarwork. The vessel,as will beseenfromFig. 2,
andtow boats,andlatercommenced to build thehulls francs,and in eachcasethe maximumwasawarded. on our two-pageplate, hastwo decksbesidesthepro
at a shipbuildingyardon theMeuse. In 1825hecon Aboutthe sametime the Governmentpurchasedthe menade,whichrunsright foreandaft.
structedfor theNavyof theNetherlands(Belgiumwas British steamer Manx Queen and the German Taking first the lower deck,as shownin Fig. 5, it
thenstill connected to Holland)enginesof 240nominal steamerLa Treya,and acceptedthe offerof Messrs. maybestatedthat themachineand boilerdepartment
horsepowerfor the corvetteAtlas. Thesewereat William Dennyand Brothers,of Dumbarton,to con occupies120ft. of thelength,andwithinthecompart
thattimethemostpowerfulenginesconstructed for a struct a vesselto steam20 knots and meetspecial mentare sevencoal bunkers,havinga capacityfor at
warship,andwereremarkable in design,havingthree requirements of theportsof Ostendand Dover. This least100tonsof fuel. Forward, betweentwo of the
side-leverenginesworkingcranksplacedatl20deg. , vessel,the PrincesseHenriette,*attaineda speedof bunkersonthelowerdeck,is a hold14ft. in length,for
revolvingside paddle-wheels.Successivedevelop over 21 knots, and the firm securedthe maximum baggage.Forward on the samelevelare thepublic
mentsnecessitated larger shipbuildingworks, and a premium of 100,000francs. The splendid results roomsof the second-class passengers —a dining saloon
yard wasopenedat Antwerp,andsubsequently, owing induced the Belgian Governmentto order a sister 30ft. long,with buffet,anda ladies'saloon20ft. long
to militaryexpropriations, the worksweretransferredship from Messrs.Denny, the PrincesseJosephine, further forward, having a separatecompanion-way.
to their presentsiteat Hoboken,nearAntwerp. While which gavesimilarly greatsatisfaction. Therewere Underneaththese apartmentsare lockers and sail-
devotingspecialattentionto the building of river thus on the service twelve boats, sevenof 15 to rooms,whilein theextremebowcompartments arethe
steamers,the constructionof ocean-goingsteamers16knotsspeed,threeDew Cockerillboatsof 19knots, quartersof the firemenand seamenand the chain
lias not beenneglected. Over 330 river and ocean andtwo Dennyboatsof 21knots. lockers. Aft of themachinery onthis lowerdeckis the
going steamershave beenbuilt and engined,while The greatpopularitydeservedlywon by the latter first-classladies'room,26ft. in length,andin theex
machineryhasbeenconstructed for manyvesselsbuilt vesselsinducedtheGovernment to ordertwomorefast tremeafterendthegentlemen's room,62ft. in length.
in otherworks. vesselsto surpasseverythingafloatin respectalike of On the maindeck the centralpart,for a lengthof
Many interestingreminiscences suggestthemselvesspeed,comfort,andmagnificence, theguaranteed speed 116ft., is given over to the machineryand boilers,
on a perusalof the list ; but it is onlypossiblehere being21}knots. One, the Leopold II., was ordered with the usual passageon either side of thecasing.
to referto oneincidentassociated with thelife-history fromMessrs.Denny,of Dumbarton, andtheother,the Forward is the galley,andadjoininga hatchwayfor
of Ericsson,but usuallyomittedin biographies.The Marie Henriette, from the SocieWCockerill. The thebaggage-room below. The forwardpartis utilised
companyundertooktheconstructionof two armoured principaldimensions and the generalarrangement of as a shelteredpromenade, the onlyobstructionsbeing
monitors for the Russian Navy — Kolidoune and theinteriorwerearrivedat by commonagreement be thecompanion-ways to thesecond- class roomsbelow,
Vestchoune —fromthedesignsof Ericsson. He went tweenthe BelgianAdministrationand the two firms. while in the extremebow are quartersfor thelower
to Seraingin 1829,whentwenty-sixyearsof age,and But while the generalfeatureswere the same,the officers. On either side of the deck are arranged
remainedtherefor Bornetime. Cockerill had just constructors were free to give the form that lavatories,&c, while light and ventilationto the
built a passenger steamer —theLudwig—whichwasto theyconsidered the mostsuitable,andthepropelling apartmentsbeloware throughport-holeson the side
be fitted with low-pressureside-leverengines,when power that they considerednecessary,as well as to andon deck,the latter havinggun-metalrings14in.
Ericssonproposedthe introductionof highpressure, determinethe scantlingsof the hull andthedecora in diameter,with grill coverings. Aft on themain
greatexpansion, surfacecondenser, tubularboiler,and tions, &c, of the interior. The premiumfor excess deckthereis a ladies'drawing-room,20ft. long,with
forceddraughtwith closedashpit. Onealmostrecog speed(over21}knots) wasto be7501.for eachtenth a beautifulcompanion-way to the roombelow,while
nisesthe specificationof a modernmarineenginein of a nauticalmile, the maximumbeing4000/. If the aft is thefirst-classrestaurant, 64ft. long,andoccupy
the originaldesigns,whichwerepublishedbya German speedwas less than 21},the penaltyfor each tenth ing the full width of the ship. At theextremestern
association of engineersin 1891. The machinerywas of a knot was5002. , while if thespeedwaslessthan is Brown'ssteamtiller steeringgear. On the sponsons
actually constructedand tried ; but, as with many 21 knots the Governmentof Belgiumhad a right to are the first-classlavatories,aft of thepaddles,while
subsequent attemptsatimprovement, theboilerproved refuseacceptance of thevessel. The draughtof water forwardarecabinsforapprenticeengineers, machinists,
the weak point. It was tubularin thesensethat it for theshipcomplete wasnottoexceed9ft.3in.,andat andthelaundry.
containeda series of wormsin cylindrical bodies. this draught70tonsof coalwereto becarriedin the The promenadedeck (Fig. 3) has in the centrea
The fireboxresembled a largebottletift. high,andwas bunkers,and20 tons of baggage. It wasconsidereddeck-house 64ft. long,whichis piercedby the engine
forgedin onepiece,andit is preservedas a splendid desirableto try thetwo vesselsunderthesamecondi skylight. This deck-housecontainsa largesmoking-
pieceof work for the period. In spiteof theforced tions,andtheFlemishcoastwasnotconsidered suitable, room,with eightcabinsfitted in a superiorstyle,each
draught,theboilerdid not produceenoughsteam,and owing to the draughtof water being limited, while havingtwo l>edstcads, whileforwardoftheforefunnel
even then, sixty-fiveyearsago,leakytubesharassedthe natural currents made numeroussandbanks.are two additionalstate-rooms.The only other ob
the marineengineer. Cockerill spent 70,000fr. on Bothvessels weretherefore tried in the Firth ofClyde. structionsforward are the companions andskylights
the experiment,and with patienceand skill successFour runsweremadebetweenthe ClochandCumbrae for the deck below,with the usualcranes,capstans,
might haveattendedthecombined effortof Ericsson Lights,two in eachdirection. The distanceeachway &c, at thebow. The winchis onthemaindeckbelow.
andCockerill; buttheownerspressedfor deliveryof is 13.666nautical miles, so that thetrial wasovera Aft 011this promenadedeckis theroyaldeckhouse,
their vessel,andtheoriginally-designed low-pressuredistanceof 54.664nauticalmiles, and the run was 25ft. long, containinga drawing-room andtwo large
engineswere fitted. Ericsson quitted Seraing for madewhenthetide influencedthe resultleast. The cabins. These apartments,with the other public
England,wherehis energiesweredirectedto thecon highspeeddemanded, in conjunctionwith the small roomsin the ship, we shall describelater, whenwe
structionof the locomotivewhichcompeted unsuccess draught of water,madethe probleman interesting shallgive engravings showingthechief saloonsin the
fullyagainstStephenson's "Rocket" atRainhillin 1829, one, in viewparticularlyof the stringentconditions. ship. At theafterendof the ship therearecupolas
and thereafterthe United Statesoffereda fieldof en Messrs.Denny'svessel,the LeopoldII., was com ventilatingandlightingthesaloonson themaindeck,
terprisefor Ericsson. Mentionmightalsobemadeof pleted first. We havealready describedit.+ The andat the sternarethe usualcapstans,hand-steering
someof thelargerenginesconstructed, notablythose meanspeedon the officialtrial was 21.995knots.J wheels,and Brown's telemotor. Six lifeboatsare
for theRussianNavy, butspacedoesnot admit of it. The MarieHenriette,built by theCockerillCompany, carriedon forgedirondavits aft of the paddle-boxes.
Ruthven'sjet propellerwas tried a few yearsago in proceeded to theClydeto undergotrials in May last The afterendof thepromenade deckmaybesheltered
a vesselbuilt for serviceon theMeuse; bat although year, and completedher voyagefrom Antwerp in with an awning.
it workedwell, itsefficiencywasbelowthatof a sister 56 hours. Unfortunatelythere was an accidentat This deck-houseon the promenade deck forms a
vesselfitted with ordinarypaddle-wheels.The con thecommencement of the trial, the starboardwheel largebridgedeck,in the centreof which,betweenthe
sumptionof fuel was greater. Qualities, however, beingbroken.§ The vesselreturnedto thecompany'sfunnels,is the captain'scabin,while forward of the
manifestedthemselveswhich justified the firm in works,andwith only onewheelworkingtook about fore funnel is the wheel-house. Amidships, too,
fitting thejet propellerto a bargefor river trafficin 68hours,barely12 hours morethan when steaming thereis a gangwayathwarttheship. On thebridge
Asia Minor. with the two wheels. A newpaddle-wheel wasfitted, are Brown's telemotor, and the usual telegraphs
Comingnow to the Dover and Oatendsteamers,andthe vesselproceeded againtoGreenockin August, andcompasses.The ship,aswill be seenfromFigs.
thelatestof whichwe illustrate,it maybementionedandconcluded herofficialtrials. Therunsbetweenthe 1 and 2, has a rudder within the stemas well as
that thefirst vessels constructed for theserviceby the lights were as follow, the meanresultsbeingalso aft, theformerbeingworked by hand gearfromthe
Cockerill Companywerethe Rubis and the Topaze, given. The meandraughtwith the prescribedload bridge. The ship,asshownon Fig. 1, hastwo funnels,
of 144ft. length, 21 ft. breadth, and havinglow- was8 ft. Hi in. andtwo mastswith light sails, andpresentsa smart
pressuretrunk enginesof the Maudslaytype,of 120 Speed. trim in the water. She is lightedby electricity,with
nominalhorsepower. To thesewereaddedin 1802 First run 22.724knots. oil-lightingarrangements for usein caseof emergency.
La Belgique,of 170ft. lengthand 21ft. beam,with Second run ... 21.568 „ (To becontinued.)
oscillatingenginesof 160horse-power nominal,and Third run ... 22.872 „
this vesselis still employedin hydrographic serviceon Fourthrun ... 21.638 „
the coast of Flanders. About thesametimeMessrs. GermanCoal in Italy. —Thedeliveries ofGermancoal
Ravenhill, London, supplied L'Emeraude,and the Mean 222 to Italy rid the St. Gothard in Decemberlest year
amounted to3150tons. In this total Westphaliancoal
John Venn was acquiredand renamedLa Perle. Revolutions,52.S9; indicated horse- power, 8134; figuredfor2370tonsandSarrebruck coalfor780tons.
Towards1866the Government decidedto renewtheir weather,fine; sea, slightly rough; wind, strong
fleetwith largerand fastervessels,andhadbuilt the breezefrom N.N.W. The enginesworkedperfectly, Royal Agricultural Soctuty England.—
LouiseMarie, by theCockerillCompany. This vessel andthesteampressure of We are
wasmaintained withanaverage
was200ft. long,24 ft. broad, and7 ft. draughtof air pressureof 34} millimetres(about11in.). These requested toremindintending exhibitors at the " Royal"
water,andwith oscillatingenginesworkingwith 30lb. resultscommend Show,to beheldat Cambridge fromJune 23to29next,
themselves.The vesselreturnedto thatapplications for spacein theimplement department
pressureof steam,developed1550indicatedhorse Antwerp,andalthoughshe experienced badweather, at that meetingmustbe madeby Saturday,March31,
power. The excellentseagoing qualitiesof the vessel behavedwell. 1894.Theentriesin thevariousdepartments oflivestock,
resultedin six sistervesselsbeing orderedin succes The Marie Henrietteis of thefollowingdimensions : poultry,produce, to., mustbemadeby Tuesdav,May 1,
sion in the next six years—one per annum. These Length betweenperpendiculars,340 ft. = 103.6291894.
vesselsconductedthe serviceuntil 1885,but pro metres; breadth,38ft. = 11.582metres; breadth
gresshad beenmadein the interval, and againthe over paddle-boxes, Projected Electric Railway in Denmark.— An
76 ft. 7 in. =22.341metres; depth hasbeenmadeto theDanishGovernment for
BelgianGovernment decidedto take actionto main of holdfrom main deck,15ft. = 4.572metres. The application
tain thepopularityof theservice. Theyorderedfrom hull of the vesselis constructedof steel. The decks a concessionforanelectric railwayfromKlampenborg to
Messrs.Cockerill in 1886the Prince Albert, but on and thecarpentrywork generallyareof yellowpine ; Humlebbk, The
both on the Sound, a distanceof some16
plandoes not include anycontribution f rom
miles.
trial the guaranteedspeedof 17J knots was not the sponsons,the longitudinalstringersaft, and the the State,nor fromthe districtsthroughwhichit will
attained. They lengthened thevessel15ft., andfitted verticalmembers of the paddlewingsare of Belgian haveto pass. It is principallyintendedfor passenger
morepowerful enginesand boilers. Two similar oak. Very little teakhasbeenemployedin the con- traffic,onlysecondarily for goods. The DanishGovern
vesselswereconstructedon the improvedconditions, menthasproposed a railwayfromKlampenborg to Elsi-
andthe trial speeds of the vesselswere as follows: * SeeEngineering,vol.li., page39. nore,whichwouldentailanexpenditure ofsome350,000/ ,
Prince Albert, 19.005knots; La Flandre, 18.978 +Ibid., vol.lv., page444 whilstthe proposedelectricrailwaywill not cost the
knots; and Ville de Donvres,18.85 knots; in each t Ibid., vol.lvi.. page273. Stateanything,inadditiontowhichthe Parliament does
caseabout1}nauticalmiles per hour more than the § Ibid., vol. lv., page73". notseemdisposed to passtheGovernment's Bill.
 9,
ENGINEERING, MARCH 1894.

COMPOUND ENGINES OF THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT MAIL STEAMER “MARIE HENRIETTE.”

CONSTRUCTED BY THE SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME JOHN COCKERILL, SERAING, BELGIUM.

(For Description,see Page313.)

|
 MARCH 9, 1894.] ENG IN E E R IN G. 3I 3

beon
work 239pages full well-selectedinforma whilst his chapters the principles designing

of

of

of
is
LITERATURE. tion to studentsandothers. figureddesignwill helpful thoseengaged

to

in
syllabus subject “Building Con this mostimportantbranch the industry.

of

of

of
The the
struction," like that subject

of
Elementary Lessons, with Numerical Examples, in Prac. the kindred
“Machine Construction and Design,” has BOOKS RECEIVED.

of
tical Mechanics and MachineDesign. By RoBERT
GoRDONBLAINE,M.E., Assoc.M.I.C.E. London: been framed upon distinctly practical basis, Pocket-Book ElectricalEngineering Formula. By W.

of
a
andCompany, Limited. 1893.[Price2s.6d.] as will be seen when consideredthat GEIPELandM. HAMILTON KILGOUR.London: The

is
Cassell

it

it
Electrician PrintingandPublishing Company, Limited.
PROBABLYnothing is of greater assistanceto the requires candidatesfor even the second year, [Price
acquaintedwith the Whatan7sEngineer6d.]

be
studentof appliedmechanicsthan a collectionof “advanced” stage,

to be or

to
shouldKnowaboutElectricity.By

as
well-selectedexampleswith the answersattached.details all ordinarybuildingwork, such would ALBERTL. Clough. Boston.Mass.,U.S.A.: The

of
£

50
He is thenable to testhis knowledge,and quickly required good domesticarchitecture. The MasonRegulator Company.[Price cents.]

in
perceiveswhetheror nothehasfully comprehendedquestions constructive design,andthoserelating La Trazione Elettrica. GIULIOMARTINEz.Milan

of

:
the bookwork. For this reasonMr. Blaine'slittle largestructures,arereservedfor themorediffi UlricoHoepli.

de
Die Lehrevon Wellenberuhigung. Von Dr. M. M.
bookwill prove a distinct acquisitionto thetext cult “honours” stage.

or
RICHTER. Berlin: Robert Oppenheim(Gustav
alreadyexisting,and will beof The treatment each part the subject

of

of
bookson mechanics Schmidt).[Price marks.]

tois

2
special value to the self-taughtstudent, whohas necessarily brief, andfrequentreference made Die Definizionen und Fundamentalsätze der Theorie des

of is
often to worry his way through the scienceof theauthor'slargerwork for thebenefit any who Gleichgewichtes Schwimmender
Auflage,
Korper.Von VICTOR
Anhange
mechanicsunder verygreatdifficulties. The work may wish better understandthe reasonsthat LUTSCHAUNIG. Zweite miteinen und

to

11
Figuren-Tafeln. Trieste: H. Schimpff.

F.
is divided into a number of lessons, each of lead the adoption anyparticularpractice;but TheJournal theIronandSteel

to

of

N. of
Institute.Vol.XLIV.
whichis prefacedby an explanationofsomegeneral theexcessive developweak Editedby BENNETT H. BRough, Secretary.Iondon:

to
condensation tends
principle, and concludeswith somehalf-dozenor ness teaching,and Spon.

to

to

E.
and

F.
see this one has but
to in Expediting theCalculationo Ap

f
so of carefully preparedquestions,the answers refer the chapteron scaffolding, wherethe cor Time-Altitudes for the
parentTime. By A. Johnson, R.N. London:

C.
to whichare in every caseappended,and in the rect methodsby which tie thevariousmembers

to

D.
Potter. [Price4s.]

J.
an

moredifficultproblemshintsas to the bestmethod ordinaryscaffoldtogetherare entirelypassedSugliApparati

of

MotoridelleNavidaGuerra.AGOSTINo
given. principle over;or,again, chapter foundations, PERRONI. R ome: E. C. Forzani.
to
of solutionarealso The of work the o n where

n
on
is introducedveryearly, andto our mind properly no mention made the principles which Treatiseo Elementary Hydrostatics.ByJoHNGREAvEs,

of
is

A
so, as this one principle then servesfor deter stabilitydepends,although extremeexample, M.A. Cambridge:UniversityPress.[Price5s.]

an
miningthemechanicaladvantageof every kind of that foundationon piles, given. On the
of

is
a

lever and pulley block or other machine. The otherhand, the syllabusrequiresinformationupon THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT MAIL
higherdevelopments of this principle,by meansof the simplestresses beam,and this given

ofat
as in

is
to a
STEAMER MARIE HENRIETTE.”
whichthe stressesin staticallyundetermined struc great length, with diagrams. The difference

“
tures may be ascertained,is not, however,gone opinionthatexists the advisability the use (Concluded frompage256.)

of
into, a failing which the presentvolumehas in heavy light “monkey” for pile-driving HAVINGdescribed the generalarrangement tho

of
or
is of

of
a

commonwith nearlyeveryotherBritish text-book referredto, but theauthor doesnot makeclear assenger rooms, somemoredetailedreference may

we
made theprincipalsaloons, whichengravings

to

of
on mechanics. Even in Cotterill there is only a that the alternative “heavy monkeyand
of
is
it

on
given pages 314and315. And first we may
passingreferenceto the subject. shortfall,” and “light monkeyand long fall.” are
of

taketherestaurant, situatedaft onthemaindeck.

In
The groundcoveredby Mr. Blaine'slittle work No one doubtsthat the heavymonkeywith the 100persons maysit, therebeingfifteentablesround
by
is,

it
however,very wide. The generalprinciples long fall, mentioned the author,will speedily
of

as
thesideand thecentre thesaloon, shown the

of
in

in
prettycompletely developed pile required
to

to
staticsare the first do mischief the that drive.
in

is is

engraving (Fig. 9). There companion-way

it

from

is
a
eightlessons,afterwhich the simpler problems But, on the whole,the book an excellentone, thepromenade
of

deckaboveandthelowerdecksaloons
dynamicsare taken up and disposed four and containsfull detailsof work as shouldbe below. Thefurnishing are thepurest
of

it
in

anddecoration

is in
lessons. The friction brake and other forms of done, our housesare be wind and weather Flemishstyle, and feeling comfort suggested
to

of
if

a
as

as

dynamometers are then discussed,after whichthe tight structures. Roofs, the syllabus by thefireplace theafter end,with its magnificent

at
far
subject the strength machine requires,are adequately dealtwith, andtwo good chimney-piececarvedoak,with bevel-edged mirror

a in
of

of

of

stressand
parts enteredinto, andall the simpler casesare examplesare shown contractdrawingsfrom surmounted by clock. Theopenhearth worked

in
of

is
is

clearlyexplained. We note, howeverthat one actual practice. résumé given the various copper. Betweenthe large windows,whichhave
of
in

is
A

place the author, discussingthe calculationmethods fire-proofconstructionthat havecome bronze fittings,arecarvedoakenpanels,the subjects
of
ofin

beingassociated with the arts and commerce.The

boiler shells, speaks into practice,andtheentirequestion prettyfully ceiling
of

of

the thickness
is

executed panelling,hand-painted.The
in
is

strength properprotection
of

of
to

the “added due the ends.” has discussed. The the walls polishedoak and
It

armchairsand tables are

is in
already been pointed out these columns housesfrom damp rightly insisted upon, and carved, and the upholstery
in

is

Utrecht velvet.

in
be

(vide ENGINEERING, vol. li., page 468) that good methodsgivenby whichthis end may at Two large skylights “cathedral glass,repre
in

”
within the elastic limit the action of the ends tained; whilst the employment composite sentative Flemishfairy tales,admitlight
or
of

toto
of

the
hasusually tendency increasethe ring stress badlybondedwalls condemned, andthe grave centre the room, and through wells
of

of

the
asto

in

is
a

by
it,

place diminishing suggested Mr. Blaine's dangersattending their use pointed out. The saloonbelow. One these,placednearthe fireplace
nof
of

beit by

language. dealing with the strength solid book well illustrated gooddiagramsand by aft, has balustradei oakandbronze, whiletheother,
of
In

is

beamsthe author gives verynecessarywarning sketches details,and safe predict that placednearthebuffet,containsthecompanion-way

to
to
of

is

it
a

against the use only prove the promenade a nd lower decks. The beautifully
to

to
of

will not muchservice stu

of

the rationalformula for the

strength beams,for loads causingstressesex dents,but also our artisans,many whom, workedbronzebalustrade, representing the charac
to

of

in
of

on
teristics the old Flemishstyle, shown the
of

is
ceedingtheelasticlimit. The discrepancy general “speculative”
of

between the extension inferior

as

Thefloor this, the othersaloons,

of

of

the actual breaking strength beams and that work, must find makethemselvesillustration.
to

difficult
of

it

Tournay Brusselscarpet. The arrangements

or

practicallyfamiliarwiththehigherbranches their has

a

given by the rational formula has long been

of

for servingare verycomplete, thepantryand wine

a

stumblingblock the “practical” man,whowill respectivetrades. cellarbeingimmediately

to

belowthebuffet.
ofon

as
blaming the theory,instead his own Below the restaurant the first-classsaloon,
of

insist
is

for the inaccurateresults he obtains. CottonWeaving and Designing.By JoHN TAYLOR.shown Fig.
on
it,

abuse room finished polished

8.

This
in
is

Somerules for the strength conical and spiral net.

Longmans,
#".
Green,andCo. [Price7s.6d. teak,
the wallsand ceilingsbeing panelswithblue
in
of

springs are given this section, those for the The increasinglygreat competitionoffered andwhitedecoration.On eachsidearetwoseriesof
in

on
– all

on

lounges,onebehindand higherlevelthan the

former type being taken from paper by Mr. sides—inAmerica,Egypt, India, andotherparts
at a
a

themiddle thesaloon placed large

of

other.
In

is

Young, read before the Institution

A.

a
of
E.

the cottonindustry Lancashire, oncethegreat table,wherefourteenmaysit thesametime.Light

of to

of

Civil Engineers. The theory not, however,

beis

factory the world'ssupply,enforcesthe necessity admittedthroughthe well, and througheighteen

of

is

veryfully developed,but will found great the technicaleducation the workers, and ports theside theship.
in

on
of

of

completeness Mr. Young'spaperaforesaid.The although

in

on

effectiveeffort now being made Theladieshaveroomsonthemainandlowerdecks

is

nextsection the bookdeals the firstplacewith behalf the risinggeneration,muchmay done forward the saloonsjust described,and having
of

be
in

of
of

the reciprocatingparts
on
by

separate stairways. Theboudoir

of

the inertiaforces
in

thesamedeck
as

Mr., Taylor
is
to
a

of

such books that inculcate

steamengine andothercases harmonicmotion. into the presentweaverfull acquaintancewith as therestaurant, into which hasdirectentrance.
of

it
on

followed by chapter the analogiesthe principles his craft. The timewas when Thewallsare satinwood,relievedwith pilasters
of
in

This
is

of

linear and angularmotion. was sufficientfor workman know that under mahogany withpanels, theceilingbeing
it

anddecorated
of

betweenthe laws
to
of up

The remainder thebook taken with chap given conditions certainresultwasattained. To white and gold. Thereare eightlarge windows
in
of

is

and skylightwith stainedglass delicatetints,

on

ina in
a

hydraulics,the transmission power,and effectively

a

ters meetcompetition, now necessaryHerealso homelyfireplace,

is

with whitemarble
it

is

thermo-dynamics. four-figure loga that the workmenshould

a
of

table not only appreciate

A

the chimney-piece fittedwithopenhearth worked copper,

rithms and autologarithms appended. We may conditionsthemselves,
...

but be fully conversant

is

with and surmounted w ith bevel-edged mirror. Directly

add the volume well printed and stoutlybound, the principlesandreasonswhichdictatethosecon opposite,
is

flankinganotherlargebevel-edged mirror,

£
and containsnumerouswell-chosen illustrations. ditions, arightthe various aretwocaryatides carvedmahogany, andtheeffect
in
to

and also understand

by

processes which theresultsareattained. very brilliant,especially whentheroom lighted,

is

is
It
A is

viewedfromthe stairway. From theboudoir

by

AdvancedBuildingConstruction.By the Author only this intelligent view the work, that and
of
of

there descending theladies'

to
is

staircase
be
on

“Notes BuildingConstruction.”London andNew efficientand cheapproductioncan reached.

on
4s.

private
diligent study theworkbefore maystimulateplace room thelowerdeck. Herealso fire.
is

York: Longmans, Green,andCo. [Price 6d.]

us

a
of

white marble,with grate and overmantel

of

This book primarily written for examination this intelligence. We usethe word studyadvisedly,
to

similar that the boudoir. At one side of

in
is
a

purposes,and one the large classcalled into for the author,who lectureron cotton-weavingthe stairway the lavatory,&c. (see Fig.
of

is

on
is

varioustechnicalschools Lancashire,treats our two-page

in

in

existenceby the fact that every year there platepublished ourissue February
of
is

in
a

no

de

heldall overthe countryby his subject 23), and the other the cabin
at
of

of

business-like manner. There

of in

series examinations the femme

is
a

the Scienceand Art Departmentupon well superfluity language,and,although timesthe chambre.

is at
a
by

relatively The cabinsintendedfor the use the King and

no

definedsyllabus. meansnecessary that style thelecturetheatreobtrudes,

of of
toof
is

it
It

such manualsas the one underreviewshouldbe easy follow theauthor his explicityet concise Queen Belgiumare
of

deck-houseabaft the
in
in

a
on

the processes cotton-weaving,funnels, thepromenade deck,and thetworooms

all

merely “cram-books,” and, indeed, the present description

of

of
 -
-
- - - -- - -

-
--- -

;:
N
N
N

H
H

V
A
A

B
E
E
E
E
E
E

R
R

G
G

L
L

T
I
T
IA MENT MA. M “M RIE RIETTE.”
CONSTRUCTED BY THE SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME JOHN COCKERILL, SERAING, BELGIUM.
#

(For Description, Page313.)

see
- - - - -- -
-
- -
-
--~~~~

-- -

-
*-

8.
9.

FIG. THE FIRST-CLASSSALOON. FIG. THE FIRST-CLAssRESTAURANT.

-,
- -

-
|
-

7%ft -
;#

FIG. 10. THE SMOKINGSALOON. FIG. 11. THE ENGINE-RooM.

 MARCH 9, 1894.] ENG IN E E R IN G. 315
(about294in. by 133 in.), representingnational
THE BELGIAN “MARIE industries–theclassicshrimpand prawnfisheries

soin of
STEAMER HENRIETTE.” Ostend,thedogmilk-carts theFlemishdairymen,

of
&c. The framing theseand the ceiling are

of
CONSTRUCTED BY THE SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME JOHN COCKERILL, BELGIUM. carvedmahogany polished. Two largemirrorsare

as
reproduce,againand again, the four

to
laced
#:
pictures. The sidewindowsare square,and
theyhavetheslideventilatorpeculiar railwaycar

to
riages.
aretenprivatecabins two

of
In thesamedeck-house
berthseach. All the rooms,and the shipgenerally,
arelightedby electricity,therebeingmorethan200
lamps.The oil lamps,foruse emergency, havebeen

in
rich suspension

of
laced frames hand-worked

in
ronze. Heating by means cylindricalstoves

of
is
withworkedcopper,and containingcoils

of
covered
copperpiping which suppliedlivesteamfromthe

to

is
engines, theexhaustpassingintothecondenser.Hot
waterisalsolaid throughtheshipforvariouspurposes,
safety,anabundantsupply water case

is to

of

of
As

in
fire provided,while the subdivision the ship

of
by
bulkheadsinto thirteen separate compartments,

''
and the double-bottom throughout,affordssecurity.
addition thesix lifeboats, andfittings

to
In
all benches
areconstructedt help life, for which pur

in
pose also 250 buoys and life-belts are provided.

be
The water-tightcompartments can emptiednot
only by the ordinaryservicepumps,but also by

a
on
pump themaindeckforward,andwhichcanbeput
with each the water-tightcom

to of
communication

in
£
partments andwith the engine-room.The sounding
forthebilgescomeup the maindeck. The
ilgesareventilated by numerous ports,coveredwith
gratings,underthe stairwaysand underthe tables.
The greatlengthand breadth the steamergive

of

a
so
promenade area, that duringthe

of
deck enormous
finesummerweathermorethan400passengers can

on

on
convenientlysit foldingarmchairs this deck.
with net galvanised iron,

of
Thedeck surrounded

is

a
prevent anyarticledropped bythepassengers falling

to
intothesea.

11
on
The propelling engines,illustrated Fig. and

on
the two-pageplate, are the compoundtype,

of
with two cylinders,inclined,but parallel

to
each
other. The cylindersare placed the paddle

is al

of
shaft. The generalarrangement thatadopted by
the SociétéCockerillfor manyyears. The seats

of
thecylinderareparallel the axis thecylinder,

to

of
andnot the keel the ship, and the triangular

to

of
spacewhich thusleftfree by steelcasting #:

is

is

a
bolted the foundation,which horizontal.The
to to

is
framing the engine four parts, caststeel,
of

of
in
is
bolted thekeelson theship,the upperpart,sup.

of
porting,thecrankshaftbearings,beingconnectedt

o
the cylindersby the columnsformingthe crosshead
guides. Theframesarebracedtogether transversely.
The high-pressure cylinderhas diameter 60in,

of
a

84
in.
andthe low-pressure 108in., thestrokebeing
of
The cylindershave certain peculiaritieswhichare
worthy note. The topsare cast onepiecewith
of

of in

an
the body, but theyhave their middle opening at
with cover,havingthestuffing-box thepiston-rod.
a

up
so

Thisopening made largethatafterdrawing the

is
on

cover therodthereremainssufficient spacearound

the rod enable man enterthe cylinder. This
in of to

to
a

dispenses with separate manhole,andfacilitatesthe

a

an
casting the cylinder. There escape

of
valve
is

on
5*

diameter, loadedwith spring thetop,and

in
in

on
another themiddle thecylindercover placed the
of

manhole. The pistonsare caststeel,andareconical

in

form.Theyhavea simplecast-ironring,verybroad,
£
in

behindwhichareflatsprings theordinarytype. On
is noof

thelowerportionthereare springs,the of the

by

pistonbeingsupported theaid packingpiece,

of
a
on

whilethetongue thering thetop. TheSerain

of

in all

firm hasadoptedthis arrangement for horizonta

engines greatpower,andwith satisfactory
of

results.
in,

Thepistonrodsare forgedsteel,101 diameter,

of

andpassthroughstuffing-boxes withmetallicpacking.
The crossheads, forgedsteel,havetwojournals
to
fof

receive thebrasseso theconnecting-rods, whicharealso

forged.Each thetwoends thecrossheadbolted
of

of

is

U-shapedpiece forgedsteel. Thebranches

of ofto

on of
a

the areaboveandbelowthe guide-bars, andare

U

supported by setbolts theslippers,whichlatterare

FIG. 13. THE ROYAL PRIVATE SALOON, castironlinedwithwhitemetal.Thisarrangement
£
on

insuresthattheslippersarepressed only thecentre,

andarenotsubject the flexureof thecross
to

on

illustrationsare annexed. The fittings are in the menadedeck-house betweenthe fore funnelandthe head. They are thus supportedveryuniformly
Louis XV. style. The woodworkin the state-roomengineskylight. It is an exceptionally welllighted theguides,andthe guideshaveshown,after small
ona

is of carvedand polishedwalnut,and that of the apartment.Thecouches,&c., are covered

£
withblue time working, surfaceequallypolished both
of

£
a

private saloonof carvedrosewood.The walls and buffalohide, and in the generalfittingsnothingis their lengthand breadth. The cylindersare con
doorsare drapedwith velvetand embroidered silk, lackingwhichcanadminister to comfort. The wall nected the bearings the crankshaftby forged
; of to

of

and with therichtintsof thebackground a charmin anelsareof realDelftchina,andmeasure 1.25metressteel columnsforming the crossheadguides. The
of 14

effectis produced,
of whichonlya suggestion is offere y .75metre(4 in. by in.), andrecall ortion thesecolumnson whichthe shoesrun
ft.

ft.

is
2

de

by the illustration. The ceilingsare hand-painted, somenotableplacesandevents—La GrandePlace the other parts are round. The main
14

andontheflooris asoftcarpet The apart Bruxelles, marvel Gothicart reproduced its connecting-rods are ft. long,and forgedsteel.
of
in
a

mentsare lightedby largewindowsandseveralsky minutestdetail; the rightbank the Scheldt,with Thebrasses thefork embracing
of

of

of

thecrosshead are
lights,andthecurtains,of course,areof embroidered its quaysand ships; theoffing Ostend thebath gun-metal.Those thecrankare caststeellined
of
ofat

in
of
on

so

silk. All thefurniture-cheffonier,

tables,easychairs, ing hour summer'sday,withthechalet theKing withwhitemetal,thelowerpartbeinground, that
a

be

sofas,couches,&c.—reproduces faithfully LouisXV. the distance;and bird's-eyeview theCockerill they can takenout withoutremovingtheshaft.
of
in

style. establishmenta Seraing. Betweenthesefourmain Thecoversare also forgedsteel, The crankshaft

t

of

#. first-classsmokingsaloonissituatedin thepro panelsare eight smallerpanels.75 by 35 metre forgedsteel,and hollow the bodyand the
of

in

in
is
 3i6 ENGINEERING. [March 9, 1894.
craakpina. It hasa uniformdiameterof 19J4in. The Thegeneralscantlingsof theboilerconformto Lloyd's detailsof thesystemof compounding foliowedby the
main bearingsare 19j]Lin. long, and the crankpins rules. They are clothedwith fossil meal sheathedRhodeIsland LocomotiveWorks. Fig. a trans

is
7
havea lengthof 23$in. The crankshaftcarrieson with galvanisediron. Each group has, of course,a versesectionthroughthereceiverandtheintercepting
eachextremitya flangeforcouplingtothepaddle-wheelseparate smoke-stack andfunnel,thelatterellipticalin valve(thelatter beingtaken throughthe ports and

(/
Bhaft,asshownon oneof theillustrationson the two- form,and havingdouble walls. The forceddraught

e,
Fig. 8). Fig. longitudinalsectionthrough

is
8

a
page engraving. The paddle-wheelshafts are in is suppliedby four Bumsteaddouble-suctionventi the samevalve,showingtheposition occupieswhen

it
forgedsteel,hollow,and of thesamediameteras the lators 5 ft. in diameter,having each its Chandler theengine beingrun compound Fig. similar

is

is
a
is 9
;
crankshaft. The external supports of the paddle motor. Theseventilatorstakethe air fromtheupper viewof thesamevalve when theengine beingrun
shaftsarein caststeel. They haveonlya singlebrass part of the engine-room,assisting to ventilate it. simple. Figs. 10 and 11are sections through the
below. The cover is hollow, and without a brass. The fans blow their air into a rectangularconduit receiverand exhaustpassage,showingthe positions
The brassis of cast steellined with whitemetal,and which surroundsthegroupof boilers,havingin front occupiedby the exhaustvalve when the engine

is
is 4 ft. 3yj in. long. of eachboileranopeningwith a slidewhichadmitsof runningcompound or simplerespectively.Thefollow-
The steamdistributionis madeto thehigh-pressurethe amountof air beingregulated. Under each of ing lettersreferto the variouspartsof themechanism

:
cylinderby acylindricalpistonvalvewhichtravelsin a these openings,too, is a baffle-platopreventingthe A the casingof the interceptingvalve the

is

is
is B
D;
hardcast-ironbushing. Thelow-pressure cylinderhas current of air raising dust in the stokehold. A reducingvalve; an oil dash-box; a pipe

is
C
two flat double-ported valveswhichwork on hardcast- pressuregaugeor water columnis neareachfan as leadingfromthemainsteampipe to the intercepting
ironseats.Thetwovalvesareplacedtogetherandwork well as in the stokehold, and on the engineer'svalve thereceiver; theexhaustvalve a

is

is

b
E

c
;

a;
<l
together. With two valvesthere are smallerfaces, platform are gauges for each stokehold, so that arethepistonsof theinterceptingvalve; port

is
and there is thereforethe minimumof deformationhe is in full Knowledgeof the pressureof forced openingfromthe mainsteam-pipe connection through
under the influenceof heat The valve motionis draught. The boiler feedingis by a pair of Weir's the interceptingvalve casing a port leading

is
e
;
obtainedfrom a single eccentric,the link oscillat direct-actingpumps. The barrelsare 11$in. in dia throughtheinterceptingvalvecasinginto thereduc
ing on a fixed centre. The link does not act meter,andthesteamcylinder16$in. in diameter,the ing valve port from the valvecasingleading

/is
B

a
;
directly on the valve, but on a lever fixed to a strokebeing20 in. The bodyof thepumpis of gun- into thepassage to the steamchestA1 m small

is
a
;
movablecentre,one extremityof which is in con metal. Eachpumpcanbeworkedindependent of the pipe and passageconnectingthe hand valve in the
nection with the crosshead,by which is obtained other,insuringthecontinuityof feedevenif onewore locomotivedriver's cabto the chamber Fig. 11

k,

o
;
the necessarylead. This arrangementis known out of order. The feed pipesare in duplicate,and are ports through the exhaustvalve casing. The
in Balgiumby the nameof its inventor,M. Wal- eitherpumpcan supply waterto bothor any of the mechanismi operatedin thefollowingmanner: The

s
scheart,andall the locomotivesof the BelgianState feedpipes. Thesepumpsare arrangedso that they interceptingvalve being in the position shown in

8,
Railway are fitted with similar valve gear. The can circulatewater in the boilers, and also empty Fig. and the exhaustvalve closed (see Fig. 10),
motion was inventedsimultaneouslyand indepen them. They can also take water directly from the when the throttle valve opened,steamfrom the

is
dentlyby Mr. Walter Brock, of Dumbarton,and by condensers.A Weir's distiller is fixedin theengine- boiler will pass into the high-pressurecylinderin
M. Hensingerde Waldeckin Germany. The oscillat- roomto makeup thefeed. This distilleris 3 ft. 6 in. the usual manner, and also through the pipe

D
ioglinksarefixedonarigidcrossbeam of caststeel,con in diameter,and 3 ft. 9 in. long, and can supply into the interceptingvalve A, causing the piston
nectingthetopof thefour framesof theengine.The 12 tons of distilled water eachtwenty- four hours. to moveinto the position shown in Fig. 9. In
linking up is effectedby steamandhydraulic revers In this connection,too, it maybe notedthat there this position the receiver closedto the low-pres

is
ing gearworkedfrom the engineer'splatform. This is a specialdonkeyand bilge pumpby Weir, which sure cylinderA by thepiston andsteamfromthe

c,
1
arrangement has loog beenadoptedby the Cockerill cantake water fromtheseaor thebilgesanddeliver passageD passesthroughthe ports and andthe

e
Company.A simplehandforcepumpservesto change it into the reservoirsfor sea water, into tanks, on reducingvalve into the low-pressure steamchest,

B
thegearwhenthereis nosteam. deckfor sanitarywork, theextinctionof fire, or dis thepressurebeing reducedfromthat in the boilerin
Thecondenser is madein a singlepiece,independentcharge it overboard. The pump is arranged to theratioof thecylinderareas. The pistonvalveabc
of theengines,to whichit is connected by tubing. It pumpfromthe bilge and do donkeydutysimultane soproportionedthat will automatically changeto

is

it
is cylindrical, made in steelplates, with gun-metalously. Gun-metalhas alsobeenusedin theconstruc thecompoundpositionshown in Fig. when pre

a
covers,and is placed'thwartship,moretowardsthe tion of this pump,thebarrelof whichis 8 in. in dia determined pressurein thereceiver hasbeenreached

E
starboardside,in orderto give sufficientroomon the meter,thesteamcylinderbeing9 in., andthestroke by theexhaustfromthehigh-pressure cylinder. The
port sidefor drawingoutthe tubes. The coolingsur- 18in. enginethus startswith steamin bothcylinders,and
face is 10,226squarefeet. The tubesare of gun- It only remainsto be addedthat the ordersare automaticallychangesto compoundat desired

a
metal,theexternaldiameterbeing j in. The joints transmittedto engine-room, &c, by Chadburn'sreply receiverpressure. The enginemay at any time be
are made by a simpleform of stuffing-boxin the telegraphsfrom bridge and paddle-boxes,and that changedfromcompound to simpleworkingby opening
usual way. The tube-platesare of gun-metal§ in. telegraphsalso connectthe engine-roomand stoke thevalveF, whichconnects thereceiverto theexhaust,
thick. There are two air pumpsof 37j in. diameter, holds. Everything,indeed,hasbeendoneto facilitate andallowsthesteamfromthe high-pressure cylinder
with a strokeof 2 ft. 14in. Theyareworkedby bell- the manoeuvring as well as therapidsteamingof the to escapein theusualmanner. This exhaustvalve

F
cranklevers,actuatedfromthemaincrossheads.The ship. operatedas follows. The smallpipem extended
is

is
bodiesof thesepumpsare in bronze,with cast-iron back into thedriver'scab,whereit is connected with
covers. The pistonsandthe valve seatsare in gun- a handvalvethat opens eitherto steamor to atmo

it
metal, and the circular valvesin rubber. The feed LOCOMOTIVES AT THE WORLD'S sphericpressure. Whenrunningcompoundthis hand
pumpsare worked separatefrom the main engines. COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. valve keepsthe pipe m opento the air, sothat the
Two centrifugalpumpscirculatethewaterin the con Among the locomotivesexhibitedby the Rhode steampressurein thereceivermaintainsthevalve

F
denser. Oneis placedoneachsideof theship. Gun- Ieland LocomotiveWorks, Providence,was a two- closed,and in the positionshownin Fig. 10. When
metal has been largely used in their construction. cylinder compoundof the " Consolidation " type, runningsimplethehandvalve turnedsoas to open

is
They areeachworkedby smallverticalengineshaving with eightcoupledwheelsand a two-wheeledswing thepipe m to the boiler, when the valve assumes

F
cylinders10in. in diameterby 10in. stroke. ing truck ; the designof the engineis very clearly the positionshownin Fig. 11, and the receiver

is
E
The paddle-wheelshave an external diameterof shownonpages310and311. This engineis intended connectedto the exhaustpassageby meansof the
22ft. 4 in. Each wheel has nine featheringcurved to burn bituminouscoal,andis of the normal gauge. ports o. From the foregoingdescriptionandillustra
floats,4 ft. 4 in. by 15ft. long. The framingof the The diameters of thehighandlow-pressure cylinders tions, clear that at the momentof starting,or
is
it

wheelis in forgediron, with theexceptionof theboss, are respectively 21in. and 31in., and the lengthof underother conditions,the enginemaybe operated
whichis in cast steel. The floatsareof steelplates, thestrokeis 24in. The coupledwheelsare50in. in underfull steampressureby opening the exhaust
andtheirthicknesshasbeendoubledor trebledwhere diameter,and the driving-wheelbaseis 15ft., the valve,andthat when this valve closedthe piston
is

thebendingmoments andtorsionrequireit. All the total wheel base of enginebeing 22ft. 6 in. The valveabc will automaticallytakethepositionshown
bearingsof the paddlesare of gun-metal,with the weight in working order is nearly 130,000 lb., the in Fig.
8,

and the enginewill work compoundcon

exceptionof thecentreof theeccentric,wherethereis weighton thedriversbeingabout118,200 lb., andthe tinuously.
a bronzepin runningin lignum vitfe. The centre remainder onthetwo-wheeled truck. Theweightofthe
pivotof theeccentricis in onepiece,and is of cast tenderis 75,000 lb., andthetankcapacity4000gallons. EARLY ENGLISH LOCOMOTIVES AT THE
T°„

steel. It is stronglyboltedto the stringbeamof the The boiler is madeof steel plates in. thick the WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
;

paddle-box. The port wheel has one of its circles rivets employedare in. in diameter,and double On page322we illustrate two early English loco
§

toothed,andasmallsteamengineplacedin theengine- riveting usedon all horizontalseamsandjunctions motiveswhichwereexhibitedby modelsat

is

roomcanturn themainenginewhenthereis nosteam with firebox. The boiler of the extendedwagon- Fig. Chicago.
is

shows Trevithick's tramway engine. The

1

in themainboilers. top type, 62 in. in diameter,with a dome30 in. in modelwas madeat CreweWorks, and an exact
is

Steamis suppliedby eightcylindricalboilersof the diameter. Thereare246tubes, in. outsidediameter representation of theengineasbuiltin 1803.It weighed
2

return-tubetype. Four of theseboilersare placed and13ft. in. long,fittedwith copperferrulesat the in working order tons, and took a gross load of
8

forward and four abaft the engines. There are, fireboxend thesetubes are of charcoaliron. The 25tonsat a speedof milesan hourovera badroad,
;

therefore,four stokeholds,all closed,to admit of the firebox of steel,all platesof in. thick, exceptthe with sharpcurvesandstiffinclines,andwithouta load
is

ji

application of forced draught. The total heating fluesheet,which in. thelengthof box 108in.,
is

is

reportedto haverun at speedof 16milesan

is
;

it
J

surfaceof the eight boilersis 14,100squarefeet,the and the width 34 in. the width of the side and hour.
;

grate area being 465 square feet. The boilers, backwaterspace 3$ in. that at the front from Fig. showsa full-sizedmodelof the " Rocket."
is

is
;

which are of Siemens-Martinsteel, made by the 3$in. to 4$ in. Theboilerandfireboxaretestedwith The modelwas madeat CreweWorks, andrepresents
Cockerill Company, work under a pressure of 200lb. steamand 260lb. waterpressure,theworking theoriginalengineas appearedwhencompeting for
it

117$lb. per squareinch. They have a meandia pressurebeing180lb. thestayboltsin thefireboxare theprizeof 500/.,offeredby thedirectorsof theLiver
;

meter of 13 ft. 4 in., and are 10 ft. 3 in. long. in. and in. in diameter,spacedabout4$in. apart. poolandManchesterRailwayCompany,at Rainhill in
1
|

There are in eachboiler three of Fox's corrugated The firebox crown supportedby radial staybars 1829. The engineweighedin working order tons
is

.
4

furnaces, having a mean diameter of 3 ft. 2j in. in. in diameter; the grate of the rocking-bar cwt.
is

ran at therateof 12$milesperhourwith a

it
3
|

The diameter is made slightly larger at their type. The engine frames are of wrought iron load equivalentto three timesits own weight,and
junctionwith the front plates of the boiler, so that throughout their form clearly shown on the whentakinga carriageandpassengersi travelledat
is
;

they may be taken out when necessarywithout engraving,as also the arrangementof cylinders, therateof 24milesan hour.
is

otherwiseaffectingthe boiler. The riveting which crosshead piston-rod,valvemotions,&c. The driving

connectsthe furnaceto the combustionchamberis wheelsare 50in. in diameter,with cast-ironcentres
protectedby a bridgeof firebrick. Eachfurnacehas turned to 44 in. in diameterto receivethe tyres Gun Manufacture in Sweden.— Mr. A. Nobel, of
;

a separatecombustionchamber. The tubes,which theseare of Midvale steel in. thick the first and Nobelpowderfame,haspurchased thegreaterpartof the
3

BoforsWorks in Sweden,
areof steel 3 millimetres(.12in.) thick, have an ex fourth pairs are flanged,and 5$in. wide thesecond havethecontrol. Themanufacture of whichhewill henceforward
of largegunswill be
;

ternaldiameterof 2JJ in., the lengthbeing6 ft. 6}in. and third pairs are plain, and in. wide the two made leadingspeciality,and there
6

everyreasonto
;

is
a

betweentube-plates. They are slightly greaterin 30-in. wheelsof the front truck arealsofitted with believethat Boforswill, erelong, haveto becounted
diameterat the smokebox end, to facilitatethewith steeltyres. The axlesareof wroughtiron,with inside amongthe leadingestablishments of this kind. The
drawing of themwhendesirable. The staytubesare journals54.in. in diameterand in. long. excellentqualitiesof Boforscaststeelare alreadywell
8

screwed intothetwotube-plates, andarewithoutnuts. Figs. to 11, page 311, illustrate someof the known.
7